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The challenges of health volunteers management in COVID19 pandemic in Iran
No full textPurpose The use of volunteers is one of the approaches to capacity building, preparedness and the response of the health system in disasters. Appropriate management of volunteers during disasters and emergencies is essential. This study aimed to explain the challenges of volunteer management in the Pandemic COVID-19 in Iran. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research was conducted using the content analysis based on the Graneheim method. The participants' selection was done based on purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling until data saturation. Direct field observation and 26 interviews were applied to collect data. Findings Four categories and 15 sub-categories emerged to describe the challenges of volunteer management during the COVID-19 crisis including policymaking barriers (including legal barriers, insurance and support coverage and risk governance), managerial barriers (including planning, coordinating and organizing, training and awareness, command and leadership and information management and documentation), socio-cultural barriers (personal safety attitude and culture, attitudes and expectations of the community and perspectives on volunteers) and executive-operational barriers (monitoring and evaluation, cost and needs assessment). Originality/value It is essential to increase managers', officials' and volunteers' perceptions of COVID19 risk through education and information. Preparing a database for volunteers' information, including non-governmental organization and governmental organization volunteers, planning for needs assessment, establishing a mechanism for recruiting volunteers and using their capacities and appropriate organizing, tracking and monitoring of volunteers can be among effective strategies
Evaluation of factors affecting pressure ulcers in patients with brain - Spinal injuries: A cross-sectional descriptive study
No full textBackground: Due to the importance of pressure ulcers (PUs), this study was performed to determine the status of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to hospitals in Ilam. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted (sample size=220). Researchers obtained a list of discharged patients from hospitals and contacted patients or their companions. The instruments included a demographic profile form and the Braden Scale for Predicting PU Risks. Data analysis was SPSS ver. 16 software. Results: It showed most of the patients achieved scores in poor and low risk status. Also, the overall score for risk of Pus was low, moderate, and high, and very high in 28 (12.7), 81 (36.7), 105 (47.7), and 6 (2.7) of cases, respectively. The total mean +/- SD of patients with and without Pus was 10.18 +/- 0.77 and 13.01 +/- 1.40, respectively. Also, there was a significant difference between patients with and without Pus in terms of the mean +/- SD of scores obtained in all items of this instrument, except friction and shear (P<0.05). Conclusions: Due to the identification of factors affecting the development of pressure ulcers, it is necessary to take the necessary interventions to reduce them
Distribution, genetic diversity, and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis subtypes in pet dogs
No full textThe common intestinal protist, Blastocystis sp., is a highly frequent parasitic agent in human and animal fecal samples, globally. The current study evaluated the prevalence of this parasite and involved subtypes (STs) in examined pet dogs in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. A number of 100 fresh fecal specimens were randomly collected from pet dogs referred to the veterinary clinics and pet shops in Shiraz during July 2021-January 2022. The genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and a conventional PCR was performed. Next, sequencing of the positive samples was done based on the small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene. The results showed that 5 (5 out of 100) of the examined samples were positive for Blastocystis. As anticipated, three known Blastocystis subtypes with zoonotic concern, ST1 (60 , n = 3), ST2 (20 , n = 1) and ST3 (20 , n = 1), were characterized. Based on phylogenetic analysis, these subtypes showed 100 identity with their reference counterparts. In conclusion, the zoonotic subtypes found in pet dogs in Shiraz can pose a drastic challenge to their pet owners and other domestic animals. Albeit the role of dogs as a potential natural reservoir of Blastocystis sp. stays unknown, it appears that these animals could represent possible reservoirs of zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis sp. Still, there is paucity of data on the epidemiology of Blastocystis and its subtypes in dogs in Iran
Prevalence of workplace violence against health care workers in hospital and pre-hospital settings: An umbrella review of meta-analyses
No full textIntroduction: Workplace violence (WPV) is associated with adverse consequences for patients and health care workers (HCWs). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of WPV against HCWs in the hospital and pre-hospital settings. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, data resources including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used for the search. The searches were conducted without any time limit until the end of December 2021. The random-effects model was used for this meta-analysis. I-2 index was used to examine heterogeneity and the Egger test was used to examine publication bias. Results: Of the 255 studies identified, 14 studies entered the umbrella review. The overall prevalence was as follows: WPV (58.7); physical violence (20.8); verbal violence (66.8); and sexual harassment (10.5). Conclusion: The prevalence of WPV and its types against HCWs is relatively high. WPV is associated with physical, psychological, and occupational consequences. Measures should be taken to reduce the consequences of WPV
