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Correction to: Anti-biofilm properties of eucalyptol in combination with antifungals against Candida albicans isolates in patients with hematological malignancy (Archives of Microbiology, (2022), 204, 6, (295), 10.1007/s00203-022-02911-z)
No full textIn the original publication, the affiliation 1 was published incorrectly. The correct affiliation is Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Explanation of COVID-19 Mortality Using Artificial Neural Network Based on Underlying and Laboratory Risk Factors in Ilam, Iran
No full textThe spread of new waves of coronavirus outbreaks, high mortality rates, and time-consuming and numerous challenges in achieving collective safety through vaccination and the need to prioritize the allocation of vaccines to the general population have led to the continued identification of risk factors associated with mortality in patients through innovative strategies and new statistical models. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict morbidity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data of 2,206 patients were extracted from the registry program of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran, and were randomly analyzed in two training (1,544) and testing (662) groups. By fitting different models of a three-layer neural network, 12 variables could explain more than 77 of the mortality variance in COVID-19 patients. These findings could be used to better mortality management, vaccination prioritization, public education, and quarantine, and allocation of intensive care beds to reduce COVID-19 mortality. The results also confirmed the power of a better explanation of ANN models to predict the mortality of patients. Copyright © 2022 by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institut
Intravenous immunoglobulin and treatment in COVID-19 patients: case series
No full textIntroduction:Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is one of the drugs used to treat COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.Materials and methods:The patients received IVIG before being intubated. The patients' symptoms, disease severity, clinical features, and chest computed tomography findings were compared between before and after the treatment.Results:Out of 62 patients who received IVIG, 35 patients (56.5) were male, and 27 patients (43.5) were female. Overall, 13 (21) patients died, and 49 (79) recovered and were discharged from the hospital.Conclusion:IVIG can be used as an effective drug to save patients' lives before they enter the intubation phase. © 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved
Radiographic Findings of Congenital Facial Infiltrating Lipomatosis: A Case Report
No full textCongenital diffuse infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CDIL-F) is a rare clinicopathological entity with an unknown etiology, in which mature adipose tissue infiltrates the soft tissue structures in one side, and causes considerable asymmetry. Herein, we report a case of CDIL-F who underwent many surgical procedures without definite diagnosis during 12 years. CDIL-F presents symptoms with various severity levels due to infiltration of adipose tissue that makes removal difficult. Thus, it is recommended to inform patients about the high rate of recurrence. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Attitudes toward and willingness to work with older people and its predicting factor among medical science students in Iran
No full textPurpose: As the aging population increases steadily, the demands for specialized nurses and geriatricians willing to work in geriatric settings will probably explode. Accordingly, the medical sciences students’ attitude toward older adults and their willingness to work with them must be determined. This study aims to determine the medical sciences students’ attitude toward older people and its relationship with their willingness to work with this population. In addition, it sought to determine the variables that could predict students’ attitudes toward the elderly. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional design using a stratified random sampling method was used to recruit a sample of 305 Iranian medical sciences students with a response rate of 97.4. The instruments for data collection were composed of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics of participants, Kogan’s Attitudes toward Old People Scale and the Willingness to Work with Elderly People Scale (WEPS). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 (IBM SPSS statistics 23.0). Findings: The participants’ mean (SD) age was 22.95 (2.53). Most of them (69) were women, and 51 were nursing students. The findings showed that 70 of students had a slightly positive attitude toward the elderly and only 12.8 of them declared geriatric setting as their workplace preference in the future. Experience of volunteering activities with elders, WEPS score, workplace preference after graduation and gender were the predictors of medical science students’ attitudes toward the elderly. Originality/value: This paper further develops previous research on the attitudes of Iranian medical sciences students toward older adults. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited
Efficacy and safety of sotrovimab in patients with COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis
No full textThe therapeutic potential of sotrovimab in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sotrovimab in COVID-19 patients. To this end, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 August 2022. The reference lists of key studies were also scanned to find additional records. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Seventeen studies involving 27,429 patients were included. A significant difference was observed in mortality rate (odds ratio OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25-0.63, p = 0.00), hospitalisation rate (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.43-0.65. p = 0.00), hospital or death rate (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.25-0.73, p = 0.00), the need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.96, p = 0.03), and ICU admission (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.17-0.67, p = 0.00) of the sotrovimab-receiving group compared to those having no sotrovimab. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of disease progression (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.16-1.24, p = 0.12) and emergency department visit (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.83-1.24, p = 0.87). The two groups had no significant difference in terms of incidence of adverse events (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.78-1.23, p = 0.88). The findings of the present meta-analysis support that sotrovimab could be an effective and safe treatment option to reduce mortality and hospitalisation rate in both Delta and Omicron Variants of COVID-19
