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Efficacy and safety of regdanvimab in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis
No full textAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regdanvimab, an anti-SARS-COV-2 monoclonal antibody approved by the European Medicines Agency in November 2021, for the treatment of confirmed COVID-19 disease. MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, medRxiv and Google Scholar were searched for relevant evidence up to October 27, 2022. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. Data were analysed using RevMan software. ResultsEight studies involving 4793 patients were included. A significant difference was observed between the regdanvimab and no-regdanvimab groups in terms of length of hospital stay (mean difference MD = -1.15, 95% confidence interval CI: -1.80 to -0.43), clinical recovery (odds ratio OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.38 to 3.18), disease progression (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.33), the need for oxygen therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.43) and duration of oxygen therapy (MD = -3.00, 95% CI: -4.44 to -1.56). However, no significant difference was detected between 2 groups regarding mortality rate (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.89), need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.89) and hospital admission rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.03). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.18). ConclusionRegdanvimab was not effective in reducing mortality and hospital admission rate in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, but it was effective in improving other efficacy outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings
One-step synthesis of silver nanostructures using Heracleum persicum fruit extract, their cytotoxic activity, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities
No full textBio-inspired techniques are used for synthesis in terms of application, green chemical research, facile, and eco-friendly chemistry study of silver nanostructures utilizing plant extracts as natural reducing/stabilization and solid adjuvants without the use of toxic and damaging reagents. The present study investigates the biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles via the mediation of the methanolic extract of Heracleum persicum seeds, without utilizing any stabilizer or surfactant. These nanostructures were identified utilizing ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The attributes of AgNPs versus usual human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines that is, Hs 281.T, MDA-MB-468, AU565 AU-565, MCF7, CAMA-1, SK-BR-3, NMU, and RBA were evaluated. The livability of breast adenocarcinoma cell line diminishes dose-dependently in the existence of AgNPs. After clinical studies, AgNPs can be used as a green drug in the treatment of human breast adenocarcinoma
Association between interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms (rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896) and severity of infection in different SARS-CoV-2 variants
No full textBackgroundPolymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene have been linked to the severity of the patients infected with the viral infections. This study aimed to assess if the IL10 gene polymorphisms rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were linked to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mortality in different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in the Iranian population.MethodsFor genotyping IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896, this study used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 1,734 recovered and 1,450 deceased patients.ResultsThe obtained finding indicated IL10 rs1800871 CC genotype in the Alpha variant and CT genotype in the Delta variant had a relationship with COVID-19 mortality; however, there was no association between rs1800871 polymorphism and the Omicron BA.5 variant. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800872 TT genotype in the Alpha and Omicron BA.5 variants and GT in the Alpha and Delta variants. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800896 GG and AG genotypes in the Delta and Omicron BA.5; nevertheless, there was no association between rs1800896 polymorphism with the Alpha variant. According to the obtained data, the GTA haplotype was the most common of haplotype in different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The TCG haplotype was related to COVID-19 mortality in the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants.ConclusionThe IL10 polymorphisms had an impact on COVID-19 infection, and these polymorphisms had different effects in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. To verify the obtained results, further studies should be conducted on various ethnic groups
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Role of Felids as Intermediate Hosts in the Life Cycle of Neospora caninum Based on Serological Data
No full textPurpose Neosporosis is an important widespread parasitic infection caused by N. caninum. It infects a wide range of warmblooded animals as intermediate hosts and dogs as the definitive host. Nevertheless, there are a number of questions regarding the life cycle and epidemiological aspects of N. caninum. Also, the role of felids ( domestic and non-domestic) in the life cycle of N. caninum has been little described. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the global prevalence of N. caninum in domestic and wild felids. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for articles published on the prevalence of N. caninum in felids until Aprill 2, 2022 and the reference lists of retrieved articles were screened. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and 95 confidence interval. