Repository Universitas Sanata Dharma

Lyany, Elisabeth Gunu

Kajian Etnomatematika Pada Motif Tenun Ikat Kwatek Lamalera Dan Pemanfaatan Konteks Tersebut Untuk Membelajarkan Materi Transformasi Geometri Bagi Siswa Kelas IX

Manik, Tomi Lasrotua

Penanaman Nilai dan Norma Sopan Santun Melalui Pendidikan Pancasila Bagi Siswa Kelas IV SD Kanisius Kalasan Yogyakarta

Tokome, Saduki

Meningkatkan Konsep Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Melalui Konteks Budaya Asmat Papua Dengan Pendekatan PMRI Kelas II SD Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika

Setiawan, Antonius Ian Bayu

Perbedaan Minat Melanjutkan Sekolah Di Perguruan Tinggi Antara Siswa Kelas 12 Sma Negeri Dan Swasta Di Kabupaten Sikka Maumere

Pranatasari, Fransisca Desiana

Wadyatenti, Maria Angela Diva Vilaningrum

Green Repurchase Intention: Peran Green Perceived Risk Dan Green Perceived Value Pada Konsumen Hijau

Fridayani, Januari Ayu

Kementerian ATR/BPN Mengucapkan Selamat Merayakan Tahun Baru Imlek 2576 Kongzili
Beranda  Opini 
Bagi perusahaan, quiet cutting dianggap sebagai solusi strategis untuk menghindari gelombang PHK (pemutusan hubungan
kerja) massal yang dapat merusak citra perusahaan dan memicu ketidakstabilan organisasi. (dok.wartakita.org)
MEMASUKI awal tahun 2025, banyak perusahaan menghadapi tekanan ekonomi global yang
masih belum stabil. Situasi ini memaksa perusahaan untuk mencari strategi efisiensi tenaga
kerja guna mempertahankan keberlanjutan bisnis mereka.
Salah satu fenomena yang semakin marak adalah quiet cutting, yaitu strategi di mana
perusahaan tidak secara langsung memecat karyawan, tetapi merelokasikan mereka ke posisi
Fenomena “Quiet Cutting”: Strategi Manajemen Atau Etika
Yang Dipertanyakan?
Warta Kita
Januari 30, 2025
Berita
30/01/25 16.34
Page 1 of 7
yang berbeda tanpa konsultasi mendalam.
Sering kali, posisi baru tersebut memiliki tanggung jawab lebih besar, namun tanpa ada
penyesuaian gaji atau fasilitas yang memadai. Hal ini tentu menimbulkan dilema etis dalam
praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia.
Bagi perusahaan, quiet cutting dianggap sebagai solusi strategis untuk menghindari gelombang
PHK (pemutusan hubungan kerja) massal yang dapat merusak citra perusahaan dan memicu
ketidakstabilan organisasi. Dengan mengalihkan karyawan ke posisi lain alih-alih
memberhentikan mereka, perusahaan dapat mengurangi dampak sosial dan hukum dari PHK,
seperti kompensasi pemutusan hubungan kerja dan potensi tuntutan hukum dari serikat
pekerja.
Selain itu, strategi ini sering kali digunakan untuk menekan biaya operasional tanpa harus
kehilangan tenaga kerja berpengalaman secara langsung. Dalam beberapa kasus, strategi ini
juga diklaim dapat meningkatkan fleksibilitas tenaga kerja, di mana karyawan didorong untuk
beradaptasi dengan tantangan baru di dalam perusahaan. Perusahaan yang menerapkan
kebijakan ini berharap bahwa dengan memberikan tantangan baru, karyawan akan
berkembang dan membawa nilai tambah bagi organisasi.
Namun, di sisi lain, pendekatan ini berisiko besar terhadap kepercayaan dan loyalitas karyawan
yang dapat berdampak negatif pada kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Ketika seorang
karyawan merasa bahwa perannya diubah secara sepihak tanpa komunikasi yang jelas, mereka
cenderung merasa tidak dihargai dan kehilangan motivasi kerja.
Lebih buruk lagi, jika karyawan yang terkena dampak quiet cutting merasa bahwa mereka
dipindahkan ke posisi yang lebih rendah atau diberikan tanggung jawab yang tidak sesuai
dengan keterampilan mereka, maka hal ini dapat memicu ketidakpuasan yang mendalam.
Akibatnya, produktivitas menurun, keterlibatan kerja melemah, dan dalam jangka panjang,
perusahaan mungkin kehilangan talenta terbaiknya yang memilih untuk mencari peluang yang
lebih menghargai kontribusi mereka.
Dari perspektif karyawan, quiet cutting sering kali dipandang sebagai bentuk eksploitasi
