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Clinical outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft in patients with diabetes and non-diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground and aim: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent risk factor for developing coronary artery disease which worsens the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes and non-diabetic patients who underwent off-pump CABG surgery.Method: Medline, Scopus, Proquest, Embase, Web of Science, and Google scholar were searched until September 10, 2021. The effect sizes including unstandardized mean difference and odds ratio with 95 confidence interval were calculated using "Metan" package. The Cochran's Q-test and I2 statistic were used to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect sizes, and meta-regression was used to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies.Results: 10 studies with 6200 sample sizes were included in the study. In groups with diabetes, Summary odds ratio (SOR) and 95 confidence interval of infection was 2.18 more than non-diabetic groups. Also, odds renal complication was 1.74 more than non-diabetic groups, and the odds cardiovascular compli-cation in groups with diabetes was 1.30 more than non-diabetics. There were no differences in mortality, neurologic, respiratory and surgical complications between groups with diabetes and non-diabetics. Based on meta-regression results, age (Coefficient: 0.942; p 1/4 0.009) had a significant direct relation-ship and sample size (Coefficient: 0.001; p 1/4 0.009) had an indirect significant relationship with het-erogeneity of neurologic outcomes. There was no significant publication bias in our results.Conclusion: Our study revealed that off-pump CABG led to some significant outcomes in patients with diabetes compared to non-diabetics. Renal and infection complications were higher in patients with diabetes but no significant differences were seen in most of other postoperative outcomes between the two groups.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Diabetes India
The Perception and Attitude of Using Herbal Antianxiety and Antidepressant Drugs in Medical Students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences during 2021
No full textBackground: According to the more side effects of chemical drugs, it's worthy to let's spend our energy knowing more about medicinal herbs until perception and attitude checking towards the use of herbal antianxiety and antidepressant drugs in medical students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. People in the study were 40 medical students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. The study population was randomly selected from boy and girl medical students. Questionnaires were adjusted based on the partial goals and research questions of design. The questions were designed in three categories of operation, belief, and knowledge about the use of antianxiety and antidepressant herbs.Results: The results of this study showed that 70 of medical students do not recommend herbs for the treatment of anxiety and depression. And 60 of them prefer to use antianxiety and antidepressant herbs to treat their anxiety and depression. Also, 70 of medical students believe that herbs for anxiety and depression should be prescribed under medical care and 80 of them believe that herbal medicines are effective for anxiety and depression. 65 of medical students have aware that herbs for anxiety and depression are harmless, and 85 of them are aware that medical herbs are effective in treating anxiety and depression. Hypericum perforatum L., Crocus sativus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Valeriana officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Thymbera spicata L., Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Elissa officinalis L., Viola odorata L., Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and Aloysia aloysioides Loes. & Moldenke are used in both cases of depression and agitation too. Rosemary, Sanibal al-Tayyib, and savory plants are used in anxiety, and lemon, fennel, thyme, and violet performance are used in depression.Conclusion: In general performance, belief, and attitude of medical students besides the use of anti-anxiety and antidepressant herbs were relatively good, but it's suggested that the relevant authorities pay more attention to this article including the group media and universities
Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the endometrial receptivity and implantation sites of the mouse uterus
No full textObjective: This research investigated the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the implantation rate and embryo attachment in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, a DNA fragment of the HCG gene was cloned into an expression vector, which was transfected into PB-MCs. The concentration of the produced HCG was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Embryo attachment was investi-gated on the co-cultured endometrial cells and PBMCs in vitro. As an in vivo experiment, intrauterine administration of PBMCs was done in plaque-positive female mice. Studied mice were distributed into five groups: control, embryo implantation dysfunction (EID), EID with pro-duced HCG, EID with PBMCs, and EID with HCG-producing PBMCs. Uterine horns were excised to characterize the number of implantation sites and pregnancy rate on day 7.5 post-coitum. During an implantation window, the mRNA expression of genes was evaluated using re-al-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: DNA fragments were cloned between the BamHI and EcoRI sites in the vector. About 465 pg/mL of HCG was produced in the trans-fected PBMCs. The attachment rate, pregnancy rate, and the number of implantation sites were substantially higher in the HCG-producing PBMCs group than in the other groups. Significantly elevated expression of the target genes was observed in the EID with HCG-producing PBMCs group.Conclusion: Alterations in gene expression following the intrauterine injection of HCG-producing PBMCs, could be considered a possible cause of increased embryo attachment rate, pregnancy rate, and the number of implantation sites
Introducing a User-Friendly Technique for Treatment of Palatally-Impacted Canines with the Aid of Temporary Anchorage Devices
No full textTreatment of impacted canine teeth is a challenge for most clinicians, especially in adult patients with high risk of ankylosis. Conventionally, leveling and alignment of the teeth are first performed and after heavy arch wire placement in slot of brackets, de-impaction force is applied. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as inability to detect ankylosis of the impacted tooth until load application, risk of root resorption of incisors or necrosis of them, distortion of dental arch form, the need for early extraction of primary canines, which is esthetically unfavorable for patients, and long-term presence of fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. This study aims to introduce approach that can be easily used by busy clinicians to guide palatally impacted canines into the dental arch using a cantilever spring supported by two palatal miniscrews prior to the initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment, and report some cases treated with this technique. This technique does not have the shortcomings of the conventional technique. In addition, the total duration of treatment, and duration of presence of orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity are shorter than the conventional technique. In addition, is less technique sensitive and do not need time complex and time consuming wire bending
