Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi
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The effect of rasa rumangsa (self-awareness and empathy) on the subjective burden of families caring for individuals with schizophrenia: Social support as a mediator
No full textFamilies caring for schizophrenic individuals experience pressure due to their associated roles and responsibilities, a situation known as subjective burden. Cultural values influence decision-making related to caretaking behavior, including that based on the Javanese value of rasa rumangsa as an adaptive coping mechanism in caregiving contexts. Social support is a factor that helps to reduce the subjective burden of families taking care of schizophrenic individuals. This study examines social support as a mediator in the role of rasa rumangsa in relation to such subjective burden. The quantitative research used surveys for the data collection method, with 112 carer families of schizophrenic individuals chosen for the study by purposive sampling. The questionnaires used were 1) the Rasa Rumangsa Scale; 2) the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL); and 3) the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The hypothesis was tested using Jamovi version 2.6.13 with the medmod module, following Model 4 of Hayes' simple mediation framework. The results indicate that social support fully mediates the relationship between rasa rumangsa and the subjective burden of families caring for individuals with schizophrenia (indirect effect: ß = -.1137, p < .05, 95% CI = -.2186, -.0105). The implication of studying rasa rumangsa as a cultural coping mechanism can be an alternative way of explaining its relationship with the subjective burden of such families. In addition, the findings could also be used to develop mental health programs to improve social support, which will ultimately reduce the subjective burden
Parenting stress, resilience, religiosity, and emotional competence in caregivers of children with special needs
No full textChildren with special needs require caregivers to care for them and provide full or partial assistance in the carrying out of their daily activities, including undergoing therapy, going to school, receiving medication, and performing their daily routines. This can cause stress and a burden of care for caregiver, meaning that caregivers require emotional competence; this study aims to develop a model of such competence. Using a cross-sectional, correlational quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 caregivers selected purposively from the Yamet Foundation in Central Java. The research instruments were the Profile of Emotional Competence, Centrality of Religiosity Scale, Resilience Scale, and the Parenting Stress Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lisrel. The findings reveal that the proposed model successfully captures the relationships between parenting stress, resilience, religiosity, and emotional competence. Parenting stress significantly and negatively affects emotional competence, with a path coefficient of β = -.39, t = -5.29, with higher stress levels correlating to reduced resilience and religiosity. In addition, resilience and religiosity act as mediator variables, with a score of z = -2.346 for religiosity and z = -2.017 for resilience, meaning that both variables act as mediators. However, resilience and religiosity do not directly influence each other. The study suggests that enhancing parents’ resilience and religiosity may buffer the impact of parenting stress on emotional competence. Thus, psychosocial support programs should integrate resilience-building and spiritual-based approaches to empower families of children with special needs
Psychometric properties of the 18-item Indonesian Mental Toughness Questionnaire using the Rasch model and Machine Learning
Get PDFThe psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) remain vague. This study uses the Rasch model to elucidate these properties. In addition, boosting classification was adopted to assess the predictive validity of athletes’ achievement. The sample size comprised 400 athletes. According to the Martin-Loef likelihood-ratio test = 482, p = 1.0 and factor analysis of the Rasch residuals, the questionnaire tends to make unidimensional assumptions. The MADaQ3 = 0.074 shows the overall tendency of local independency across all items, with the majority clustered in moderate to low-level measures. Q11, Q15, and Q18 were clearly identified as showing gender bias, with significant effect sizes. According to the boosting classification, the performance between national vs no achievement (F1 = 0.7, AUC = 0.56) and international vs no achievement (F1 = 0.62, AUC = 0.58) was flagged as unsatisfactory predictive performance. In conclusion, the abridged questionnaire is not preferable for determining an individual’s future performance or achievement. Future studies are needed to develop a better version that is more unimpeded by gender bias, and to resolve the variability of the items
Spiritual mindfulness therapy: An intervention to reduce depression symptoms
