Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Shoot induction on several cutting types of corm of shrimp banana (Musa acuminata Colla) through in vitro culture
Get PDFMusa acuminata Colla is a unique genomic species which differs from other species in this genus. It has typical color of reddish-purple on its fruit. Musa acuminata is recorded as rare banana in Riau, particularly in Kampar District. This research aims to study the influence of several cutting types of corm of shrimp banana originated from Kampar District through in vitro culture. It also purposes to determine the best formation of M. acuminata shoot through various concentration treatments of BAP only and BAP combined with Kinetin. The study used randomized block design (RBD) by adding come BAP concentration (0, 4, 8 mg/l) and BAP combined with Kinetin (0 mg/l BAP+0.4 mg/l Kinetin, 4 mg/l BAP+0.4 mg/l Kinetin, and 8 mg/l BAP+ 0.4 mg/l Kinetin). The cutting type of banana corm involve no cut (whole) and half-to-half cutting in MS media, each with 5 replicates. The result showed that either addition of BAP and BAP combined with Kinetin gave the best percentage of live explants and shot formation up to 100%. Treatment of 8 mg/l BAP resulted in the highest shoot percentage up to 100%, the fastest shoots appearance at 34.00 days after planting and the longest shoot reached 2.83 cm with 2.33 shoots counted on half-to-half cutting type. This study also confirmed that the addition of plant regulation substances from cytokinin group gave good impact in the formation of shrimp banana shoots
Antibacterial potency of fresh extract leaves of jamaican cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) in Inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.
Get PDFResearch on the antibacterial potency of fresh extract from leaves of Jamaican cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae had been conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The study aimed to determine the potential of fresh extract from Jamaican cherry leaves in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae and to determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against S. dysenteriae. The results showed that the fresh extract of Jamaican cherry leaves was potent as an antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria S. dysenteriae. It was shown through 12 - 14 mm diameter of inhibition zone which was classified as strong inhibition. The MIC was measured at 3.125% while MBC was undetermined. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the fresh extract from Jamaican cherry leaves was potent to inhibit the growth of S.dysentriae at 3.125% concentration, yet unable to kill it
The Growth of Coastal Cottonwood (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.) Seedlings by Inoculating Arbuscular Mychorrhiza Fungi (AMF) on Sand Beach Planting Media
Get PDFHibiscus tiliaceus L. is a seaside plant that has several benefits, one of which is as a producer of paper fiber. H. tiliaceus need a better nutrient to grow on coastal land that is still constrained by the high level of salinity. By this, a special treatment is needed to support its growth. One of them is the application of mycorrhizal inoculants. Mycorrhizae is known as one of the fungi that can help plants tolerate salinity. The aims of the research were to determine the effect of AMF inoculants and determine the best doses of AMF to the seedling growth. The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (A) without AMF (control), (B) inoculation AMF 10 g/plant, (C) inoculation AMF 15 g/plant, (D) inoculation AMF 20 g/plant and (E) inoculation AMF 25 g/plant. The result showed that AMF can infect the roots of hibiscus seedlings with an infection degree of 18-34%. However, it has not been able to have a significant effect on shoot length, number of leaves, dry weight of root, and dry weight of shoot
Tracking the morphological diversity of Bucephalandra motleyana Schott (1858 (Araceae) using its commercial name in the proximities of Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFBucephalandra Schott, Gen. Aroid. (1858) is a genus within Araceae family and assigned to some aquatic plants endemic to Borneo Island, currently representing 31 species. Bucephalandra species are known as ornamental aquatic plants and common for aquascaping. These aquatic plants are highly valued, approximately € 300 in European ornamental aquatic markets and Rp 50,000–700,000 in local markets. We collected 195 specimens of Bucephalandra from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets in the proximity of Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study is based on repeated confusion with overwhelmed vernacular names assigned for Bucephalandra in the markets. Therefore, the aims of this study are to collect and to identify of Bucephalandra offered in the aquatic plant markets with emphasis on Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858. Specimen identification are mostly based on reference specimens stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division – Research Centre for Biology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong. As result, this study collected 110 specimens belonged to Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858 and 85 specimens identified as other species within this genus
Plant Breeding Through Protoplast Fusion
Get PDFProtoplast culture (protoplast fusion) is one method of tissue culture that is widely used in plant breeding programs in a relatively short time. This method is used to overcome the problem of plants that are difficult or impossible to cross conventionally as well as used for species improvement by transferring the desired gene from the donor plant to the target plant via protoplast fusion. Protoplast fusion makes it possible to produce plants that are resistant to a disease and various abiotic stresses, rapid growth rates and have a better quantity and quality of metabolites than their parents. Various factors affect the success of fusion and regeneration of protoplasts into whole plants, including the source of explants, the composition of the enzyme solution and the duration of incubation, fusagen type and culture media for regeneration
Induksi Kalus Tanaman Puspa (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth) dengan Penambahan Beberapa Konsentrasi Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) dan 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat (2,4-D)
