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Ablasskampagnen des Spätmittelalters. Luthers Thesen von 1517 im Kontext
Get PDFMartin Luthers Thesen gegen den Ablass gaben 1517 den Anstoß zur Reformation. Weniger bekannt ist die lange Vorgeschichte der Ablassverkündung in der spätmittelalterlichen Kirche. Der auf eine im Rahmen der Lutherdekade geförderte interdisziplinäre Tagung in Rom 2015 zurückgehende Band beleuchtet den Kontext des Ablassstreites vor dem Hintergrund der weitverbreiteten Ablasskampagnen, die schon in den beiden Jahrhunderten davor im Kirchenleben etabliert waren. Protagonisten der Ablassverkündung waren nicht nur die den Ablass ausstellenden Päpste und Bischöfe, sondern auch die Orden und diverse Laiengruppen, die die Erträgnisse in verschiedensten Bereichen – vom Brückenbau bis zur DEUTSCH: Versorgung von Notleidenden in Hospitälern – investierten. Untersuchungsschwerpunkt sind die theologischen, kirchenrechtlichen, sozialen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Aspekte des Ablasses und seiner Verkündung im Spätmittelalter. Ab dem 13. Jahrhundert entwickelten Theologen und Kanonisten die Lehre vom „Kirchenschatz". Kritik am Ablass und seinen Auswüchsen wurde schon früh geübt und von Jan Hus zu einem ersten Höhepunkt geführt. Die Statements des Runden Tischs eröffnen außerdem Perspektiven für den interkonfessionellen Dialog zum noch immer aktuellen Thema. / ENGLISH: Martin Luther’s Theses against indulgences (1517) provided the impetus for the Reformation. This volume examines the context of this epochal moment against the backdrop of the extensive campaigns against indulgences that had roiled Church life over the previous two centuries. The essays explore theological, canonical, societal, economic, and cultural aspects of the sale of indulgences in the Late Middle Age
"Ardua negotia". Strumenti ordinari e straordinari nelle istituzioni fiorentine al tempo di Dante
No full textITALIANO: Tra XIII e XIV il comune di Firenze possedeva regole sul funzionamento ordinario delle istituzioni ma anche strumenti straordinari per rispondere a esigenze eccezionali. Tali strumenti erano impiegati in deroga alle regole per prendere decisioni più velocemente, nominare di commissioni speciali o attingere a risorse finanziarie più ampie di quanto previsto dagli statuti. Un lessico specifico rendeva l’eccezione visibile e in una certa misura circoscritta. Il saggio intende studiare le caratteristiche del linguaggio della straordinarietà come punto d’incontro tra vita delle istituzioni e storia della cultura politica. / ENGLISH: During the 13th and 14th Centuries the Florentine commune had a very complex set of institutional
rules, but at the same time it admitted the possibility to depart from the statutes in case of emergency, in order to take decisions in a rapid way without consulting the wider assemblies or to use special funds to extraordinary expenditures. The extraordinary procedures were connected
to a special language, which included key words as necessitas or ardua negotia. The paper aims at analysing this language to understand the relations between the institutions and the political culture
Donationes pro remedio animae as Total Social Facts: A Case Study from Twelfth Century Margraviate of Istria
No full textThe author analyzes the donation charter by which a noble couple, Ulrich II and his wife Adelaide, gifted numerous properties in Istria to the Church of Aquileia for the salvation of their souls (16th November, 1102). Inspired by the studies of Marcel Mauss, the donation is contextualized as a “total social fact” and the study investigates other, previously unarticulated aspects of this gift. The author investigates the contemporary political and social background, primarily focusing on the protagonists’ position in respect to the two seminal alliances of their era, the pro-papal and pro-Henrician forces during the Investiture Controversy. In this way, it is concluded that Ulrich II. endowed a religious institution that gathered pro-imperial forces, governed by a loyal and fierce supporter of Henry IV, Ulrich Eppenstein. Since Ulrich II died without any children, the only heirs to the properties he left to the Church would have been his brother’s children or his distant relatives in Thuringia. However, his brother Poppo II married into a family supporting the papacy, the Spanheims. After Poppo’s death and the remarriage of his widow, Ulrich II. donated the property so as not to render possible any future claims to the inheritance either by the nearby Spanheims or the Ballenstedts, his relatives in Thuringia known for rebelling against Henry IV. Thus, a new aspect of the well-known donation charter emerges. Since the gift is viewed as a “total social fact”, it is concluded that Ulrich II both demonstrated his allegiance during the decisive conflict of his era, reaffirmed his superior social position of a wealthy nobleman, positioned himself along the pro-imperial forces gathered around the Patriarchate of Aquileia, ensured his father’s properties would not fall into the hands of the enemies of Henry IV and made ample provisions for the salvation of his soul. The article concludes with a new transcription of the charter and its translation into modern English
"Raccogliere, pubblicare, illustrare carte". Editori ed edizioni di documenti medievali in Lombardia tra Otto e Novecento