terselubung. Ketika seseorang ditempatkan dalam posisi baru tanpa diberikan pilihan yang adil
atau pelatihan yang memadai, beban kerja yang meningkat dapat menyebabkan stres dan
kelelahan mental. Perubahan tiba-tiba ini juga dapat mengurangi rasa memiliki terhadap
perusahaan, yang pada akhirnya memicu quiet quitting – fenomena di mana karyawan hanya
bekerja sekadarnya tanpa keterlibatan emosional yang mendalam. Jika dibiarkan berlarut-larut,
hal ini dapat menurunkan produktivitas dan mempercepat tingkat turnover karyawan.
30/01/25 16.34
Page 2 of 7
Selain itu, ketidaktransparanan dalam penerapan quiet cutting dapat menciptakan lingkungan
kerja yang penuh ketidakpastian. Karyawan yang melihat rekan-rekan mereka tiba-tiba
dipindahkan ke posisi yang tidak diinginkan tanpa alasan yang jelas akan mulai merasa tidak
aman dalam pekerjaan mereka. Rasa ketidakpastian ini berpotensi menurunkan moral dan
menyebabkan gelombang pengunduran diri secara sukarela, yang justru bisa memperburuk
kondisi perusahaan dalam jangka panjang.
Dalam jangka pendek, quiet cutting mungkin tampak seperti solusi yang efektif untuk
menghemat biaya dan menjaga keseimbangan operasional perusahaan. Namun, dalam jangka
panjang, strategi ini dapat merusak reputasi perusahaan di pasar tenaga kerja.
Generasi pekerja saat ini, khususnya generasi milenial dan Gen Z, semakin selektif dalam
memilih tempat kerja yang menghargai kesejahteraan mereka. Jika praktik quiet
cutting menjadi kebiasaan yang umum dilakukan oleh perusahaan, maka akan ada risiko
perusahaan kehilangan talenta terbaik mereka yang mencari lingkungan kerja yang lebih
transparan dan adil.
Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, perusahaan perlu mengevaluasi kembali pendekatan
mereka terhadap manajemen tenaga kerja. Transparansi harus menjadi kunci dalam setiap
keputusan yang berkaitan dengan pergeseran peran karyawan. Perusahaan seharusnya
berkomunikasi secara terbuka mengenai alasan di balik setiap perubahan struktur organisasi
serta memberikan kesempatan bagi karyawan untuk menyampaikan pendapat mereka. Selain
itu, pendekatan berbasis empati harus diterapkan dengan menyediakan pelatihan dan
dukungan yang cukup bagi karyawan yang terkena dampak perubahan peran.
Lebih jauh lagi, perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan kebijakan tenaga kerja yang lebih
berkelanjutan. Alih-alih menerapkan quiet cutting, manajemen dapat mengeksplorasi strategi
alternatif seperti restrukturisasi berbasis kompetensi, rotasi kerja yang lebih fleksibel, serta
program pengembangan karier yang jelas. Dengan demikian, karyawan tetap merasa dihargai
dan memiliki motivasi untuk berkembang bersama perusahaan.
Pada akhirnya, manajemen yang efektif bukan hanya soal bagaimana perusahaan dapat
bertahan dalam kondisi ekonomi yang sulit, tetapi juga bagaimana mereka dapat
mempertahankan hubungan yang sehat dengan tenaga kerja mereka.
Jika praktik quiet cutting terus dilakukan tanpa perbaikan dalam komunikasi dan transparansi,
maka perusahaan berisiko kehilangan lebih dari sekadar efisiensi – mereka juga bisa kehilangan
kepercayaan dari karyawan mereka. Oleh karena itu, awal tahun 2025 harus menjadi
momentum bagi perusahaan untuk mengadopsi strategi manajemen yang lebih etis dan
berorientasi pada kesejahteraan jangka panjang bagi seluruh pemangku kepentingan.
30/01/25 16.34
Page 3 of 7
(Januari Ayu Fridayani, Dosen Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas
Sanata Dharma)
Penulis: (*)
Editor: L Sukamta
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MYFO: Songsong Tahun Baru
Dengan Resolusi
Transformasi Ekonomi Syariah
Di Tahun 2024: Dari Tantangan
Ke Peluang
Holiday Fatigue: Tantangan Tak
Terlihat Dalam Manajemen
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Fenomena “Quiet Cutting”: Strategi Manajemen Atau Etika Yang Dipertanyakan?