The Influence of Probiotics Consumption on Management of Prediabetic State: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
No full textPrediabetes consists of the intermediary stage between normal glucose regulation and overt diabetes mellitus and develops when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to confirm a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis (T2DM). Recent evidence suggests that probiotics could be promising approaches to improve this state. In this study, we performed a systematic review to compile the results of clinical trials investigating the effects of pro-/pre-/synbiotics on prediabetes subjects from 2010 to 2020. The article search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, ProQuest, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Search filters were developed using 2 parameters: "prestate diabetes" and "probiotics." Of the 418 studies that were screened, 15 original articles reached the inclusion criteria. Pooling data from these trials showed positive and significant effects of probiotics in the reduction of hyperglycemia, insulin concentration levels, lipid profile, and BMI (Body mass index). Administration of probiotics may provide beneficial and healthful effects in the clinical management of patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Different probiotics compositions have shown beneficial and noticeable effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, BMI, and inflammatory markers in subjects with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and healthy individuals and could be advantageous in recomposing the gut microbiota back into the normal state during the prediabetic state
Bacterial community of chronic rhinosinusitis patients and therapeutic ultrasound efficacy: clinical trial study
No full textBackground and Objectives: Bacterial involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) condition made it difficult to treat using available antibiotic therapy. Therapeutic ultrasound was investigated here to evaluate bacterial diversity and quantity before and after continuous/pulsed ultrasound strategy compared to control patients. Materials and Methods: Totally, 34 CRS patients were studied in three groups, including continuous ultrasound, pulsed ultrasound and control. Bacterial culture and identification were done before and after treatment. Computed tomography scan (CT scan) and questionnaire scores were recorded two times before and after intervention. Results: The most prevalent bacterial isolates were non-hemolytic Streptococci (34 patients), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (33 patients), Gram-negative cocci (26 patients), Staphylococcus aureus (19 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five patients) and Streptococcus pyogenes (five patients). Both continuous and pulsed ultrasound could significantly reduce the quantity of bacterial isolates after treatment. CT scan and questionnaire results support the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound. Conclusion: The quantity of clinically important bacteria was significantly reduced using ultrasound treatment and recovery of patients was supported by CT scan and questionnaire scores. Alternative therapeutic ultrasound could be an effective procedure in CRS patients
Global prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textGiardia duodenalis is an important intestinal parasite responsible for diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Up to now, G. duodenalis infections in cattle have been reported in many studies around the world. Hence, the aim of the present study is to report on the distribution of G. duodenalis in cattle at global scale and to evaluate the global prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of G. duodenalis infection among cattle worldwide. International databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A random-effects meta analysis model was used to estimate the overall and the subgroup-pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis across studies, and the variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by I-2 index. One hundred and fifty-eight articles (including 195 datasets), from 48 countries met eligibility criteria for analysis. Considering detection methods, the pooled prevalence was estimated to be 24 (95 confidence interval (CI), 19-30) using coproantigen techniques, 22 (95 CI, 17-28) using molecular, and 16 (95 CI, 12-20) using microscopic detection. Molecular methods showed that the highest number of reports were associated with assemblage E (45/46; 97.83 studies), assemblage A (33/46; 71.74 studies) and assemblage A+E (10/46; 21.74 studies). The pooled prevalence different of subgroups (WHO regions, countries, and type of cattle) were analyzed separately. Moreover, a significant association was observed between G. duodenalis infection with cattle suffering from diarrhea (odds ratio (OR), 2.61; 95 CI, 1.50-4.55) and pre-weaned calves (OR, 1.79; 95 CI, 1.08-2.95). These results suggest that the corresponding control scheme and effective management measures should be formulated to reduce the transmission of G. duodenalis infection according to the difference of geographical conditions in different areas
