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Separation and quantification of diazinon in water samples using liquid-phase microextraction-based effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent method coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection
No full textThis study used a liquid-phase microextraction-based effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent method coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection as an eco-efficient, convenient-to-use, cost-effective, sensitive, rapid, and efficient method for extracting, preconcentrating, and quantifying trace amounts of diazinon in river water samples. As a switchable solvent, triethylamine (TEA) was used. In situ generation of CO(2) using effervescent tablet containing Na(2) CO(3) and citric acid changed the hydrophobic TEA to the hydrophilic protonated triethylamine carbonate (P-TEA-C). CO(2) removal from the specimen solution using NaOH caused P-TEA-C to be converted into TEA and led to phase separation, during which diazinon was extracted into the TEA phase. The salting-out process was helpful in enhancing extraction efficiency. In addition, a number of significant parameters that affect extraction recovery were examined. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.06 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. The extraction recovery percentage and pre-concentration factor were obtained at 95 and 190, respectively, and the precision (inter- and intra-day, relative standard deviation , n = 5) was <5
Novel Information Regarding the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textOBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infects at least 50 of the world's human population. The current study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of triple versus quadruple therapy. METHODS: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) consisting of triple and quadruple therapy were identified through electronic and manual searches in the national and international online databases (IsI, Magiran, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus). The random-effects model was applied to pool analysis. Funnel plots and the Egger test were used to examine publication bias. RESULTS: After a detailed review of the selected articles, 79 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis; it was based on using triple and quadruple therapy as the first and second-line treatment. The results showed that quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment had a higher eradication rate than triple therapy. Overall, the eradication rate with triple therapy was 74 (95 CI, 71-77) for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 80 (95 CI, 77-82) for per-protocol (PP) analysis. Generally, the eradication rate with quadruple therapy was 82 (95 CI, 78.0-86.0) for ITT analysis and 85 (95 CI, 82.0-89.0) for PP analysis. The analysis also revealed that quadruple therapy was more effective for 7 or 10 days. CONCLUSION: The current study results demonstrated that quadruple therapy has better effectiveness than triple therapy as the first-line treatment; however, in the second-line treatment, the effectiveness of quadruple and triple regimens is almost similar. The effectiveness of quadruple therapy in the Asian population was found to be slightly higher than that of triple therapy, while this difference was considerably higher in the European population
Volatile fatty acids and ammonia recovery, simultaneously cathodic hydrogen production and increasing thermophilic dark fermentation of food waste efficiency
No full textA combined thermophilic anaerobic bioreactor of food waste and bioelectrodialysis system was used to recover volatile fatty acids and ammonia as renewable materials and also to remove the inhibitory effect of biohydrogen production byproducts. Different configurations of bioelectrodialysis system under various amounts of inlet food waste and external electrical currents were examined were investigated to find out the best conditions for system performance. When the two anion exchange membranes (AEM) were installed on the anode and cathode sides of separation chamber, 12 mL min-1 of mixed liquid was circulated between fermenter and separation chamber, while the external energy of 2.7 V and 0.2 M NaCl as electrolyte were used in the electrodialysis chambers. As long as the food waste with 70000 mg COD L-1 was used in the fermenter, the concertation of organic acids in the recovery chamber was the highest, 507.3 mg L-1 after 24th h. As a result, 0.63 L L-1 biohydrogen and 50 mL cathodic hydrogen were produced. When a cation exchange membrane was embedded on the cathode side of the separation chamber, the ammonia concertation in the recovery chamber was the highest, 518 mg L-1, at 36th h. At the same time, the chemical oxygen demand of the anode solution was decreased by about 3600 mg L-1. This sustainable and bioelectrical system can recover organic acids and ammonia, cathodic hydrogen production, while simultaneously increase biohydrogen production and efficient even when substrate concentration was higher. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LL
Amelioration of amyloid beta (A beta 1-40) neurotoxicity by administration of silibinin; a behavioral and biochemical assessment