No full textITALIANO: Un lungo Settecento, in continuità con il metodo editoriale muratoriano, e un brevissimo Ottocento, racchiuso fra il primo decennio postunitario e le soglie della Grande Guerra, quando l’avvento di una nuova e professionalizzata generazione di studiosi (Bonelli, Vittani, Torelli, Manaresi) imporrà anche in Lombardia una svolta radicale nel campo delle ricerche paleografico-diplomatistiche: sono queste le coordinate (concettuali prima ancora che cronologiche) del libro, che per la prima volta affronta in chiave storiografica una stagione centrale della medievistica regionale, ripercorrendo i temi forti che ne costituivano lo sfondo e ricostruendo carriere, progetti, iniziative degli individui e delle istituzioni che l’hanno animata, entro una dialettica assai vivace tra l’egemonico centro milanese e le orgogliose tradizioni erudite delle molte periferie / ENGLISH: A long Eighteenth Century, in continuity with the erudite tradition and the editorial method of Muratori, and a very brief Nineteenth Century, between the first decade after Italian Unification and the eve of the Great War, when a new and (at last) professional generation of scholars (Bonelli, Vittani, Torelli, Manaresi) brought a sweeping change in the field of palaeographic and diplomatic researches and of publications of medieval legal documents: these two are the coordinates (conceptual earlier than chronological) of the present monography, that for the first time deals in a historiographical perspective with a crucial season of Medieval studies in Lombardy, concentrating upon careers, projects and works of its protagonists. The focus is on the editors and editions of charters, but around them we find many other individuals and institutions of the regional and national cultural scene. The Leitmotiv is the delineation of a modern philogical method in the editions of Lombard sources, but the wider context is represented by more general (and stronger, and ideologically characterised) themes of Medieval Studies before and after the national Unification of Italy: the problems of Lombard legacy, the myth of communal age in the Risorgimento culture, the Visconti-Sforza state identity. Finally, this study about editors and editions of medieval charters in Lombardy allows to shed light on the organization of regional historical research, within an intense (and not always simple) dialogue between the hegemonic Milanese capital and the proud local traditions of the other towns and provinces
Dei gratia rex Sicilie. Scene d’incoronazione divina nell'iconografia regia normanna
No full textITALIANO: Seguendo gli studi di Percy Ernst Schramm sulla Staatssymbolik, gli storici hanno in genere considerato i ritratti regi medievali come immagini in grado di riflettere le concezioni del potere e le ideologie politiche medievali e che possono legittimare l’autorità regia e rafforzare l’ammirazione verso il sovrano. Questa interpretazione ha anche avuto un impatto cruciale sull’analisi delle ideologie monarchiche e della sacralità regia durante il Medioevo. Tuttavia, le recenti ricerche approntate in Germania sulla prassi sociale della Memoria hanno aperto a nuove prospettive creando un attivo dibattito storiografico sulla funzione sociale e sul significato dei ritratti regi all’interno dei contesti liturgici durante il Medioevo (funzione politica/propagandistica vs funzione religiosa/devozionale).
Questo libro mira a stimolare questo dibattito analizzando funzioni e messaggi delle immagini regie caratterizzate da figure e simboli sacri e da un contesto religioso e liturgico nel regno di Sicilia (1130-1189). Nello specifico esso investiga tre ritratti regi: San Nicola benedice Ruggero II nella Basilica di San Nicola a Bari; Cristo incorona Ruggero II nella Chiesa di Santa Maria dell’Ammiraglio a Palermo; e Cristo incorona Guglielmo II nella Cattedrale di Monreale. Andando oltre i tradizionali approcci metodologici, la sua esegesi evita un’analisi, per così dire, a ‘senso unico’ nella quale l’opera d’arte è esaminata in maniera ‘autonoma’ rispetto al suo contesto storico, politico e funzionale. Inoltre, esso studia il ritratto regio come parte di una più ampia strategia di comunicazione che punta a mettere in scena la figura monarchica comparando le fonti iconografiche con le informazioni fornite dalle testimonianze scritte relative alla regalità monarchica ufficiale.
Questa nuova analisi dei ritratti regi normanni di contesto religioso e liturgico porta a originali prospettive e usa nuovi spunti per riformulare le idee tradizionalmente possedute dalla storiografia a questo riguardo e relativamente alle ideologie politiche e alla sacralità regia normanna. / ENGLISH: Following Percy Ernst Schramm’s studies on Staatssymbolik, historians have in general considered medieval royal portraits as images mirroring medieval notions of power and political ideology that can legitimate power and strengthen admiration of the king. This interpretation has also had a crucial impact on the analysis of monarchic ideologies and sacral kingship during the Middle Ages. However, the research prompted in Germany on the social praxis of Memoria has opened up new perspectives, by creating an active historiographical debate about the social function and meaning of royal portraits in the liturgical context during the Middle Ages (political/propagandistic vs religious/devotional).