The effect of COVID-19 derived cytokine storm on cancer cells progression: double-edged sword
No full textObjective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) was first detected in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. The emerging virus causes a respiratory illness, that can trigger a cytokine storm in the body. Method Cytokine storm in patient's body is associated with severe forms of disease. It is one of the main complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), in which immune cells play a major role. Studies have shown immune cells in the tumor environment can be effective to induce resistance to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Result Therefore, considering the role of immune cells to induce cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, and their role to cause resistance to chemotherapy, they are effective on disease progression and creation of severe form of disease. Conclusion By examining the signaling pathways and inducing resistance to chemotherapy in tumor cells and the cells affect them, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of severe forms of the disease in cancer patients with COVID-19; it is applicable using target therapy and other subsequent treatment strategies
Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated with orange pectin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers
No full textThe current work reports a unique bio-inspired synthesis of orange derived pectin modified magnetite IP: 5 10 31 211 On Wed 29 Mar 2023 13 15:49 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). Pectinis a naurally ocurring bopolymer containing plethora of polar organo-Copy ght: American Scientific Publishers functions which are exploited in the toxic reagnt fe modificaion of biocompatible magnetic NPs and also Delivered by Ingenta towards the stabilization of NPs by preventing them from agglomeration. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared bio-nanocomposite (Fe3O4@Pectin) was analytically investigated through SEM, EDX, TEM, VSM and XRD. The anti-gastrointestinal system cancers and cytotoxic potentials of synthesized NPs against cancer cell lines were assessed. The anti-gastrointestinal system cancers potentials of the NPscould signifi-cantly remove (HT-29, HCT 116, Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 (Colorectal cancer)), (Capan-2, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, HPAF-II (Pancreatic cancer)), (GC1436, GC1401, AGS, and GC1415 (Gastric cancer)) cell lines by MTT assay. The corresponding IC50 were found as 13, 8, 16, 15, 11, 12, 15, 15, 23, 36, 30, and 23 mu g/mL against HT-29, HCT 116, Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8, Capan-2, AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, HPAF-II, GC1436, GC1401, AGS, and GC1415 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of Fe3O4@Pectin NPswas determined by DPPH method which displayeda significant activity as per IC50 value. It is believed that the antioxidant effects play a significant role in the considerable anti-colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancerseffects
Engineering a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Leishmania infantum using comprehensive Immunoinformatics methods
No full textVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease with particular endemicity in over 80 countries worldwide. There is no approved human vaccine against VL in the market. This study was aimed at designing and evaluation of a multimeric vaccine candidate against Leishmania infantum through utilization of helper T lymphocyte (HTL) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunodominant proteins from histone H1, KMP11, LACK and LeIF antigens. Top-ranked mouse MHC-I, MHC-II binders and CTL epitopes were predicted and joined together via spacers. Also, a TLR-4 agonist (RS-09 synthetic protein) and His-tag were added to the N- and C-terminal of the vaccine sequence, respectively. The final chimeric vaccine had a length of 184 amino acids with a molecular weight of 18.99 kDa. Physico-chemical features showed a soluble, highly-antigenic and non-allergenic candidate. Secondary and tertiary structures were predicted, and subsequent analyses confirmed the construct stability that was capable to properly interact with TLR-4/MD2 receptor. Immunoinformatics simulation displayed potent stimulation of T cell immune responses, with particular rise in IFN-gamma, upon vaccination with the proposed multi-epitope candidate. In conclusion, immunoinformatics data demonstrated a highly antigenic vaccine candidate in mouse, which could develop considerable levels clearance mechanisms and other components of cellular immune profile, and can be directed for VL prophylactic purposes
Factors associated with the salt intake behaviors in women in a high-salt intake setting
No full textPurpose The high prevalence of hypertension is a significant concern worldwide. A decrease in salt intake is a well-known strategy to control hypertension and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the factors influencing salt intake behaviors in settings such as Iran where consumption of salt is higher than the recommended amount. The purpose of this study was to find out what factors affect three salt intake behaviors among women: adding salt when cooking, adding salt to prepared food at the table and purchasing salty foods. Design/methodology/approach A community-wide cross-sectional survey of 516 women was conducted in Ilam, Iran. Participants were recruited using the cluster random sampling method. The survey included behaviors and variables of an expanded theory of planned behavior. The hypothesized relationships were investigated using structural equation modeling. Findings Perceived behavioral control (PBC) (p < 0.001) and habit (p = 0.01) appeared to be significant factors of adding salt when cooking. Determinants of adding salt to food at the table were intention (p < 0.001), PBC (p < 0.001), habit (p < 0.001). Also, PBC (p < 0.001), intention (p < 0.001), habit (p < 0.001) were identified as predictors of the purchase of salty foods. The results did not support the moderating role of Hedonic feeling to salt on the relation between intention and behaviors. Originality/value This study would be applicable to develop salt reduction interventions. Because altering the hedonic response to food is difficult, the lack of its moderating role could be a promising finding for developing salt reduction interventions