Prasetyadi, Andreas

Sambada, Rusdi

Harini, Bernadeta Wuri



Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Thermal Engineering
The Effect of Evaporator Pressure Behavior at Start-Up Conditions of Air Conditioning
Systems to Energy Consumption and Heat Transfer
J.T. Siang and D. Patabang 3
Testing of Biomass Ash from Cashew Nut Shell Waste as a Thermal Insulator
I. Oskar, J.T. Siang and V. Asri Tandirerung 13
Numerical Study of Transient Temperature Distribution in Square Fins for Different
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients
M. Seen, S. Mardikus and K. Sugiana 19
Analysis of the Effect of Fin Material on Temperature Distribution in Rectangular Cross-
Sectional Straight Fins
M. Seen, A. Astyanto and C. Pratama 25
Chapter 2: Mechatronics and Robotics
Non-Linear Sensor Measurement Technique Using Ivan Newton Interpolation (INI)
S.I. Goenawan 33
Cinnamon Drying Machine Monitoring System Using IoT Technology
T.R. Prasetya and D. Widjaja 45
Accuracy Test of an Open-Loop Control System for Arduino-Based Robotic Arms with a
PLA+ 3D-Printed Body for Repetitive Tasks
E.H.E. Suryadarma, P.W. Laksono, I. Priadythama and L. Sudirman 53
Monitoring System for Tobacco Drying Machine Using IoT Technology
B.C.P. Putra Nugraha and D. Widjaja 63
Design of Solar Panel as Electric Energy Source for Water Pumps at Stella Maris Hospital
Makassar
S. Patabang, J. Leda and A.A. Tobi 71
Chapter 3: Biofuel
Green Technology Implementation: Manufacture and Utilization of Coconut Liquid
Bioethanol in Lawn Mowers
B.R. Allo and Y.L. Ngganggu 85
The Mass Time Burning Model of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes
A. Prasetyadi, R. Sambada and B.W. Harini 93
Chapter 4: Water Treatment and Waste Technologies
Enhancing Water Potability Identification through Random Forest Regression and Genetic
Algorithm Optimization
M. Setiyanti, G. Hoendarto and J. Tjen 101
Comparison of Fresh Water and Salt Production of Seawater Desalination Using Gas Stoves
and Induction Stoves
L. Sampebatu and A. Kamolan 111
Influence of the Rate of Induced Electrical Energy as a Source of Heat Energy on the
Productivity of Converting Seawater into Freshwater
A. Kamolan and J.T. Siang 121
International Conference on Applied Technology (ICAT 2024)
ISBN(softcover): 978-3-0364-0593-3     ISBN(eBook): 978-3-0364-1593-2
Modification of Rubber Waste - Crepe Rubber Type into Rubberized Asphalt
A. Ayucitra, H. Hindarso, C. Gunarto, I. Epriliati, D.R. Sari Dewi, G. Setyo Budi, E. Alexandria,
D.N. Salantua and L. Liliani 127
Chapter 5:  Industrial Engineering
Optimizing Assembly Line Operations: A Study on Dispatching Rule Performance
R. Sukwadi, Y.T. Jou, V.P. Putra, F.A. Pratama, R.M. Silitonga, M.M.W. Inderawati and N.T.B.
Thu 141
Lean Manufacturing Analysis: Using WAM and VALSAT to Reduce Waste in the Plastic
Sack Finishing Process at PT Surya Plastindo
A.J. Pical, D.Y. Irawati and D. Andrian 153
Occupational Accident Risk Control in the Small Scale Industry Metal Casting
C.D. Kurnianingtyas, L.S. Yuniar and P.K. Dewa 163
 
