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Initial assessment of indoor environmental condition and thermal comfort of Malaysia heritage mosque
No full textHeritage mosques are the gems of the country as they preserve the history of local communities and nation. Many studies have been executed on the architectural characteristics of Malaysia heritage mosques. However, the empirical studies on its indoor environmental condition and thermal comfort are still lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the indoor environmental condition and thermal comfort of Malaysia heritage mosque by using the field measurement method. The selected heritage mosque for this study is Masjid Tanah, which is located at Masjid Tanah, Alor Gajah, Melaka. Two multiparameter ventilation meters were used in the field measurement. The variables measured were air temperature and air velocity, while the indoor predicted comfort temperature was calculated using the adaptive thermal comfort model equation. The results show that the average indoor air temperatures were lower than the average outdoor air temperatures throughout the measurement. This is also similar with the indoor air velocities which were lower than the outdoor wind speeds at all times. Meanwhile, the results also demonstrate that the average indoor air temperatures were also lower than the indoor predicted comfort temperatures during the morning hours until 1 pm. The overall findings indicate that the architectural characteristics of the selected heritage mosque has a good response to the local climate. However, some improvements are necessary in enhancing the indoor thermal comfort. The findings can be used as guides for achieving a more comfortable indoor environmental condition of heritage mosques, as well as the modern mosques also
Model pemulihan sistem inventori yang mengalami gangguan bekalan dan ketidakpastian kualiti
No full textRisiko gangguan rantaian bekalan boleh berlaku berdasarkan pelbagai senario yang mengakibatkan gangguan hampir tidak dapat dielakkan. Kajian terdahulu tidak mempertimbangkan ketidakpastian terhadap kualiti yang boleh dipengaruhi oleh gangguan bekalan tersebut. Kajian ini membangunkan model pemulihan pengeluaran bagi satu peringkat pengeluaran dan sistem inventori yang mengalami gangguan bekalan dan ketidakpastian kualiti. Sistem inventori berkemungkinan mengalami pelbagai jenis gangguan seperti gangguan rantaian bekalan, gangguan pengangkutan dan gangguan berdasarkan kualiti produk yang dihasilkan. Oleh itu, pihak pengurusan perlu membuat keputusan yang pantas dan efisien bagi mengatasi masalah gangguan tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan kos yang paling minimum. Model pemulihan ini dibangunkan bagi membantu pihak pengurusan dalam membuat keputusan yang tepat dan tidak merugikan pengeluaran semasa gangguan berlaku. Contoh berangka digunakan untuk membentangkan pengujian keberkesanan dan manfaat model matematik bagi mengatasi masalah gangguan bekalan dan ketidakpastian yang disebabkan oleh proses pengeluaran. Seterusnya, model tersebut dioptimumkan dengan menggunakan perisian LINGO. Kajian ini menujukkan bahawa jadual pemulihan yang optimum diperolehi berdasarkan peratusan produk yang mengalami masalah kualiti dan juga parameter kos yang lain. Sekiranya peratusan produk rosak pada pengeluaran meningkat turut mengakibatkan berlakunya peningkatan keseluruhan kos. Maka, model kajian ini dilihat berpotensi sebagai alat dalam membantu pihak pengurusan membuat keputusan yang tepat pada pelan pemulihan apabila berlakunya gangguan bekalan
Kajian parametrik analisis terma bumbung menggunakan teknik berangka
No full textSuhu iklim yang semakin meningkat kini telah membawa perhatian untuk mengurangkan tenaga haba solar masuk ke dalam bangunan. Usaha mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada penyaman udara untuk penyejukan dalaman telah membawa kepada pelaksanaan strategi penyejukan pasif dalam bangunan. Makalah ini membentangkan penyiasatan pelaksanaan teknologi reflektif dalam bentuk sistem penebat reflektif dan sistem penghalang bersinar dalam bumbung gable. Prestasi terma sistem penebat reflektif dan sistem penghalang bersinar telah disiasat dengan menggunakan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Prestasi terma teknologi reflektif dibentangkan dari segi ketahanan haba, nilai RSI. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk beberapa konfigurasi bumbung di mana ketebalan ruang udara reflektif, sudut bumbung dan jenis bumbung diubah. Hasil yang diperoleh daripada simulasi CFD telah disahkan dengan data empirik untuk memastikan simulasi memberikan ramalan yang berketepatan yang tinggi. Analisis parametrik menunjukkan ruang udara reflektif yang lebih tebal akan memberikan pengudaraan udara yang lebih baik di kawasan ruang udara dan ini membawa kepada daya tahan haba yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, sudut bumbung yang lebih curam akan meningkatkan kesan keapungan dan meningkatkan penyingkiran haba melalui rabung yang juga menghasilkan daya tahan haba yang lebih tinggi. Dari segi jenis bumbung, hanya perbezaan kecil diperhatikan dari segi kerintangan haba apabila menukar jenis bumbung antara jubin tanah liat dan jubin konkrit. Kajian ini berjaya menggunakan simulasi CFD dalam menyiasat teknologi penebat haba di bangunan dan kaedah ini harus diterokai lebih lanjut pada masa akan datang
Kajian masa untuk memenuhi piawaian masa dalam pemasangan manual pengeluaran televisyen
No full textIndustri pembuatan televisyen yang berdaya saing berusaha untuk memikirkan kaedah pengurangan kos dalam pemasangan dan pembuatan dan bukannya pengurangan kos bahan dan reka bentuk semata-mata. Oleh itu, produktiviti adalah sasaran utama untuk diperbaiki. Apabila usaha penambahbaikan produktiviti dilakukan secara aktif, didapati tiada kaedah pengukuran yang jelas kerana kos buruh dikira dengan menggunakan masa piawaian yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Oleh itu, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengesahkan sama ada masa piawaian pratentu adalah cukup tepat untuk mengukur usaha peningkatan produktiviti yang dicapai dengan membuktikan bahawa masa piawaian pratentu telah ditetapkan lebih tinggi b erbanding masa taktik sebenar sebanyak 19%. Dengan menjalankan kajian masa piawaian dengan barisan pengeluaran manual yang terdiri daripada 11 stesen kerja dan 12 pengendali, terdapat 5 item semakan dipilih dan diputuskan untuk disemak semula kepada satu siri masa piawaian baru berdasarkan masa sebenar dan 15% elaun faktor pekerja, yang merupakan objektif kedua kajian. Keterbatasan kajian juga telah ditentukan sepanjang kajian yang melibatkan kesukaran mendapatkan pandangan yang jelas semasa penrekodan video dan juga turutan bercampur yang dilakukan oleh pengendali yang tidak mengikuti SOP. Objektif kajian ini telah dicapai dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian tindakan yang terdiri daripada aktiviti rakaman video tertentu untuk model sasaran pada barisan pengeluaran yang stabil dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian industri yang dipanggil OTRS. Hasil akhir kajian ini adalahterdapat lima proses yang telah disemak semula masa piawaiannya yang mempunyai perbezaan besar antara masa piawaian pratentu dan masa pengeluarannya sebenar. Secara tidak langsung ia mengakibatkan pengurangan kos buruh sebenar sebanyak USD $ 846,615
Tinjauan perkembangan penghasilan pengganti darah
No full textKertas tinjauan bertujuan untuk membentangkan satu pandangan menyeluruh perkembangan mengenai pengganti darah terutamanya pengganti sel darah merah yang berperanan sebagai pengangkut oksigen tiruan. Pengetahuan tentang darah manusia telah diinspirasi daripada kefahaman berkaitan sistem peredaran darah manusia. Ibn Nafis ialah yang pertama memperincikan bahawa darah mengalir melalui sistem respiratori sebelum masuk ke jantung. Dapatan tersebut menafikan tuntutan bahawa terdapat rongga halus pada septum jantung. William Harvey seterusnya memperincikan sistem kardiovaskular manusia secara lebih mendalam dan telah menyumbang kepada kefahaman yang lebih baik terhadap peranan darah dalam tubuh. Percubaan beberapa pemindahan darah menggunakan darah manusia, haiwan dan pengganti darah lain seperti susu telah dilakukan sebelum amalan tersebut diharamkan selama lebih 150 tahun di Eropah. Penemuan utama berkaitan kumpulan darah dan reaksi antibodi telah menjadikan pemindahan darah lebih selamat. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa isu dan cabaran telah mencetuskan semula penerokaan untuk membangunkan pengganti sel darah merah. Dua pendekatan telah diambil untuk membangunkan pengganti sel darah merah yang telah diklasifikasikan kepada pengangkut oksigen berasaskan biologi dan kimia. Usaha-usaha terawal adalah pembangunan pengangkut oksigen berasaskan hemoglobin (HBOC) dan perfluorocarbon (PFC) sementara perkembangan terkini adalah pengangkut oksigen berasaskan polimer serta sel darah merah yang diperolehi daripada sel tunjang (stem cell) secara in-vitro
Effect of ethanol and methanol on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.)