Get PDFDepression has become a critical mental health issue, especially among college students, with increasing prevalence worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 322 million people globally suffer from the condition, with a prevalence rate of around 3.7% in Indonesia. This research examines the effectiveness of spiritual mindfulness therapy in reducing depression symptoms among university students. The study involved 28 Malang students aged 18 to 22 who participated voluntarily. The research approach was based on quantitative methods, with an experimental Solomon Four-Group design, in which the participants were divided into four groups: two who received treatment and two who served as controls. Spiritual mindfulness therapy was administered through both individual and group sessions, with depression levels measured using the PHQ-9 instrument before and after the 8-session intervention, using pre-test and post-test assessments. The results show a significant reduction in depression symptoms, differing between the groups (F = 18.547, p < .001), with the analysis indicating a significant improvement in the treatment groups. The effect sizes ranged from d = 2.75 to d = 3.33, indicating a high therapeutic impact. The research implies that spiritual mindfulness therapy can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in students, providing a promising intervention for mental health support in educational settings
Development of a mindful parenting model for mothers with children in early childhood
Get PDFMothers’ care of young children determines their well-being physically, emotionally and cognitively. It is important to practice effective parenting with affection, unconditional acceptance and care, an approach known as mindful parenting. This study aims to develop a mindful parenting model based on perceived social support, self-compassion, confidence in parenting, and gratitude as mediator variables in mothers of young children. A quantitative approach is taken, with purposive sampling employed. The study respondents were 303 mothers with children in early childhood (3-6 years), aged 20-36, living at home with their children, and residing in cities/districts in East Java province, Indonesia. The instruments used to measure mindful parenting were the Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ), Self-compassion with Skala Welas Diri (SWD), Parental Self-efficacy with Self-Efficacy Parental Task Index (SEPTI); and Perceived Social Support with Interpersonal Survey Evaluation List (ISEL) Analysis was conducted using the path analysis technique. The study results indicate that a mindful parenting model can be built based on the perceived social support of mothers, self-compassion, and mothers’ perceptions of self-efficacy in parenting, which are fully mediated by the gratitude of mothers for their young children, with a value of Q² = .274 or 27.4%. This finding suggests that gratitude is a major factor that enables mothers to practice mindful parenting. The research findings can be used to help develop intervention programs for parents, specifically mothers of young children, and related stakeholders, and can also be developed in future research
Cross-cultural adaptation and factor structure investigation of the Marital Forgiveness Scale
Get PDFForgiveness is essential in marriage as it can bring a sense of satisfaction to married life. This study aims to adapt and examine the factor structure of the Marital Forgiveness Scale (MFS), a forgiveness instrument in the context of marriage. After the process of adaptation to the Indonesian language and culture, validity and reliability tests were conducted, and a MIMIC model was developed. In an online and offline survey, 330 millennials (128 husbands, 202 wives, M-marriage age = 25.33, SD-marriage age = 3.12) completed the Indonesian version of the MFS. The validity test was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis, with the results showing that the values obtained were satisfactory (CFI & TLI ≥ .95; RMSEA = .06; SRMR < .08). The multidimensionality measurement of the Indonesian version of the MFS consists of two dimensions, a positive and a negative. The omega coefficient for the Indonesian version of the MFS is .694 (positive dimension) and .787 (negative dimension), indicating satisfactory reliability in the millennial sample. The results of the MIMIC model show that items 2 and 3 in the negative dimension have gender variance in the MFS. The scale is a suitable measure for evaluating individuals’ dispositional forgiveness in Indonesian millennial marital couples. It is hoped that the instrument will contribute to the advancement of the study of forgiveness in the marital context in Indonesia
Validation of the Interpersonal Forgiveness Indonesian Scale: An examination of its psychometric properties using confirmatory factor analysis