The Mass Time Burning Model of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes 
Andreas Prasetyadi1,a*, Rusdi Sambada1,b and Bernadeta Wuri Harini1,c  
1Kampus 3 Universitas Sanata Dharma, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Indonesia 
apras@usd.ac.id, bsambada@gmail.com, cwuribernard@usd.ac.id 
Keywords: Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquette, Burning Test, Density Test, Mass Time Burning 
Model, Charcoal Quality 
Abstract. Burning Test  ShellCoconut applied in common to be are and Density Test  Charcoal
Briquette for stopping drying process and predict its quality. Before the oven is turned off, the quality 
person conducted burning test to certify the quality of the briquette. In order to understand the relation 
of both test and the quality of the briquette, a research on the burning test and density model was 
applied. Three different conditions of the briquettes were chosen, they are wet, half-dry, and dry. 
Mathematical models based on burning test of the charcoal briquette were developed. The results 
show that burning test can provide indicators of different conditions of the coconut shell charcoal 
briquettes clearly in addition to common general tests such as density and durability. A dry briquette 
has  patternfully exponential  of the left  combustion during 225 minutes mass  half. The -dry has 
combination of exponential, linear, and exponential pattern for respective times of 0 – 45’, 45 – 120’, 
and 120 – 225’. The wet briquette has similar patterns with shorter linear. The dry briquette can 
provide longer burning time than other.  
Introduction 
Briquettes of biomass and its derivatives are considered to be promising clean energy. Mostly the 
briquettes are produced from biowaste such as husk [1], sawdust[2], stray [3], etc. Therefore, the 
emission goes to its bioresources[4]. The biomass as the raw material for briquette is considered to 
be zero emission because the carbon comes from photosynthesis. For the reason, biomass briquette 
is considered to be clean solid fuel. 
During the production, drying as the process of reducing moisture content is significant in energy 
consumption for briquetting. Conventional drying using solar energy needs time reaching 5 days, 
even it consumes less fuel than other drying methods [5]. Fuel based drying consume a lot of energy 
for heating or other drying methods [6]. The trade-off of the drying methods issues stopping drying 
process as important moment for controlling the briquettes production. 
In  stop the to determine applied is production, burning test mass  drying   shellof  coconut the
charcoal briquette production [7]. The quality control person (QP) stops the drying after burning test 
conducted and fits condition required  the   of  QP the experienceaccording the . Usually, the QP
checked the ash formation during the burning. Good quality briquette has to be able to burn more 
than 150 minutes, release no smoke, and leave the white ash without any crack. On the other hand, a 
simple proximity test is also conducted to check the quality of the briquette. It is density test which 
is related to its mass. The checker just use balance for doing the test. The test assumes homogenous 
briquettes size, and the relation between moisture content and density. However, the density has less 
significant differences while the briquette almost dry [7]. The situation implies that a briquette is not 
always good even the density target reached. 
Relation of moisture content and combustion character is important in quality of the briquette. 
Generally, it is reported that moisture content affects the briquette calorific value [8]. However, the 
relation of the drying condition and its combustion has not studied yet. The visual phenomena of the 
relation is always identified by QC person during drying briquette. 
A  the  content moisture combustion in different briquette of model mathematical study of  is
proposed in order to find the connection of the moisture content and the combustion the briquette. 
Clear relation of the combustion time and moisture content can be applied for controlling the briquette 
application. The study is presented in 4 parts including introduction. This part shows the reason of 
Engineering Headway Submitted: 2024-09-21
ISSN: 2813-8333, Vol. 18, pp 93-98 Revised: 2024-09-30
doi:10.4028/p-ay7BoR Accepted: 2024-10-01
© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, All Rights Reserved Online: 2025-02-05
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans
Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (#676640890-06/02/25,04:59:11)
 