No full textThe use of methanol and ethanol for the extraction of antioxidant compounds in Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is studied, but only the effect of a single concentration of these solvents was evaluated. However, factors such as the nature and the concentration of the solvents determines the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant capacity and the possible use of the extract. For this reason, it is necessary to have a detailed study of different extraction conditions to find the optimum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ethanol and methanol and the hexane treatment on the extraction of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the Chia Seeds extracts. The greatest total phenolic content was obtained in the 50% aqueous ethanol and methanol extracts. Nevertheless, all the extracts showed a high DPPH scavenging activity. With exception of 100% ethanol extract, no significant differences were found between the extracts treated with and without hexane. No significant differences were found in the extraction yields of the 80% aqueous ethanol and methanol extracts, but the aqueous methanol extract presented lower IC50. The FTIR and UV-VIS spectra of the aqueous ethanol and methanol Chia extracts suggest differences in the composition of the extracts. It is possible to extract the phenolic compounds from the Chia Seeds with different concentration of ethanol and methanol, which will allow to select the appropriate extraction conditions according to the application of the extract
Effect of neuro-dynamic technique on repetitive inward ankle rolls among young Malaysian athletes - a randomized controlled trial
No full textInversion ankle sprains (IAS) are the most common injuries in sports and recreational activities. Incomplete rehabilitation among injured athletes may result in repetitive inward ankle rolls. Furthermore, inversion ankle sprain causes damage to the superficial peroneal nerve during repeated ankle inversion and plantar flexion. This results in positive neurodynamic tests in patients with sprained ankles. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of the neuro-dynamic technique on repetitive inward ankle rolls and compare it with standard physiotherapy on dynamic balance, pain score, peroneal longus, and tibialis anterior muscle activation response, knee range of motion (ROM), and functional ankle disability index (FADI) among young Malaysian athletes. Fourteen participants of age ranging from 17 to 35 years with repeated ankle sprains were recruited and randomized into Intervention Group A (Neurodynamic technique and Standard Physiotherapy-NDT+SP) and Intervention Group B (Standard Physiotherapy-SP). The participants of group A received NDT (4*30 s with 1-min rest) consisting of peroneal nerve mobilization began the day after the baseline and continued through the week for 3 sessions. In addition, the participants received standard physiotherapy (pain management and exercise) whereas the group B participants received only standard physiotherapy. The participants with repeated IAS were checked for FADI followed by pain score, dynamic balance (Y-balance), and knee ROM (using electro-goniometer). The peroneal longus and tibialis anterior muscle activity response was tested by Surface Electromyography (sEMG) (Noraxon Myo-Muscle) on the injured leg. The subjects of the two groups were tested on selected variables in baseline, mid, post and follow-up measurements. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was computed to determine the interaction effects of time and between-subject factors. ANOVA results (NDT + SP) indicated that dependent variables FADI (F (1.148, 36) = 4701.14), pain score (F (1.98, 36) = 132.697), dynamic balance (F (1.409, 36) = 16.42), knee ROM (F (1.498, 36) = 62.232), peroneal longus peak activity (F (3, 36) = 25.727), and tibialis anterior peak activity (F (3, 36) = 17.563) had a significant effect (p<0.05) within the times of intervention among participants. Based on the post hoc test. FADI, pain score and knee ROM showed consistent improvement in intervention over the injured leg. The findings of this study show improvement in dynamic balance, pain score, peroneal longus and tibialis anterior muscle activation response, knee ROM, and FADI in both groups. The neurodynamic technique together with standard physiotherapy intervention shows safe and similar effects between variables. As part of the ankle rehabilitation protocol, it also recommends the neurodynamic technique to prevent repetitive IAS
Enhancing effect of vitexin on osteogenic activity of murine pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
No full textVitexin (5,7,4-trihydroxyflavone-8-glucoside), a natural flavone present in a variety of plants, is well known for its rich pharmacological properties. However, its osteogenic activity remains unclear to date. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of vitexin on osteogenic activity in murine pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells using the MTT assay for cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay for cell differentiation, and Von Kossa staining for cell mineralization. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for the detection of osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression in cells. Furthermore, effects of vitexin on the differentiation and matrix mineralization of dexamethasone (DEX)- suppressed cells was also investigated. The results showed vitexin could significantly enhance cell proliferation in a low concentration range of 10-10-10-6 ?g mL-1. ALP activity was significantly increased after the cells were treated with vitexin at 10-8 and 10-6 ?g mL-1. The expression levels of the osteogenic OCN gene in cells treated with vitexin at 10-6, 10- 8, and 10-10 ?g mL-1 were improved by 3.1-fold, 5.8-fold, and 4.2-fold over the control, respectively. Additionally, vitexin (10-8 ?g mL-1) significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization induced by DEX. Collectively, our findings suggest vitexin could enhance cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as rescue the inhibitory effect of cell differentiation and matrix mineralization induced by DEX. Therefore, vitexin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for bone disease and plays an important role in the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Determinants on the utilisation of social media among sales advisor in automotive industry
No full textThere is a growing trend of sales transaction being done through the social media platform. There is a shift towards this trend instead of using the traditional method, which involves face-to-face interaction between the salesperson and the customer. It is a trend that has spread into all industry worldwide, including in the automotive industry. The purpose of conducting this study is to identify what are the determinants affecting the sales advisor to use social media in their daily sales activities. Few variables were chosen, and they are measured to determine whether it is giving an impact on the sales advisor choices of using social media or not. The method that is used to gather information is by using questionnaires. The findings were measured and determined to see if a hypothesis is accepted or being rejected. The findings show that individual competence, individual commitment, organisational competence, organisational commitment have a positive relationship to social media usage by the sales advisor. It proves that the organisation management needs to embrace the technological shift and come out with a social media strategy in order to utilise the benefits