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Impacts of foreign direct investment inflows on employment in Vietnam
No full textThis paper assesses the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the demand for aggregate employment and skilled labour in Vietnam during the period from 2011-15. Thanks to deeper integration into the global economy, Vietnam has attracted a large amount of FDI which is a crucial driver for economic development. Employing panel data of all 63 Vietnamese provinces in the 2011-15 period and the fixed effects technique with robust standard errors, we show the adverse effects of FDI on demand for both aggregate employment and skilled labour in Vietnam. Interestingly, the absolute magnitude of the effect on employment of skilled labour is considerably larger than that of aggregate employment. In addition, the effects are positive in both the services and industry sectors, though in terms of magnitude, the effects in the latter are significantly lower than those in the former. The effects are negative in the agriculture sector. Rises in import-export scale increase the negative effects of FDI on demand for skilled labour
Empirical heterogeneity in the institutions-economic growth literature: a critical review
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Factors influencing quality assurance of Business Education Programme in Public Education Colleges of Ogun State, Nigeria
No full textPrevalence of Aspergillus spp. and occurrence of aflatoxins in peanut sauce processing by peanut sauce manufacturers
No full textManuscript of Hikayat Hang Tuah (pnm: mss 1713): A study of decorative binding and its meaning
No full textThis concept paper attempts to investigate the history of Islamic binding from the point of view of binding structure and decoration motifs in Hikayat Hang Tuah manuscript (PNM: MSS 1713). In this study, binding is defined as a mechanised process of physically folding a sheet of folio. Partially, the process involves folding the sheets together into a number of sections and turning into a codex. In addition to this, the ancient manuscript is written by hand with ink. Also, the association materials in the making of Islamic manuscript used with appropriate organic materials. The difference between western and Islamic binding involves the type of styles, materials and techniques used in the binding. Unlike binding from western style, the style of Islamic binding is influenced by the Arabic world tradition and follows the Islamic principle. The art decoration is inspired by the great dynasty during the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal era. Generally, the decoration in the Islamic art involves organic motifs, geometry, calligraphy and abstracts. On this subject, one of the famous Malay folktales in Malay World is Hikayat Hang Tuah. In other words, Hikayat Hang Tuah manuscript is the scientific study of the manuscript, the primary examination was mainly focused on the binding structure, materials, technique, and illumination. This is followed by the problem statement which emphasises the diversity of decoration on the form and contents in the Hikayat Hang Tuah, as well as to make comparisons between the manuscripts produced in the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The aim of this research is to investigate the history of Malay binding from the point of view of its binding structure and its decoration motifs in Hikayat Hang Tuah manuscript (PNM: MSS 1713). It also aims to uncover the philosophical message and its meaning. The methodology used in the analysis was the qualitative methods. The method used in this research varies. The main method is associated with conservation procedure. This procedure involved an examination of the leather, observation on the paper, sampling and sample preparation on the hand-sewn and analysis characteristic on the illumination. Besides, information is received from the library such as journals, books and articles. Other aids in the field study are delivery information from different sources, interviews from the point of geographically and historically perspectives. This research will reveal the significant differences in the origins of the motifs and design elements represented in the Malay world, based on visual and technical arrangements found in the Hikayat Hang Tuah manuscript. Furthermore, the influence of this analysis will serve as a scholarly reference for the comparative and critical analysis from tradition motifs leading into innovative creation from traditional craftwork