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the I-2 statistic. Results After exclusion of irrelevant articles and duplication removal, 30 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis including 20 studies on domestic cats and 10 studies on wild felids. The overall prevalence of neosporosis infection in cats was 15 (95 CI 10-21) that was significantly higher in wild felids (26, 95 CI 13-38) than in domestic cats (11, 95 CI 6-16) (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pooled prevalence between male and female domestic cats (P = 0.75). Regarding continent, the lowest prevalence of neosporosis infection was in Asia (9, 95 CI 1-20) and the highest was in North America (43.6, 95 CI 33.9-53.2) and Africa (18, 95 CI 9-46). Higher prevalence was obtained when using the NAT with 22 (95 CI 7-37), compared to the IFAT (17, 95 CI 9-24) and ELISA (6, 95 CI 2-9) (P = 0.01). Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of felids as potential intermediate hosts of neosporosis despite the fact that the source of the parasite for these animals was unknown. Further studies should be performed to investigate the role of this top predator (felids) in maintaining both domestic and sylvatic cycles of Neospora caninum
The First Report of Iranian Registry of Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
No full textBACKGROUND: Insufficient amounts of survival motor neuron protein is leading to one of the most disabling neuromuscular diseases, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Before the current study, the detailed characteristics of Iranian patients with SMA had not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To describe the key demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of patients with SMA registered in the Iranian Registry of SMA (IRSMA). METHODS: IRSMA has been established since 2018, and the demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of patients with SMA were recorded according to the methods of treat neuromuscular disease (TREAT-NMD) project. RESULTS: By October 1, 2022, 781 patients with 5q SMA were registered. Of them, 164 patients died, the majority of them had SMA type 1 and died during the first 20 months of life. The median survival of patients with type 1 SMA was 23 months. The consanguinity rate in 617 alive patients was 52.4, while merely 24.8 of them had a positive family history. The most common type of SMA in live patients was type 3. Morbidities were defined as having scoliosis (44.1), wheelchair dependency (36.8), tube feeding (8.1), and requiring mechanical ventilation (9.9). Most of the registered patients had a homozygous deletion of SMN1, while the frequency of patients with higher copy numbers of SMN2, was less in more severe types of the disease. Earlier onset of the disease was significantly seen in patients with lower copy numbers of SMN2. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene deletion was associated with a higher incidence of more severe types of SMA, higher dependency on ventilators, tube feeding, and earlier onset of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The IRSMA is the first established Iranian nationwide registry of patients with SMA. Using this registry, decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners can precisely understand the epidemiology, characteristics, and genetics of patients with SMA in Iran
The Effects of Lead and Zinc on Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: In recent decades, the growing number of factories and vehicles has accelerated the release of environmental contaminants such as heavy metals. These inhalable pollutants often cause respiratory diseases and can endanger human health. Some heavy metals (e.g., zinc), on the other hand, are beneficial micronutrients, playing critical roles in the body. Objectives: This systemic review and meta-analysis study aimed to examine the role of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in asthma. Methods: MeSH keywords, including lead, asthma, and zinc, along with their Persian equivalents were searched in the PubMed, Google, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and SID databases. The articles published between 2000 and 2018 were included. For assessing heterogeneity, the Q and I2 statistics were applied. STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: The frequency of asthma was 12 (95 CI: 11-13, P < 0.001). The frequencies of high blood lead levels (BLL) in controls and patients with asthma were 2 (95 CI: 0-2.03, P < 0.001) and 3 (95 CI: 0-3.04, P < 0.001), respectively. The ratios of BLL of < 5, 5-10, and > 10 µg/dL were found to be 8 (95 CI: 0-9.7, P < 0.001), 10 (95 CI: 0.8-11, P < 0.001), and 9 (95 CI: 0.08-11, P < 0.001), respectively. The forced expiratory volume (FEV) was significantly correlated with zinc level. The results frommeta-regression analysis suggested an increasing trend in asthma occurrence from 2000 to 2018. Conclusions: While zinc may have been protective against asthma, lead was a risk factor for respiratory diseases and asthma. Educating children and their parents about lead poisoning may have prevented or reduced lead intoxication and asthma in children. © 2023, Author(s)
Worldwide Prevalence of Colistin Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: The aim of the present meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of colistin resistance among the Enterobacteriaceae family.Methods: Articles from various databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) examining colistin re-sistance among Enterobacteriaceae in human, animal, and environmental specimens were searched from 2016 to 2021 using related keywords. The Cochran's Q-test and I2 were applied to evaluate heterogeneity and a random -effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence. The meta-regression method was applied to determine he-terogeneity among the studies.Results: Of 5,145 articles, 60 articles with a sample size of 404,856 was included. The pooled estimate for preva-lence of bacterial resistance were 9.13 (95 CI: 6.96 to 11.56; I-squared = 99.4) in total, 8.34 (95 CI: 5.87 to 11.16; I-squared = 99.3) for Klebsiella spp. subgroup and 3.44 (95 CI: 2.46 to 4.57; I-squared = 98.4) for E. coli subgroup. The pooled prevalence for human and animal settings were 9.07 (95 CI: 6.77 to 11.67; I -squared = 99.3) and 9.73 (95 CI: 484 to 16.02; I-squared = 99.4), respectively. The continent (coefficient: 3.51; 95 CI: 0.08 to 6.94, p: 0.045) and bacterial type (coefficient: 0.03; 95 CI: 0.01 to 0.05 p: 0.042) had signi-ficant effects on heterogeneity among studies.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae was similar between animals and humans, with the highest colistin resistance found in Klebsiella strains
