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Corona virus and elderly social isolation: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: The elderly more than others in the society were affected by the corona epidemic. Social isolation as one of the important consequences of corona pandemic, affected the elderly. This review study was performed with aim to investigate studies related to social isolation of the elderly during the corona virus epidemic. Methods: In this systematic review, to find the article entitled elderly social isolation and Covid-19, the articles published in English from the beginning of the Corona virus pandemic to 2021 were searched in databases of Scopus, ISI (web of science), PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, and Science direct using MeSH and the keywords of "social isolation", "elderly", "loneliness", "coronavirus", "COVID -19", "SARS COVID -2", "pandemic", "elderly", alone and in combination using the operators AND and OR. Results: A total of 11 studies related to Covid-19 and social isolation were included in the study. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic and health policies have exacerbated feelings of loneliness and isolation in the elderly. Loneliness and social isolation in the elderly have increased due to the implementation of preventive protocols such as social distance and quarantine. Conclusion: Attention to approaches which reduce social isolation in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the important interventions that should be considered by government and policy makers to reduce the rate of harm in the elderly and consequently reduce health costs to compensate its side-affects. © 2023, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Relationship between Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses
No full textImproving the mental health of nurses and investigating the factors affecting it leads to the improvement of job performance and the quality of nursing care. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between mental health, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction of nurses in Ilam city in 2022. The present correlational study was carried out on 160 nurses working in educational hospitals of Ilam city and was selected by stratified random sampling in 2022. A four-part questionnaire was used: the first part included a question on demographic information. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (1977), Diener et al.'s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (1985), and Derogatis et al.'s Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-9) (1973) were included in the second, third and the fourth parts, respectively. Results showed no significant relationship between the total score of mental health and the total score of job satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between the total job satisfaction score and life satisfaction score (r=0.267, p=0.001). There was also an inverse and significant relationship between the total mental health score and the life satisfaction score (r=0.294, p=0.001). The collected data was analyzed using descriptive tests (frequency, mean percentage, and standard deviation) and non-parametric Spearman and Kruskal-Walli's correlation tests in SPSS ver. 22. Pvalue<0.05 was considered as the significance level in all tests. Job satisfaction is effective in creating motivation, efficiency, responsibility, and social accountability in the personnel of any organization. Job dissatisfaction can lead to complications such as job burnout, illness, absenteeism, the job left, leaving many nursing jobs, and the reluctance of the young workforce to attend the wards. Therefore, it is necessary to make further efforts in this field by healthcare policymakers
Endovenous Laser Ablation for Varicose Vein Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textVaricose veins are among the common problems affecting the quality of life. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has been introduced as a noninvasive treatment for varicose veins. This study was performed according to the Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocol, and the results were reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MeSH keywords were searched in several online databases. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I-2 index, and the random-effects model. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software version 2. EVLA success, recurrence and recanalization rates were 94.5, 10.3 and 3.6, respectively. EVLA complications in the treatment of varicose veins were ecchymosis (41.3), pain (26.1), bruising (24.2), induration (22.7), edema (8.3), phlebitis (4.8), dyspigmentation (4.1), venous thrombosis (3.7), thrombophlebitis (3.7), paresthesia (3.1), thermal injury (1.8), hematoma (1.7), cellulitis (1.4), bleeding (0.9), infection (0.9), nerve injury (0.9), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (0.6) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) (0.4). The success rate of EVLA increased with an increase in wavelength and peaked at 1470 nm (nm). The highest rate of recurrence and recanalization was at 810 nm and 940 nm, and the lowest was at 1470 nm. EVLA is an effective, less invasive and mostly safe treatment with no need to general anesthesia and also minor complications. The follow-up duration and geographical location of studies also provide insight into the differences in success rate, recurrence and recanalization rate of EVLA
LED-light-driven over ZnO/biochar nanocomposite for activation of peroxymonosulfate to enhanced photocatalytic removal of methyl orange dye in aqueous solutions