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of Morphine, Methadone, Digoxin, and Dronabinol Poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran
No full textThe article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal "Current Drug Research Reviews". Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication
Correction: comparing the expression levels of tripartite motif containing 28 in mild and severe COVID-19 infection (Virology Journal, (2022), 19, 1, (156), 10.1186/s12985-022-01885-0)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article 1, the authors identified an error in the author name of Sana Eybpoosh. The incorrect author name is: Sana Eaybpoush. The correct author name is: Sana Eybpoosh. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2022
PER and TEM Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii from Clinical Samples in Ilam, Iran
No full textAcinetobacter baumannii is a common and opportunistic pathogen in hospitals. Intrinsic drug resistance and acquired resistance features have caused high drug resistance in this pathogen. The current research evaluated the antimicrobial resistance profile and identified the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing A. baumannii isolates by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Totally seventy-three A. baumannii isolates were collected from various wards in hospitals and confirmed by standard phenotypic methods during winter 2021. For all isolates approved as A. baumannii, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Next, the combined disk method was used to identify ESBL-producing isolates, and finally, the presence of blaTEM and blaPER was investigated in ES-BL-positive isolates with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 73 A. baumannii isolates, 58 isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotics and most of them were isolated from the ICU wards. The phenotypic test showed that 56 isolates were ESBL-producing (ESBL-positive). PCR screening revealed that 69.9 and 25 of ESBL-positive isolates contained blaTEM and blaPER genes, respectively. The high resistance to most antibiotics and the high prevalence of ESBLs-producing isolates detected in the current study may be due to the overuse or unsuitable use of antibiotics in this region. Therefore, paying more attention is needed to the prescribing practices for different antibiotics. © 2022, Bulgarian Society for Microbiology (Union of Scientists in Bulgaria). All rights reserved
Controlling the Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediated Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) Through the Use of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaves Extract
No full textTreatment failure and persistent infection are two serious problems that result from Staphylococcus aureus having decreased vancomycin susceptibility. The present study investigates the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves extract on the growth and quorum sensing (QS) of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus hVISA isolates. Real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to determine the transcriptional changes of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in the (hVISA) strain after and before being treated with the R. officinalis leaves extract. The antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined through the use of a microtitre plate test (MtP); with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.7 mg/ml against hVISA, a rosemary leaves extract has a high level of inhibitory activity. However, the extraction of essential oils is done in a soxhlet apparatus by using ethanol 96. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and revealed the most common chemicals containing verbenone, 36.20, and 1,8-cineol (Eucalyptol), 12.14. Finally, after treatment with sub-MIC concentration, hld gene levels significantly decreased in hVISA strains (a mean of 0.4-fold) in comparison to the control strains (1.0-fold) in late-exponential phases, regardless of whether the agr mutation is present. The down regulation of the hld gene may be a significant genetic event in the hVISA strain. © 2022 University of Kerbala
Effects of negative air ions (NAIs) on Leishmania major: A novel tool for treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL)
No full textBACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) that causes high morbidity in the tropics and sub-tropics. Despite the remarkable advancements in the treatment of CL, the available therapeutics are far from ideal and also cause serious adverse side effects. Negative air ions (NAIs) generators are widely available for domestic and industrial uses. Several studies have reported on positive effects of NAIs therapy on human health as a non-pharmaceutical treatment for respiratory disease, allergy, or stress-related health conditions, including infectious diseases. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the effectiveness of the NAIs therapy against Leishmania parasites. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of NAIs therapy on Leishmania major (L. major) the causative agent of CL in in vitro and in a murine model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In vitro anti-leishmanial effects of NAIs therapy were measured by parasitological methods. NAIs therapy was assessed in vivo in L. major infected BALB/c mice by measuring the footpad (FP) lesion size and parasite load using metric caliper tool and qPCR, respectively. Immune responses in treated and non-treated mice were assessed by measuring the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, NO and arginase activity. In vitro NAIs therapy significantly decreased the viability of Leishmania promastigotes and of amastigotes cultured in macrophages, but did not affect the host cells. NAIs therapy of L. major infected BALB/c mice resulted in reduced FP lesion size, diminished parasite burden, and importantly decreased induction of IL-4 and arginase activity in the presence of NAIs. In contrast IFN-gamma and NO levels were significantly enhanced. NAIs therapy significantly diminished the progression of disease compared to the control group, but was less effective than amphotericin B treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that NAIs treatment was effective in vitro and in Leishmania-infected mice, elicited a T-helper 1 (Th1) response and increased efficient cellular immunity, resulting in a diminished parasite load. Therefore, NAIs therapy can be considered as a useful and safe tool that can contribute to clearing L. major infections without inducing toxicity in host cells. The applications and mechanisms of NAIs therapy warrant further investigation especially in humans suffering from CL