Get PDFThe research about Callus Induction of Puspa (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth) with several concentrations addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetid acid (2,4-D) had been done from October until November 2016 at Plant Physiology dan Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University. The aim of this researh is to get the combination of 2,4-D and BAP to induce the best callus of Schima wallichii. This research used a Completely Randomized Design Method with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The result showed that combination of 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,75 ppm BAP was the best concentration to induce callus of Schima wallichii
Effects of Chlorella sp. Additions on the Changes of Visceral Mass and Proximate Contents of Shellfish
Get PDFShellfish, called as kerang in Indonesia, contains animal protein that’s popular, making it as and important fisheries and marine commodity. Supported by the good taste and high nutrient content in it. Paphia undulata or Kerang Batik, Peryglipta reticulata or Kerang Kemiri, Meretrix meretrix or Kerang Tahu, and Codakia tigerina or Kerang Madu, are consumption shells from northern coast of Java. To improve the quality of shellfish, Chlorella added as shellfish food preferences. It supported by the high nutrient content in Chlorella sp. Shellfish kept for 15 days in a basket with a sand substrate and drainage from sea. Therefore, the water quality had been controlled for the changed of salinity and water temperature. Parameters used to see the improvement shellfish quality is the color changes on visceral mass and the changes of proximate content (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash). This study proves the color changes on visceral mass and proximate content. The color change occurs on the visceral mass and the gills. The changes of viscerall mass occurs on kerang batik from white greyish to yellow while the more clearly gills occurs on kerang madu and kemiri. Meanwhile, the change of proximate shown by the increasing of protein and moisture on all the spesies while on the otherside the decreasing of carbohydrate and ash, but the increasing of fat only occurs on kerang batik and kerang madu. The higher proximate changes occur on kerang madu, where the ammount of moisture at 71,43 ± 0,03 %, the protein at 16,55 ± 0,02 %, the fat at 1,35 ± 0,04 %, the carbohydrate at 2,9 ± 0,03 %, and the ash at 8,09 ± 0,04 %. The conclusion of this research are kerang madu has the higher positive influences by addition of Chlorella, shown by the increasing of proximate contents and the clearly of gills. Keywords : addision of Chlorella sp., changes of visceral mass, proximate, shellfis
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tangkai dan Daun Begonia Multangula Blume. terhadap Porphyromonas Gingivalis
Get PDFBegonia multangula Blume. has acid sensation and it spread abundant on the western mountains of Java. While result of Periodontitis sufferer’s krevicular epitel investigation shows Porphyromonas gingivalis sticking portion are 5 – 20 times greater than another bacteria. Research about antibacterial activity of the stem and leaf extracts of B. multangula on P. gingivalis has been studied. This research using two methods of extraction i.e fresh extract and maseration with etanol and aquades as solvent. Volume extract tested are 10 µL and 20 µL with aquades and etanol 48% as negative control. This research using disk difution method with three replications. Incubation process during 40 hours in anaerob jar 37 ºC degree. The results showed that all of the extracts have bactericide activity toward P. gingivalis, while two negative controls has no show mentioned bactericide activity. The biggest bactericide activity owned by etanol extract of B. multangula’s stem, while the smallest bactericide activity owned by aquades extract of B. multangula’s leaf. Obstruction Power Index (Indeks Daya Hambat, IDH) of all extract inclined low
Pengaruh Penggunaan Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) Pada Budidaya Jamur Merang (Volvariella volvaceae) Menggunakan Media Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit.
Get PDFIndonesia is the biggest producer of palm oil in the world. Palm oil empty fruit bunches is the biggest waste generated by the palm oil processing industry. However, utilization of the palm oil empty bunches has been not optimal. The palm oil empty fruit bunches have potential to be developed into a medium for growing mushroom because it has a high cellulose content. However, the high content of cellulose and lignin in palm oil empty fruit bunches is difficult to decompose into organic material that need for mushroom growth. The composting processes of empty fruit bunches can be increased by using Effective Microorganism (EM4). This study aims to understanding the role of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Volvariella volvaceae cultivation processes that used Empty Fruit Bunches compost. This research was conducted by composted the empty fruit bunch with different concentration of EM-4 there are 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Parameters observed were number of mushrooms, weight of mushrooms and C / N ratio of compost. The results showed that EM-4 had reduce C/N ratio of empty bunch palm oil compost, C/N ratio was not affected mushroom production and EM4 was affected mushroom production, the highest production reached by concentration of 15% that had not significant with concentration of 5%, 10% and 20%. At concentration of 25% mushroom production was decreased. It is probably there are several mechanisms by EM4 microorganisms containing that affected mushrooms production.Â
The Growth of Shoot Cutting of Ant-nest Plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M. Perry) that Planted in Various Planting Medium
Get PDFThe research about The Growth of Shoot Cutting of Ant-nest Plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M. Perry) that Planted in various planting medium was held from May until August 2018 in Greenhouse and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The aim of this research was to find out the effects of various planting medium to the growth of shoot cutting Ant-nest Plant. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments (sand, husk charcoal, media moss, coconut fiber and fern’s root) and six replications. The results showed that shoot cutting that planted in sand, husk charcoal and fern had a highest life percentage (100%). Shoot cutting that planted in coconut fiber showed a highest height accretion. Shoot cutting that planted in media moss showed the highest root amount, longest root length and containing clorophyl level