No full textObjective(s): Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death in the world. Currently, treatment mostly used to slow down the disease progression. Herbal remedies are considered by many in the community as a natural and safe treatment with fewer side effects. Silibinin, the active ingredient of Silybum marionum, has anti-oxidant, neurotrophic and neuroprotective characteristics. Therefore, here, the effect of different doses of Silibinin extract on oxidative stress and expression of neurotrophic factors was investigated.Materials and Methods: Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, lesion; A beta 140 injection, lesion-treatment; A beta 1-40 injection followed by different doses of silibinin (50, 100, 200 mg / kg) through gavage and lesion-vehicle group; A beta 1-40 injection + vehicle of silibinin. Morris water Maze (MWM) was done 28 days after the last treatment. Hippocampal tissue was removed for biochemical analysis. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of BDNF/VEGF and cell viability were measured using Griess, fluorimetry, Western blotting and MTT techniques.Results: Different concentrations of silibinin improved behavioral performance in animals. Higher doses of Silibinin could improve memory and learning function through MWM. Also, increasing the concentration of silibinin resulted in decreased ROS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Consequently, silibinin may act as a potential candidate for alleviating symptoms of AD
The role of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the induction of cancer: a systematic review of insight into their mechanisms
No full textEnvironmental pollution caused by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has increased the challenge for the scientific communities. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), classified as POPs, are widely applied in various materials as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Because of the nature of these chemical compounds including toxicity, stability, and capability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, PBDEs have posed a great challenge and risk to human health and wildlife. Therefore, the side effects of exposure to PBDEs as ubiquitous pollutants in the environment on cancer progression were investigated using a systematic review (SR) survey. To achieve this goal, forty studies were considered after defining the search terms and inclusion criteria, and/or exclusion criteria; the eligible records were collected from the international bibliographic databases. Based on the findings of the reviewed records, environmental exposure to the BFRs including PBDEs has a positive association with different mechanisms that induce cancer progression. However, the findings of the reviewed studies were not totally consistent with the mode of action and side effects are yet to be fully elucidated. Several articles have reported that BFRs can be carcinogenic and induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition via different mechanisms. The main mode of action involved in the environmental exposure to BFRs and the risk of cancer progression is endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress (OS). Generally, the imbalance of antioxidant mechanisms, reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs), during damage in cells, and stress caused OS, which increases tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms, such as DNA damage, inflammation, and angiogenesis
Potential Role of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for Preventing Kidney Stones
No full textBackground: A probiotic is a living microorganism that promotes host health when grown under appropriate con-ditions. Kidney stones are one of the universal agonizing diseases that have increased dramatically in recent years. One of the causes of this disease is hyperoxaluria (HOU), which is known to be an important factor in the forma-tion of oxalate stones and is manifested by high levels of oxalate in the urine. In addition, about 80 of kidney stones contain oxalate, and decomposition of this material by microbes is one way to dispose of it.Methods: Therefore, we examined a bacterial mixture containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lac-tobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium longum to prevent of oxalate production in Wistar rats with kidney stones. We divided the rats into 6 groups defined in the method.Results: The results of this study clearly show a decrease in urinary oxalate levels by exogenous means by L. plan-tarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus, and B. longum at the beginning of the experiment. Therefore, these bacteria can be used to control and prevent the formation of kidney stones.Conclusions: However, further studies should be conducted on the effects of these bacteria, and it is recommended to identify the gene responsible for the degradation of oxalate in order to develop a new probiotic
Incidence Trend of Lung Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textContext: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the common diseases in the pulmonary system, which is defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung tissue.Objectives: The present investigation was conducted with the aim of the prevalence of LC in Iran by meta-analysis method.Methods: In this meta-analysis study, the articles that were conducted to determine age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) in the field of LC were included in the study. The inclusion criteria included determining the number of ASRs in Iranian LC patients, reporting the sample size in men and women groups, and publishing articles between 2000 and January 2023. Data were analyzed, using CMA software.Results: In this meta-analysis study, 889 articles were found in the initial search, and after the final search, 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis stage. Out of the 22 final articles, the prevalence of LC was 3.7 (95 CI, 2.6 -5.3) in women and 7.1 (95 CI, 5.7 -9) in males.Conclusions: Considering that the incidence rate of LC in this study was high, it is essential to carry out necessary preventive inter-ventions in this field
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies to Study the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy for Varicose Vein Treatment