the study. The second part is the method of study which exposes the way the data collected. The next 
part is the Results and Discussion trying to explain the combustion test phenomena and the briquette 
quality. The final part is the Conclusion. 
Method of Study 
The study is the interpretation of the burning briquette data especially its mass. The briquette mass 
data were collected from experiment of burning briquettes in open space. At the same time, the left 
mass of the briquettes was measured during the combustion. The pattern of the left mass during the 
burning is interpretated according to normalized burn rate (NBR) of the solid combustion as shown 
in [9], [10]. 
 
Data collection 
The collected data are masses of the premium briquettes during the burning time. The briquettes are 
product of a company located in Klaten, Central Java. The briquettes have cubic shape of 2.6 cm in 
dimensions. The average weight of wet, half-dry, and dry briquettes are 18.94 grams, 17.30 grams, 
and 16,64 grams, respectively. The briquettes were burnt on ceramic containers and measured its 
mass every 15 minutes.  The data were collected for 225 minutes.  
 
The data were collected from  briquettes  the ofconditions10  are every condition. There for  3 
briquettes, they are wet briquettes, half-dry briquettes, and the dry briquettes. The wet briquettes are 
the briquettes after compaction process. They do not go for drying yet. The half-dry briquettes are the 
briquettes which have been dried half of its general drying time. They were taken from the oven after 
30 hours drying.  dry briquettes are the briquettes finished The the drying process. Usually, the 
briquettes have stayed in the oven for 60 hours.  
 
Data Analysis 
The briquettes mass during the drying process are averaged and plotted on timeline graphs. Timeline 
analysis was conducted according to three steps of burning; they are ignition, steady state, and char 
phases. The ignition phase is the first phase of burning. At this time, the briquettes start to burn. The 
dimensions of the briquettes are still full. Rate of the burning is very high. The second phase is the 
steady state which show nearly constant burning rate. The last part is the char phase which shows 
char burning phase. In this phase, the ashes cover the char burning. It inhibits the oxygen supply. 
Therefore, the rate is getting slow down. 
 
Comparison of the normalized burning rate, and predicted HHV are applied for every condition. The 
predicted HHVs are calculated according to percentage of the fixed carbon as the main target of 
proximity approach. The percentage of the fixed carbon is calculated as the results of equation (1). It 
is  
(100 ))%%(%% AshVolMCFC + += −       (1) 
with %MC, %Vol, and %Ash are the percentages of moisture content, volatile, and ash, respectively. 
The %MC, %Vol, and %Ash are measured according to ASTM standard as mentioned in [4], [11], 
[12]. The predicted HHV is calculated using equation (2). 
 % 7800 kcal/kgHHV FC= ×        (2) 
Results and Discussions 
The basic solid fuel burning model 
The plot of the left briquette mass as function of time during the burning is shown in Figure 1. The 
Figure shows that there are different patterns of briquette mass among the dry, half-dry, and wet 
briquettes during the burning time. The dry briquette tends to be a single pattern of exponential. The 
94 International Conference on Applied Technology (ICAT 2024)
 
half-  are phases last and the firstdry and the three pattern of have dry briquettes  phases. The
exponential. While the second phase has linear trendline. The general pattern of the burning phases 
is presented in Table 1. 
 