Prevalence of Epilepsy among Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Epilepsy is known as a periodic and severe disturbance in the nervous system, resulting from abnormal discharge of brain cells. Epilepsy is characterized by unexplained seizures, and threatens human life throughout their entire life span. The prevalence of epilepsy is high in early childhood, and declines with the increase in age. Method: In this study, a meta-analysis was done on the papers published from 2000 to 2023, investigating the prevalence of epilepsy within the age range of 1-20 years. Having a precise report of the studied city, report of prevalence as number or percentage, and report of epilepsy within the mentioned age range were the inclusion criteria for the papers. Any disagreement in fulfilling the criteria was resolved in a meeting by the presence of the three researchers. The search was done across Iranian databases plus ISI, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase with keywords of epilepsy, prevalence, children, adolescents, Iran, epidemiology, and psychiatric disorders. Result: In the initial search, 1276 papers were found, 28 of which were selected after screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were analyzed via random method. The prevalence of epilepsy was found to be 2.3 (95CI: 1.3-3.8). Its Z-value was-13.719, Q-value 2443.036, df (Q) 31, and I-squared 98.731. Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy in Iran is 2.3 (95 CI: 1.3-3.8), which warrants the necessary measures to be taken for its reduction
Radiation exposure to family members of patients treated with radioactive iodine (I-131): a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textPurposeRadiation safety is one of the main concerns for thyroid cancer patients and their caregivers in radioiodine therapy. Even though there is a plethora of research describing radiation exposure to family members of patients, no meta-analysis study has been carried out on this subject. In this study, the doses received by the family members of the patients treated with I-131 were investigated.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar without the beginning date restriction until December 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, and the doses received by caregivers were calculated as the effect sizes.ResultsThis meta-analysis retrieved a total number of 2080 family members of thyroid cancer patients. The pooled estimates for radiation exposure to family members of inpatients and outpatients treated with I-131 were calculated as 0.4 mSv (95 CI 0.26-0.55 mSv) and 0.54 mSv (95 CI 0.48-0.60 mSv), respectively. The shapes of Begg's funnel plots seemed asymmetrical for both groups of studies evaluating the doses received by the family members of inpatients and outpatients (Begg's test p = 0.011 and < 0.001, respectively) which demonstrate the existence of publication bias in the results of included studies. The level of significance calculated in meta-regression analysis to evaluate the effects of administered activity, male sex ratio, and study quality score on the doses received by the family members of the inpatients treated with 131I were p = 0.526, 0.759, and 0.129 respectively. The p-values obtained to evaluate the effects of administered activity, age average of the caregivers, male sex ratio, and study quality score on the doses received by the family members of the outpatients treated with 131I were p = 0.496, 0.974, 0.010, and 0.636 respectively. The study location significantly modifies doses received by family members of patients (both p < 0.001).Conclusion There are considerable radiation protection considerations for the family members of patients after radioiodine administration. The results of this study showed that caregivers received doses of less than 1 mSv. There are no radiation hazards for family members of patients treated with I-131 and the conventional advice provided by the radiation protection advisor is enough. The socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and literacy levels of the patients' family members determined the compliance of the caregivers with safety recommendations and therefore modifies the doses received by family members
An overview of the role of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and their salts during sperm cryopreservation and in vitro embryo manipulation
No full textThe cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the in vitro embryo production are valuable tools used in a variety of species, including humans, livestock, fish, and aquatic invertebrates. Sperm cryopreservation has been used to maintain or increase the genetic diversity of threatened species. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules derived from oxygen, being formed as byproducts of cellular metabolism. During cryopreservation of sperm and other in vitro manipulations of oocytes and embryos, ROS production is dramatically increased. In cells, low, medium, and high levels of ROS lead to different outcomes, apoptosis, auto-phagocytosis, and necrosis, respectively. ROS produced by cells can be neutralized by intracellular antioxidant systems, including enzymes as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. Free radicals and oxidative stress can be major factors influencing in vitro manipulations. In this review, we discuss the role that metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and their salts play in the modulation of oxidative stress during in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation of sperm