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Assessment of the accuracy and precision of MyRTKnet real-time services
No full textFrom a network of ninety-six (96) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) has developed a reliable real-time data streaming service known as the Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet). MyRTKnet is now operating on Leica SpiderNet system that is configured to provide coordinate to users in Geocentric Datum of Malaysia 2000 (GDM2000). As the name implied, GDM2000 is a geocentric datum for Malaysia, developed based upon the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2000 or ITRF2000. One could argue that the quality of coordinates provided by MyRTKnet are less optimal as the latest realisation of ITRF at present is ITRF2014. This study aims to investigate the accuracy and precision of the resultant coordinates from MyRTKnet real-time services through a comparison with the control-quality coordinates from a network of post-processed data at some independent points for positioning purpose. Meanwhile for mapping purpose, the coordinates from Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) at selected Cadastral Reference Marks (CRM) points were compared with their known values. The results show that the observed points in ITRF2000 move approximately 37 cm away from the points in ITRF2014 due to the constant movement of Sundaland Block. Meanwhile for the assessment of NRTK technique, there is no significant displacement for coordinates in ITRF2000 but ITRF2014 with the values of 4.4 and 39.8 cm at KDOJ point, respectively. The discrepancy in ITRF2014 could be due to the improper datum transformation procedure. For mapping, NRTK technique is still not reliable to be adopted for determination of boundaries based on the results derived as the vector displacements for two (5.5 cm and 8.1 cm) out of three CRM exceed the allowable limit (5 cm). In conclusion, it is worth noting that, NRTK technique adopted for positioning should addressed a proper datum transformation process (ITRF2014 to ITRF2000) to improve quality of data meanwhile for mapping works, the NRTK technique is still unreliable to be implemented
Relationship between soil engineering properties and corrosion rate in andesitic volcanic soils, West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
No full textSoil is the most diverse environment that can cause metal corrosion. Many researchers claim that soil is a corrosive environment that has complexity compared to other environments. With a background knowledge of soil engineering properties in a specific area and their effects on the metal corrosion process then corrosion problems can be prevented. This paper presents the relationship between andesitic volcanic soil engineering properties with an average corrosion rate based on geotechnical and statistical methods. In this paper, we propose a new average corrosion rate per year on that soil. The study area took place on the Sekincau-Way Tenong Transect Road, West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. This area was composed of silty clay to clayey silt soils which weathering products from andesitic-basaltic volcanic breccia. This soil can store water that is moderate to high and has high plastic properties. Based on the statistical approach, it can be concluded that the corrosion rate in andesitic volcanic soils is 1.132 mm/yr. Soil engineering properties (water content, index plasticity, and clay content) simultaneously affect the average corrosion rate. The effective contribution of each independent variable (soil engineering properties) to the corrosion rate is a plasticity index of 39.5%, the water content of 24.79%, and clay content of 26.04%. Index plasticity and water content were found to raise the average corrosion rate at the soil samples, while clay content was on the side that lowered the average corrosion rate
A systematic review of E-wallet usage intention: Integrating UTAUT2 with perceived security
No full textThe growth of cashless payment has grown exponentially, including that of e-wallet, in line with the government\u27s plan to build a cashless society. The e-wallet phenomenon is fast becoming an important component for financial inclusion in emerging economies as studies found that the use of digital financial services like mobile money and other fintech applications could provide many potential development benefits. Countries like China have experienced the highest growth in cashless payments over the last five years and is said to be the most educated on mobile payment services. Despite the rapid development of this technology, organizations and consumers are still concerned about rising security issues. As the e-wallets markets are further expected to increase exponentially in Malaysia, it is crucial to study the consumers\u27 behavioral intention to use e-wallets for the benefits of e-wallets service providers and users in Malaysia. Correspondingly, this paper presents a review of the literature aimed at advancing the body of knowledge by proposing a conceptual model on consumers\u27 behavioral intention to use e-wallet (mobile payment) using UTAUT2 as a baseline model. This paper is built upon a systematic literature review method. This paper provides practical implications that would assist e-wallet service providers when devising appropriate strategies in planning and increasing consumers\u27 intention to use the e-wallet