No full textVaricose veins are common disorders that affect the quality of life of sufferers due to the symptoms they cause. The efficacy of different varicose vein treatments has been studied extensively, with varying success rates. Less invasive treatments, such as sclerotherapy, can be mentioned among the proposed therapies. This study investigates the efficacy of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) for treating varicose veins. In this study, the results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocol. By searching in 11 databases as well as the Google Scholar search engine using the keywords "varicose vein," "foam sclerotherapy," "occlusion," "success," "Duplex-guided foam sclerotherapy," "efficacy," and "Ultrasound-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy," randomized clinical trial (RCT) and cohort articles published until July 2022 were collected. The required information was extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) software version 2. Data analysis of 35 randomized clinical trial articles showed that the success rate of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins is 78 (95 CI: 73-83; P value < 0.001) (I-2 = 89.11, P value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that the success of this method is more in the form of sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol 2 foam and in a period of fewer than 3 months from the start of treatment and in the Asian race. Also, the analysis of 8 cohort studies showed that the success rate of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins is 81 (95 CI: 65-91; P value < 0.001). The most prevalent complications of this method in the treatment of varicose veins were induration, thrombophlebitis, bruising, dyspigmentation, hematoma, pain, and phlebitis. Present study illustrated that the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins is high. However, it was significantly less successful than published meta-analyses on other less invasive methods such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Also, this method showed more major complications than our previous study on the effect of endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of varicose veins. Factors such as foam type, follow-up duration, and racial differences can affect the study's results
Relationship between CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms on the vitamin D receptor gene with susceptibility to different SARS-CoV-2 variants
No full textSeveral studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In individuals with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, vitamin D receptor activation is required to decrease acute respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients with various SARS-CoV-2 variants. For genotyping of CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms, we used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique in 1734 and 1450 recovered and deceased patients, respectively. The results indicated the rate of COVID-19 mortality was associated with CDX2 rs11568820 AA and GA genotypes in the Delta variant and with CDX2 rs11568820 AA in the Omicron BA.5 variant, while no association was shown in the Alpha variant. Therefore, the rate of COVID-19 mortality was associated with EcoRV rs4516035 TC and CC genotypes in the Delta variant, while no association was shown in the Alpha and Omicron BA.5 variants. According to our analysis, the T-G haplotype was more common in all SARS-CoV-2 variants. The C-A haplotype was associated with COVID-19 mortality in the Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants, and the T-A haplotype was related to the Alpha variant. In conclusion, the genotype frequencies of the CDX2 rs11568820 and EcoRV rs4516035 polymorphisms between SARS-CoV-2 variants were significantly different between the deceased patients and recovered patients. However, more studies should be done to confirm the results
TGN020 application against aquaporin 4 improved multiple sclerosis by inhibiting astrocytes, microglia, and NLRP3 inflammasome in a cuprizone mouse model
No full textIn multiple sclerosis (MS), activation of the astrocytes and microglia induces a cascading inflammatory response. Overexpression of the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the glia is a trigger for this reaction. This study aimed to block AQP4 by injecting TGN020 to alleviate the symptoms of MS. Total of 30 male mice were randomly divided into control (intact), cuprizone model of MS (fed with 0.2 cuprizone for 35 days), and TGN020-treated (received daily intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg/kg TGN020 with cuprizone intake) groups. Astrogliosis, M1-M2 microglia polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and demyelination were investigated in the corpus callosum by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western blot, and luxol fast blue staining. The Rotarod test was performed for a behavior assessment. AQP4 inhibition caused a significant decrease in the expression of the astrocyte-specific marker, GFAP. It also changed the microglia polarization from M1 to M2 indicated by a significant downregulation of iNOS, CD86, MHC-CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN ICYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I, and upregulation of arginase1, CD206, and TREM-2. In addition, western blot data showed a significant decrease in the NLRP3, caspase1, and IL-1b proteins in the treatment group, which indicated inflammasome inactivation. The molecular changes following the TGN020 injection resulted in remyelination and motor recovery enhancement in the treatment group. In conclusion, the results draw the attention to the role of AQP4 in the cuprizone model of MS