No full textOrganic dyes are stable and persistent toxic compounds in the aquatic environment that are refractory to decompose by removal methods such as physico-chemical, optical and biological. Their presence in the aquatic media threatens human and wildlife. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) due to good chemical durability, low cost and good photocatalytic performance was anchored on biochar (ZnO@biochar) nanocomposites were synthesized towards activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) dye. Several methods were used to characterization of the nanocomposites including FESEM, XRD, PL, EDS, FT-IR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results of the techniques demonstrated that the well-dispersed ZnO NPs were loaded onto the biochar surface. According to the particle size distribution graph, the average particle size of 64 nm was obtained for the ZnO NPs. BET analyzes showed that pore volume, the specific surface area (SSA) and average pore size of the synthesized nanocomposite increased. The survey of effective operational parameters indicated that the highest photocatalytic activity for MO removal was in the pH 3 of solution, 5 ppm initial dye concentration, 30 mg ZnO/biochar nanocomposite, and 20 mg PMS dose under LED-50W lamp irradiation (97.03 in the reaction time of 80 min). During the process, the reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Moreover, the MO degradation kinetics under optimal operating conditions were determined. It is concluded that the ZnO@biochar nanocomposite/PMS process was an efficient degradation method for the decomposition of the dye pollutant. GRAPHICS
abkBA toxin-antitoxin system may act as antipersister modules in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
No full textAim: Persistence cells comprise a subpopulation of bacteria that is resistant to treatment. In this study, the role of the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in the formation of persistence cells of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates was investigated. Methods: After confirming all isolates, TA systems abkBA, mqsRA and higBA were identified. Persister cells were confirmed using the standard method. Real-time PCR was used to compare the expression of TA systems in isolates in persistence and normal states. Results: The abkAB system was present in all isolates; 4 of isolates formed persister cells. The expression level of the abkB gene in persistent isolates showed a sevenfold increase compared with nonpersistent isolates. Conclusion: The abkBA system is proposed as an antipersistence target in A. baumannii isolates. Tweetable abstractThe abkBA toxin-antitoxin system is likely involved in the persistence phenotype in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Plain language summaryAlthough antibiotics remain the easiest and best way to treat infectious diseases, due to their inappropriate use, the occurrence of drug-resistant infections is an important health challenge. For this reason, finding ways to control infectious diseases without antibiotics is a necessity. One way that this can be done is to target systems within the bacteria, like the recently discovered toxin-antitoxin system, which can be considered a future target for the treatment of resistant infectious diseases
Radiation exposure to family members of patients treated with radioactive iodine (I-131): a systematic review and meta-analysis (May, 10.1007/s40336-023-00561-9, 2023)
No full textBenefits, barriers, and facilitators of using speech recognition technology in nursing documentation and reporting: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground and AimNursing reports are necessary for clinical communication and provide an accurate reflection of nursing assessments, care provided, changes in clinical status, and patient-related information to support the multidisciplinary team to provide individualized care. Nurses always face challenges in recording and documenting nursing reports. Speech recognition systems (SRS), as one of the documentation technologies, can play a potential role in recording medical reports. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the barriers, benefits, and facilitators of utilizing speech recognition technology in nursing reports. Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional was conducted through a researcher-made questionnaire in 2022. Invitations were sent to 200 ICU nurses working in the three educational hospitals of Imam Reza (AS), Qaem and Imam Zaman in Mashhad city (Iran), 125 of whom accepted our invitation. Finally, 73 nurses included the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. ResultsAccording to the nurses, "paperwork reduction" (3.96, +/- 1.96), "performance improvement" (3.96, +/- 0.93), and "cost reduction" (3.95, +/- 1.07) were the most common benefits of using the SRS. "Lack of specialized, technical, and experienced staff to teach nurses how to work with speech recognition systems" (3.59, +/- 1.18), "insufficient training of nurses" (3.59, +/- 1.11), and "need to edit and control quality and correct documents" (3.59, +/- 1.03) were the most common barriers to using SRS. As well as "ability to fully review documentation processes" (3.62, +/- 1.13), "creation of integrated data in record documentation" (3.58, +/- 1.15), "possibility of error correction for nurses" (3.51, +/- 1.16) were the most common facilitators. There was no significant relationship between nurses' demographic information and the benefits, barriers, and facilitators. ConclusionsBy providing information on the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of using this technology, hospital managers, nursing managers, and information technology managers of healthcare centers can make more informed decisions in selecting and implementing SRS for nursing report documentation. This will help to avoid potential challenges that may reduce the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of the systems