Dye extracted from Costus woodsonii leave as a natural sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell
No full textCurrent work employs dye extracted from leaves of Costus woodsonii as a new sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The leave was extracted in three different solvents namely ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Extraction of leaves was carried out by the freezing method. DSSCs with the configuration of TiO2/dye/electrolyte/Pt were assembled. The dyes in DSSCs were Costus woodsonii leaves extracted in methanol, ethanol, and acetone. DSSC with methanol extract of
leaves has an efficiency of 0.23 % and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.63 mA cm-2
. DSSC sensitized with ethanol extract of leaves has an efficiency of 0.37 % and Jsc of 0.85 mA cm-2. DSSC sensitized with acetone extract of leaves shows the highest efficiency of 0.48 % and Jsc of 1.35 mA cm-2. The performance of the DSSCs in this work is compared with other natural dyebased DSSCs. The efficiency obtained in this work is better or at par with the works reported by
other researchers
Preliminary assessment on cocrystals of nicotinamide:cinnamic acid and nicotinamide:p-coumaric acid at different solvents and ratio
No full textCocrystal plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the low solubility and
bioavailability of drugs. In this study, the cocrystal formation screening was carried out for
nicotinamide(NIC) as the API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) with two coformer
Inovasi I-Think mengikut perspektif guru inovatif pendidikan islam
No full texti-Think adalah inovasi yang diperkenalkan oleh KPM sebagai alat berfikir untuk merangsang pemikiran aras tinggi pelajar. Ia dibina oleh pembina luar dan berbentuk atas ke bawah. Dari sudut yang lain, guru inovatif adalah kelompok yang biasa menghasilkan inovasi bawah ke atas dan merupakan pembina dalam. Keadaan inimembuka ruang kepada penerokaan pandangan guru inovatif mengenai i-Think. Kajian kes ini dijalankan terhadap lima guru inovatif Pendidikan Islam (GIPI). Data dikutip melalui temu bual mendalam dan separa struktur. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa guru inovatif Pendidikan Islam sepakat bahawa i-Think adalah inovasi yang baik, namun mereka berbeza ketika menggunakan i-Think. Dua GIPI menggunakan i-Think seperti yang disarankan, manakala tiga GIPI mengubahsuai i-Think mengikut kreativiti mereka dan pelajar mereka. Kajian ini turut berjaya merungkai tiga isu yang ditimbulkan oleh GIPI mengenai i-Think, iaitupelajar sukar melukis iThink mengikut bentuk yang betul, i-Think menyebabkan idea sedia ada sukar untuk dikembangkan dan i-Think tidak sesuai untuk semua pelajar yang mempunyai kepelbagaian kecerdasan. Dapatan ini memberi maklumat kepada KPM supaya melonggarkan kaedah penggunaan i-Think dalam kalangan para guru dan menyerahkan kepada kebijaksanaan dan kreativiti para guru untuk mengubahsuai i-Think sesuai dengan kepelbagaian pelajar
mereka
The history and transformation of Perak Malay traditional house
No full textApart from shelter, traditional houses were built to accommodate the spiritual factors such as religious, cultural values and way of life. Thus, it tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural, technological and historical context in which it exists. This paper discusses the development of architectural style on the Malay traditional houses in Perak. It is based on data collectively gathered from KUTAI researchers conducted since 1997. More than 400 houses were observed. Architectural transformation found in the roof design, spatial organization, architectural elements and decorative elements within the period of 150 years. Findings of this study strengthening and establish the Perak Malay architectural style
In vitro seed germination of coelogyne asperata lindl. (orchidaceae)
No full textA protocol for in vitro seed germination of Coelogyne asperata Lindl. has been established successfully. Immature seeds from 182 days old capsule were cultured on three different basal medi