This book aims to foster this debate by analysing the functions and meanings of monarchic pictures characterized by sacral figures and symbols and religious and liturgical contexts in the Norman kingdom of Sicily (1130-1189). In the specific, it investigates three royal portraits: St. Nikolas blesses Roger II in the Basilica of St. Nikolas in Bari; Christ crows Roger II in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo; and Christ crowns William II in the Cathedral of Monreale. By going beyond traditional methodological tactics, its exegesis avoids a ‘one-way’ approach in which artwork is analysed in an ‘autonomous’ manner that extrapolates it from its historical, political and functional context. Moreover, it studies royal portraiture as part of a wider communicative strategy to create a mise-en-scène around the monarchic figure by comparing the iconographic sources and the information provided by written evidence regarding the monarch’s official kingship.
This new analysis of the Norman royal portraits in the religious and liturgical context leads to original perspectives and uses new cues to reformulate the traditional ideas held by historiography in this regard and on political ideologies and royal sacrality
After Soissons: The Last Years of Charles the Simple (923-929)
Get PDFIn August 923, Charles the Simple was imprisoned by Count Heribert II of Vermandois, spending the rest of his life in prison. The six years between his imprisonment and his death, however, have never been the focus of a sustained study: Charles usually disappears into a jail cell and out of history. This article uses the difficult source material for West Frankish history in the early and mid-920s to examine the resilience of Carolingian kingship. To retain their position, this article argues, the regimes seeking to replace Charles had to navigate a confusing political environment in which there were no ready-made paths to consensus about what to do with an imprisoned king
Medioevo da manuale. Una ricognizione della storia medievale nei manuali scolastici italiani
Get PDFITALIANO: L’articolo si interroga sul rapporto fra periodizzazione della storia europea nei secoli V-XV e permanenza di alcuni radicati stereotipi nei libri di testo per la scuola, proponendo una schedatura dei principali temi di storia medievale in nove manuali. / ENGLISH: The article investigates the relation between the timeline of European history in the 5th to 15th centuries and the persistence of some deep-rooted stereotypes in textbooks, proposing a catalogue of the main issues of medieval history in nine textbooks
El eufemismo léxico del discurso político y sus efectos cognitivos
No full textIn some studies about euphemism it has been pointed out that politicians usually resort to euphemistic expressions to conceal unpleasant
facts that could damage their own image (Rodríguez González, 1991; Roldán
Pérez, 2003; Crespo Fernández, 2005a). This article examines euphemism from
a pragmatic-cognitive perspective (Chamizo Domínguez & Sánchez Benedito,
2000; Casas Gómez, 2009; Sytnyk, 2014) and explains some mental effects
derived from a series of euphemistic expressions which have recently been used in Spanish political discourse. In particular, the paper suggests the existence of three
phenomena which have an influence on the addressee’s mental representation of
reality: lexical framing, blocked access to the referent and conceptual stigmatization.Este estudio ha sido posible gracias a una ayuda predoctoral del programa «Severo Ochoa»
para la formación en investigación y docencia del Principado de Asturias (FICYT-Gobierno
del Principado de Asturias).En distintos estudios que se ocupan del eufemismo se ha puesto de relieve la función que desempeñan las expresiones eufemísticas en el discurso político como herramientas de las que se sirve el emisor para ocultarle al destinatario aquellos aspectos desagradables o inoportunos que podrían dañar su imagen (Rodríguez González, 1991; Roldán Pérez, 2003; Crespo Fernández,2005a). Este artículo se fundamenta en una teoría pragmático-cognitiva del eufemismo (Chamizo Domínguez & Sánchez Benedito, 2000; Casas Gómez, 2009; Sytnyk, 2014) y explica los efectos que produce en la mente de los hablantes un conjunto de expresiones eufemísticas empleadas en el discurso político español
durante los últimos años. En concreto, se propone la existencia de tres fenómenos
que influyen en la representación mental de la realidad que construye el intérprete: el encuadre léxico, la obstrucción del acceso al referente y la estigmatización de conceptos
Sectoral H-plane SBFSS-SIW Horn Antenna
No full textA sectoral H-plane SIW horn antenna based on
Stop-Band Frequency Selective Surface Substrate Integrated
Waveguide technology is presented. The FSS operating in Stop-
Band that replace the original metal conductor plates of the
horn, increase the versatility of these structures, by making the
direct integration of biased active and passive devices on its
surface possible. The return losses, the radiation patterns and
the E-field distribution on the surface of the proposed antenna
have been compared with those of its counterpart SIW horn,
to demonstrated that the new antenna can be used in the same
role as the SIW horn with the advantage of having electrically
isolated pads from ground on its surface.This work was supported by the Gobierno del Principado de
Asturias under the Plan de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación
(PCTI) by Grants BP13042 and BP12032, by the Gobierno del
Principado de Asturias and FEDER (Uni´on Europea) under
Project GRUPIN14-114, and by the Ministerio de Economía
y Competitividad under Project TEC2014-54005-P