Comparison of the Antibody Responses Following Vaccination with AstraZeneca and Sinopharm
No full textBACKGROUND: Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent Coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES: To compare the antibody response of healthy individuals vaccinated with either the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Thirty seven participants were included, of which 17 were administered the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine, while 20 were given the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG levels were checked 4 weeks after giving the first and the second dose of either vaccine using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS: The AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine exhibited a higher levels of anti-(RBD) IgG compared with the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) in both the first (14.51 mug/ml vs. 1.160 mug/ml) and the second (46.68 mug/ml vs. 11.43 mug/ml) doses. About neutralizing Abs, the titer of the antibody was higher in the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) recipients than in the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) subjects after the first (7.77 mug/ml vs. 1.79 mug/ml, p < 0.0001) and the second dose (10. 36 mug/ml vs. 4.88 mug/ml, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Recipients vaccinated with two doses of the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) had superior quantitative antibody levels than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV)-vaccinated subjects. These data suggest that a booster dose may be needed for the Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) recipients, to control the COVID-19 pandemic
A qualitative content analysis for determining indexes and factors affecting for evaluation of disaster exercises immediate feedback stage
No full textBACKGROUND: Taking exercise in health sector is one of the important steps to implement the disaster risk management programs, especially preparedness phase. The present study aimed to identify indexes and factors affecting successful evaluation of disasters preparedness exercises in hot wash stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a qualitative content analysis. Data were collected by purposeful sampling through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 25 health professionals in the field of disasters. The data were analyzed using directed content analysis method by which the initial codes were extracted after transcribing the recorded interviews and immersing them in the data analysis. The initial codes were reviewed, classified, and subdivided into several stages to determine the main classes. RESULTS: The data analysis resulted in the production of 24 initial codes, 5 subcategories, 2 main categories of "evaluation and exercise debriefing" and "modification of programs and promotion of exercise operational functions" under the original theme of "exercise immediate feedback." CONCLUSION: This study can be considered a suitable standard guide for health care organizations to evaluate successfully disasters exercises in hot wash stage, maintain and promote their preparedness, and properly respond to disasters
Standard Triple Therapy as a Remedy for Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textBACKGROUND: H. pylori infection, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases, can cause a severe health problem. Therefore, it seems to be crucial to effectively counter the H. pylori infection by a well-tolerated eradication regimen. However, since discovering H. pylori, the optimal treatment against its disease is still unclear and remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to estimate the efficacy of standard triple therapy for eradicating H. Pylori by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We identified randomized clinical trials RCTs, which consist of triple therapy PPIAC/M Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin/Metronidazole in the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection and reported eradication rate through electronic and manual searches in PubMed, ISI, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register and Scopus databases. Data were analyzed using the random effect model, and we used the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics to assess heterogeneity. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 12. RESULTS: forty-seven RCTs PPIAC: 40 RCTs and PPIAM: 7 RCTs with 4,938 patients selected as eligible for the final analysis. Per-protocol eradication rate was 80% 95% CI: 74-84 and 80% 95% CI: 73-87 for PPIAC and PPIAM regimens, respectively. The eradication rate for PPIAC and PPIAM regimens was 83% 95% CI: 70%-95% and 83% 95% CI: 75%-90% was also 77% 95% CI: 68%-88% and 78% 95% CI: 69%-88% respectively. Based on different treatment durations, the pooled estimates of PP per-protocol analysis treatment outcomes were found the highest in 14-day treatment in both regimens. CONCLUSION: Standard triple therapy PPIAC/M is recommended to be an effective and safe regimen, although adequate data are not available to suggest PPIAC/M as the first-line therapy for H. Pylori infection. Interestingly, our analysis demonstrated that PPIAC/M regi-mens were more effective in Asian than European populations