Table 1. The pattern phase of burning 
 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 
Wet Exponential 
18.618e-0.009t 
Linear 
-0.0671t 
Exponential 
49.746e-0.015t 
Half-Dry Exponential 
16.928e-0.007t 
Linear 
-0.0717t 
Exponential 
22.471e-0.11t 
Dry Exponential 
17.08e-0.01t 
 
The functions of the wet briquettes burning rate are 18.618e-0.009t, -0.0671t, and 49.746e-0.015t for 1st 
phase, 2nd phase, and 3rd phase, respectively. The half-dry briquettes have burning rate of  
16.928e-0.007t, -0.0717t, and 22.471e-0.11t for 1st, 2nd, and third phase, respectively. The dry briquettes 
have burning function of 17.08e-0.01t. Time t are in minutes with 0 – 45’, 45’-120’, and 120’-225’ 
being the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd phases, respectively. The final phase of the briquettes burning tends to be 
equal burning rate. It explains that the briquettes are already dried in the final phase.  
 
 
Fig. 1. The general pattern of briquette mass during the burning. 
 
Engineering Headway Vol. 18 95
 
 
Fig. 2. Three phases of burning; the phases are separated with dashed dotted lines. 
 
The normalized burning ratio shows three phases of the burning of the wet and half-dry briquettes. 
The first phase is the ignition phase. The lost mass is the fastest here. The contact between fuel and 
oxygen is still optimum. In the condition, the char moves fast. The second part show almost linear 
line which connects with balance of fuel availability and the oxygen availability. This linear line 
emphasizes the balance connection. However, the second phase of the wet briquette mentions another 
factor affecting burning. It is temperature. At the time, the water still exists in wet briquette. It reduces 
briquette burning rate and releases its water as smoke.   
 
The moisture content and density 
The density is getting less sensitive while the briquettes are getting dryer. The difference of moisture 
content is highly related to density when the briquettes  wet. At this condition, the change of are
moisture content is positively related to its density. However, when the briquettes are getting dryer, 
the difference of its density is getting less sensitive. Distributed moisture content can have equal 
density with limited wet part inside of the briquette. In this case, the briquette has less quality than 
the distributed moisture content. During the burning, the wet briquette creates smoky briquette and 
cracks ash. The burning rate of the briquette is higher than distributed moisture one. Generally, half-
dry briquette has the wet part in the center of the briquette. The relation of the density, burning rate 
and moisture content can be seen in Figure 3. The density different of half-dry and dry briquettes is 
very little. But the different of its burning rate is significant.  
 
96 International Conference on Applied Technology (ICAT 2024)
 
 
 
Fig. 3. The normalized density and burning rate according in wet, half-dry, and dry briquette. 
 
The moisture content and calorific value 
 calorific  quality. A briquette the of parameter  good quality of most the is value  importantThe
briquette tends to have high calorific value. The wet, half-dry and dry briquette HHVs are shown in 
Table 2. The LHVs of the briquettes will be very different due to moisture content of the briquette 
condition. The wet briquette contains 10% moisture. The half-dry, and the dry have 6% and 3%
moisture content, respectively. The LHV can be calculated from HHV with reducing of evaporation 
part. The HHVs of the half-dry and dry briquettes fit to the Indonesia briquette quality [11]. 
Table 2. The high heating value of the briquettes 
Condition HHV (kcal/kg) 
Wet 6345 
Half-Dry 6934 
Dry 7290 
Conclusions 
The work mentions that burning test which is usually done by the QP is important examination of the 
briquette production because its usefulness to show the quality of the briquette. The burning test can 
show different  phenomena The drying process.  the briquettes the of conditions  during the  of
briquettes during the burning shows the moisture content better than density. It also mentions the 
calorific value as the main parameter of the briquette quality is significantly predicted through
burning test. The test can show phenomena of moisture content inside of the briquettes.  
Acknowledgement 
The Authors express gratitude for DRTPM supporting the research of this work. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Engineering Headway Vol. 18 97
 
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