Nurses and midwives' sleep quality and its associated factors during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
No full textObjectives: Good sleep quality is crucial for medical staff especially nurses and midwives to pre-vent possible errors and injuries during the providing care. The aim here is to investigate the sleep quality of nurses and midwives during the early corona pandemic and its related factors.Methods: An online observational and cross-sectional study included 340 medical staff who engaged in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection in 2020. Participants completed questionnaires about working characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Social Support Indexes (SSI). Pearson's correlation analysis and Multivariate logistic regression identi-fied the interactions between these factors.Results: The mean PSQI and SSI were 8.4 +/- 4.46 and 28.6 +/- 13.29, respectively, indicating poor sleep quality and moderate social support. The condition of the participants was serious in terms of sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbance. More than half of the participants reported severe and very serious daytime dysfunction. Poor sleep quality was more common, in nurses than in mid-wives (OR:0.074, CI; 0.032-0.098, P < 0.001), nurses working in intensive care units than in other wards (OR:1.082, CI; 1.003-4.023, P = 0.005), in people who had long shifts (OR:1.757, CI; 1.123-4.323, P = 0.003), and in people working more than 5 years (OR:4.949, CI; 1.673-6.023, P = 0.028). Social support has a statistically significant relationship with the quality of sleep (OR:0.013, CI; 0.001-0.244, P = 0.004). Conclusion: The sleep quality of the medical staff has been impaired during the epidemic period, especially among nurses. Targeting staff who are more prone to sleep disturbance, such as nurses with longer work experience, helps us design an optimal strategy to support them through sleep hygiene education
Investigating the Prevalence of Delirium as a Psychiatry Disorder in Patients Undergoing Hip Joint Surgery
No full textBackground: Delirium is a severe organic disorder in the brain and a type of disorder in the cognitive state associated with reduced attention and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing hip joint surgery.Methods: In cross sectional study, the patient's demographic profile form and a checklist of intervening factors designed which were used to measure the prevalence of delirium. The researcher checked the delirium status of the patients on the day before the surgery, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery, and at the time of discharge. Ethical criteria in the research included obtaining informed consent of patients, keeping patients confidential, notifying the delirium status patients to the attending physician for further actions, and not imposing costs on patients. The data were analyzed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and analytical tests.Results: Result showed, the overall prevalence of delirium in patients was equal to 58 (46.4), and 92 (73.6) of patients without a spouse, 112 (89.6) of patients with poor economic status, 63 (50.4) of smoking patients, 14 (11.2) with a history of drug use, 54 (43.2) with a history of hospitalization in the ICU. Also, the mean (SD) age of the patients was 75.44 (8.43).Conclusions: According to the findings, the prevalence of delirium in patients with hip joint surgery was high, that is why it is necessary to carry out preventive interventions to reduce delirium in these patients. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 24 (1) January, 2023; 1-6
The global prevalence of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a gastrointestinal pathogen that infects around half of the world's population. H. pylori infection is the most severe known risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), which is the second highest cause of cancer-related deaths globally. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of GC in H. pylori-infected individuals.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies of the prevalence of GC in H. pylori-infected individuals published from 1 January 2011 to 20 April 2021. Metaprop package were used to calculate the pooled prevalence with 95 confidence interval. Random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence. We also quantified it with the I-2 index. Based on the Higgins classification approach, I-2 values above 0.7 were determined as high heterogeneity.ResultsAmong 17,438 reports screened, we assessed 1053 full-text articles for eligibility; 149 were included in the final analysis, comprising data from 32 countries. The highest and lowest prevalence was observed in America (pooled prevalence: 18.06; 95 CI: 16.48 - 19.63; I-2: 98.84) and Africa (pooled prevalence: 9.52; 95 CI: 5.92 - 13.12; I-2: 88.39). Among individual countries, Japan had the highest pooled prevalence of GC in H. pylori positive patients (Prevalence: 90.90:95 CI: 83.61-95.14), whereas Sweden had the lowest prevalence (Prevalence: 0.07; 95 CI: 0.06-0.09). The highest and lowest prevalence was observed in prospective case series (pooled prevalence: 23.13; 95 CI: 20.41 - 25.85; I2: 97.70) and retrospective cohort (pooled prevalence: 1.17; 95 CI: 0.55 - 1.78; I 2: 0.10).ConclusionsH. pylori infection in GC patients varied between regions in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We observed that large amounts of GCs in developed countries are associated with H. pylori. Using these data, regional initiatives can be taken to prevent and eradicate H. pylori worldwide, thus reducing its complications