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Management of open angle glaucoma: focus on mechanisms of action and adverse drug reactions
No full text?-adrenergic receptor blockers?-2 adrenergic receptor stimulantscarbonic anhydrase inhibitorsmuscarinic receptor stimulantsrho kinase inhibitors with
regards to their mechanism/s of action and potential adverse drug reactions, and
antiglaucoma fixed drug combinations
Conceptualizing Asnaf Entrepreneurship for Zakat Institutions in Malaysia
No full textThe aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to explore the challenges of the current practices of the asnaf entrepreneurship program and to establish Islamic entrepreneurship ecosystem as a mechanism in the development of the program among zakat institutions in Malaysia. This research will use qualitative study methods in gathering the primary data from informants among officers in zakat institutions, the asnaf entrepreneurs, the business advisors/experts and academicians. The collected data will be assessed to verify on how the program may help to develop the economy of the asnafs. Even though there is no ideal case as regard to the Islamic entrepreneurship ecosystem in this current world, zakat institutions may provide such alternative ecosystems. The findings of this research is expecting to enhance zakat institutions, Muslims societies, general publics, and policy makers on how this program may elevate the economic status of the asnaf from zakat recipients to become the zakat payers. Thus, the results of this research are anticipated to provide the landscape on how the asnaf entrepreneurship program may positively increase the income of the participants specifically and the societies in general
No full textIntroduction: Over three decades, patient-controlled epidural analgesia with a basal infusion
regimen (PCEA+BI) has successfully improved labour analgesia quality due to its advantage
in allowing self-titration by the parturients. Recently, a newer programmed intermittent epidural
bolus with PCEA regimen (PIEB+PCEA) was suggested to improve the epidural spread of
local anaesthetic hence resulted in better analgesia quality and higher maternal satisfaction.
Methods: We conducted a one-year retrospective analysis of data from obstetric analgesia
service record sheet and hospital information system comparing maternal satisfaction towards
their labour analgesia quality, mode of delivery and neonatal Apgar scores between these two
methods of epidural delivery techniques. A total of 343 parturients were recruited in this study
(PCEA+BI n=171, PIEB+PCEA n=172). Results: There were no significant difference in
maternal satisfaction between the two groups (P=0.398) with a higher percentage of excellent
satisfaction were found in the PIEB+PCEA group (PIEB+PCEA 146/172 (84.9%) vs PCEA+BI
138/171 (80.7%)). No significant difference in the mode of delivery (P=0.296). However, the
PIEB+PCEA group shown a higher spontaneous vaginal delivery rate (PIEB+PCEA 87/172
(50.6%) vs PCEA+BI 70/171 (40.9%) and lower Caesarean delivery rate (PIEB+PCEA 71/172
(41.3%) vs PCEA+BI 87/171 (50.9%)). Despite statistically significant differences found in
Apgar scores at 1 minute (P=0.036), there was no significant difference in the scores at 5
minutes (P=0.107). Mean Apgar scores (SD) at 1 minute and 5 minutes for PIEB+ PCEA were
7.77(0.85) and 8.91(0.55) respectively and for PCEA + basal infusion, the scores for 1 minute
and 5 minutes were 7.92(0.39) and 8.98(0.19) respectively. Conclusion: PIEB with PCEA is
a newer epidural delivery technique for labour analgesia which produces a comparable
outcome to PCEA with basal infusion
Kaedah penyelesaian pertikaian di tribunal tuntutan pengguna Malaysia: Satu kajian lapangan
No full textPelbagai perundangan pengguna telah dikuatkuasakan oleh kerajaan bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan terbaik kepada pengguna di Malaysia. Perundangan pengguna tersebut termasuklah penubuhan Tribunal Tuntutan Pengguna Malaysia (TTPM) yang diwujudkan di bawah Akta Perlindungan Pengguna 1999. Tujuan penubuhannya adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan sebaik mungkin kepada pengguna akan hak mereka. Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul berkenaan dengan TTPM, antaranya termasuklah isu bidang kuasa TTPM yang terhad serta ketidakfahaman pengguna tentang peranan dan fungsi bahawa TTPM sebagai medium tebus rugi bagi mereka. Bagi memenuhi objektif ini, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah metodologi kualitatif bagi mengumpulkan maklumat dengan cara temu bual dan pemerhatian yang dijalankan di TTPM. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa TTPM telah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam penyediaan landasan bagi tuntutan pengguna. Kewujudan TTPM sebagai medium perlindungan pengguna di Malaysia perlu dimanfaatkan sebaik-baiknya oleh pengguna. Sungguhpun begitu, peranan dan fungsi TTPM perlu dipertingkatkan kepada tahap yang lebih baik. Artikel ini juga mengemukakan beberapa cadangan yang boleh dipertimbangkan oleh pihak berkaitan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan pengguna di negara ini, dan TTPM khususnya
Semi active seat suspension system using modified intelligent active force control
No full textThis paper presents a modified intelligent active force control (AFC) control strategy in a semi active seat suspension system. The main actuator studied in this research is the Magneto-rheological (MR) damper. Since a semi-active device like MR damper can only dissipate energy so a modified version of AFC controller is needed. The modified AFC controller main function is to determine the appropriate control force. A Heaviside Step Function (HSF) is used to ensure the MR damper produce the desired damping force according to the control force generated by AFC controller. The phenomenological Bouc-Wen is used to study the effectiveness of the new AFC controller taking into account the dynamic response of the damper. Sinusoidal signals simulated as vibration sources are applied to the seat suspension system to investigate the improvement of ride comfort as well as to ascertain the new AFC controller robustness. Comparison of body acceleration signals from the passive suspension with AFC controller semi active seat suspension system shows up to to 45% improvement to the occupant ride comfort under different vibration intensities
The implementation of alternative learning system in public schools in Isabela, Philippines
No full textThe main purpose of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) is to eradicate illiteracy among out of school children, youths and adults who are school dropouts and to those who are deprived of education in order to complete elementary and secondary education outside the formal school system. Thus, this study was designed to determine the level of implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Schools Division of Isabela. It utilized the descriptive-correlational method involving fourteen (14) districts. The main instrument for data collection is the survey questionnaire while weighted mean, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test were carried out to answer the research objectives of the study. Results of the study showed that implementation of ALS program in public schools in the Division of Isabela are commendable. They perceived the implementation of ALS program generally as very good. The data showed that majority of them revealed that relevance of instructional materials use during ALS sessions was outstanding. They affirmed that facilities and equipment were always available, enough, relevant, with quality, accessible and safe in the learning centers. They also perceived that financial resources appropriation, availability, and sufficiency exist in the ALS program implementation. Moreover, majority of the respondents revealed that establishing linkages, participation of stakeholders such as parents and government officials and attitude of ALS implementers were very good. There are significant differences in some areas of the factors in the implementation of Alternative Learning System. On the basis of the results of the study, it is then recommended that ALS Implementers consistently build and maintain positive working relationship with the barangay officials and other stakeholders to win their full cooperation in the implementation of the ALS programs and projects. Furthermore, the learners are advised to be guided accordingly and comply with the regular attendance as scheduled by the assigned ALS implementer in the ALS centers, and other linkages and partners may work hand and hand to extend financial support as needed in the implementation of the ALS program. Nevertheless, there should be a proper monitoring and evaluation tool designed by the Department of Education (DepEd) to identify priorities and needs and ensure proper technical assistance to ALS implementers in the field. For further research, this study can be replicated in the higher level utilizing other parameters