Get PDFIn recent years, research has highlighted the essential role of forgiveness in fostering interpersonal relationships and preserving social harmony. However, more precise measurement methods are necessary, particularly in the Indonesian context. The purpose of this study was to develop the Interpersonal Forgiveness Indonesian Scale. The investigation rigorously explores the construct by implementing confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the instrument's reliability, we used McDonald's omega coefficient. This study included 549 adults aged 18 to 35 from Yogyakarta, with a mean age of 23.09, including 258 males and 291 females. The loading values for revenge and avoidance factors were .724 to .841 and .796 to .845, respectively; while benevolence varied more, ranging from .538 to .824. The McDonald's omega value of .953 indicated excellent reliability. Robust correlations between the items and factors on the Interpersonal Forgiveness Indonesian Scale demonstrate its effectiveness and relevance in Indonesia. Future research should explore the dynamics of interpersonal forgiveness across diverse regions in Indonesia to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon within distinct cultural contexts
Psychometric properties of the Five-executive Function Tests in Indonesian samples
Get PDFDifficulties in executive function (EF) may be causative factors in clinical conditions, including learning disabilities, depression, and anxiety. However, defining the structure of EF is an ongoing issue, although Miyake’s three-factor structure is widely accepted. This study aims to discover the underlying factor structure of EF domains, as measured by five tests and the scores of 840 participants, to establish the domains’ validity and reliability. Five neuropsychological tests were included in the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA): the Digit Span (DS); the Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop Test); the phonemic Verbal Fluency Test (pVFT); the Five Point Test (5PT); and the Trail Making Test (TMT). EFA could be meaningfully performed (KMO = .862, Bartlett’s test: ????2 =1393.169, df 45, p < .001) and yielded three factors closely mirroring the three core domains of EF. CFA of the model in which the 5PT loaded on factor 2 showed the best goodness of fit indicators, although the difference with the other three-factor models was small. Currently, these EF tests are available in Indonesia and suitable for use, although obtaining normative scores adjusted for demographic factors is necessary
The influence of executive function therapy on improving social maturity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): An experimental study
Get PDFChildren with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have non-adaptive behavioral problems related to social maturity, which impact their future lives as adults, thus necessitating access to appropriate treatment. This experimental study aims to examine the effect of executive function therapy on improving social maturity in children with ADHD. It adopts a comprehensive approach, employing a one-group pretest-posttest design on 20 children with ADHD. The social maturity scores of the children in the initial examination ranged from 32 to 86, measured using the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS), and then analyzed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS. The results show an improvement after executive function therapy (Phase III/Post-test, M = 75.90; Phase II, M = 64.00; Phase I, M = 64.30; Pre-test, M = 61.35), thus indicating a significant influence of the therapy on the improvement of the social maturity of children with ADHD, F(3; 16) = 73.9; p < .001, η_p2 = .795 showed moderate level of therapy effectiveness. This study suggested that executive function therapy is effective in improving social maturity in children with ADHD
Peer support and the mental health of Indonesian migrant workers: The mediating role of spiritual well-being and coping strategies
Get PDFPeer support has been highlighted as an important factor in the mental health of Indonesian migrant workers abroad. Although many studies have investigated spiritual well-being and coping strategies, few have investigated the role of these as mediating variables. This study aims to determine the direct and indirect influences of peer support on mental health through the spiritual well-being and coping strategies of Indonesian migrant workers living abroad. The research participants were 183 Indonesian migrant workers based overseas. The sampling technique employed was convenience sampling. The data collection technique used was a scale questionnaire, including the peer support scale, coping strategy scale, spiritual well-being scale and mental health scale. The technique for analyzing the data was structural equation modeling. The results show that peer support (β = .247, p < .01), spiritual well-being (β = .176, p < .01), and coping strategies (β = .514, p < .01) had a direct effect on mental health. At the same time, there was an indirect effect of peer support (β = .159, p < .01), which was mediated by spiritual well-being and coping strategies. The research has theoretical implications regarding the importance of the encouragement of friends for the mental health of Indonesian migrant workers, especially when reinforced with spiritual well-being and coping strategies.