Jurnal TENGKAWANG
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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA PADA TANAMAN JABON (Anthocephalus spp)
Full text linkAnthocephalus spp is one type of wood is fast growing and straight-trunked. The community is now much interested in developing Anthocephalus spp plantations as peoples because the selling price is expensive. The study of mycorrhizal fungi species diversity in Anthocephalus spp plants aim to get the types of mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal density in Anthocephalus spp stands. This research uses descriptive method by taking soil samples in the rhizosfere some level Anthocephalus spp tree poles and trees. At every level of growth Anthocephalus spp each taken 3 plants. The results obtained in the Anthocephalus spp stands found that seven morphotife. Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are 2 morphotife spores is Gigaspora genera, 4 morphotife spores is Glomus and one Acaulaspora genera. Spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Anthocephalus spp stands at the pole with a density of spores 3-77 with a mean of 42 spores and spore density tree level 4-52 with a mean of 26 spores. Key word: Anthocephalus spp, mycorrhizal, Ultisol, Organosol, and Alluvia
UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JAMBU MONYET (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella typhi
Full text linkPeople still use plants as a medicine to overcome a disease, because it is easily to obtain and relatively does not provide significant negative effects. One of the plants utilized by the people is Bellucia pentamera Naudin (B. pentamera). Diarrhea and typhoid fever are diseases that often assault Indonesian people. The bacterias were used in this study were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of B. pentamera bark extracts against E. coli and S. typhi, by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method with PCA as the media. The highest extract concentration against E. coli is 400 mg/ml possess an inhibition of 20±1 mm, and towards S. typhi is 80 mg/ml which possess an inhibition of 24.67±0,58 mm.Keywords: Bellucia pentamera, Disc Diffussion, Efectiveness, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi
KOMPOSISI KIMIA BATANG PANDAN MENGKUANG (Pandanus atrocarpus Griff) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ALTERNATIF PULP (Chemical Composition of Mengkuang Pandanus (Pandanus Artocarpus Griff) As Pulp Alternative Raw Material)
Full text linkA fundamental study was carried out to explore the properties of pandan mengkuang stem (Pandanus atrocarpus Griff). In this study chemical compound was investigated, with regards to pulp and paper production. Completely randomized design was used and as a factor was plant age. The result showed that the level of plant age, had significantly affected to the content of holocellulose, ?-cellulose, pentosan and 1% NaOH solubility. The percentage of extractive content, lignin, holocellulose, ?-cellulose, pentosan, ash content and 1% NaOH solubility were 2.83% ~ 3.71 %; 23.08% ~ 23.88%; 66.8% ~ 68.21%; 38.08% ~ 39.06%; 20.68% ~ 21.14%; 2.7% ~ 3.18%; 24.47% ~ 27.19% respectively. The overall results showed that pandan mengkuang has a promising potential to be used in pulp and paper production. Keyword : chemical properties, pandan mengkuang, Pandanus atrocarpus, pulp, nonwood
PENGAMATAN KEBERADAAN BADAK SUMATERA (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) DI KUTAI BARAT DAN MAHAKAM ULU KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Full text linkSumatran Rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest rhinoceros and the most primitive types of the five species of rhinoceros that still alive. In the 1990s the status of the Sumatran rhino population in East Kalimantan never again recorded scientifically (Meijaard, 1996). In 2013 WWF Indonesia - Kutai Barat find signs of rhino are supported by the findings of the trail and a video camera recording automatically. The study aims to determine the status of the rhino habitat conditions and population. The experiment was conducted in Kutai Barat and Mahakam Ulu , East Kalimantan. In this study used a grid of 4x4 km ² ² divided into 2x2 cells with an area of 240 km² observations which represent 15 % of Zone 1 ( 1,600 km² ). The results showed high levels of habitat suitability with a population of 7-15 individuals.Key words : Habitat, population Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
PENGARUH PENGASAPAN TERHADAP KEAWETAN KAYU BINTANGUR (Chalophyllum sp.) DAN KAYU MEDANG (Chinnamomum sp) DARI SERANGAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren
Full text linkMedang wood (Chinnamumum sp) and Bintangur wood (Calophyllum sp) was used for timber construction even they have low quality on the durability. The efforts need to improve their durability, especially against subterranean termites, the most destructive wood organism. One methods of preservation which can improve the durability was fumigation. Fumigation can be processed with traditional methods and modern methods. The aim of the study was to improve the durability of Medang wood (Chinnamumum sp) and Bintangur wood (Calophyllum sp)with modern fumigation methods and evaluation the durability against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Wood sample was measured 2 cm x 2 cm x 1 cm. The fumigation treatment was conducted with oven. The oven size was 1 m x 1 m x 50 cm. Treatments of fumigation consits of 12 hours and 24 hours. The treatment of evaluation the durability agaisnt termites was conducted for 21 days. The wood sample was put on the bottle and 50 termites consist of 45 workers and 5 soldiers were put in the wood sample. The parameter of indicator was termite’s mortality and wood weight loss. Result of the research showed that average termites mortality was reach 100% at wood sample with fumigation method for 24 hours, and 89.2% for wood sample with fumigation method for 12 hours. Meanwhile in control wood the termite’s mortality only 8.6%. The level of termites mortality with fumigation methods for 24 hours was classified very strong and for fumigation methods for 12 hours was classified as strong. The average wood weight loss was 1.21% - 1.30%. This wood weight loss was classified as very low. From the research it is concluded that fumigation method can increased the durability of wood, both on Medang wood and Bintangur wood against the subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. The optimal fumigation methods was on 12 hours, both on Medang wood and Bintangur wood.Keywords: Calophyllum sp, Chinnamumum sp, Coptotermes curvignathus, fumigation, wood preservatio
EVALUASI ASAP CAIR SEBAGAI BIO-TERMITISIDA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes sp. (Evaluation of Liquid Smoke as Bio-Pesticide to Control Subterranean Termites Coptotermes sp.)
Full text linkCoptotermes sp. is the most important genus of termites in buildings and plantations. In recent years, methods to combat termite infestation by using chemicals have caused serious hazards to humans and environment. The utilization of liquid smoke as the bio-termiticide to combat termite infestation is one of the appropriate and interesting technologies to develop. The aims of this research are: (1) to produce liquid smoke made from waste of empty fruit branch of oil palm by applying a condensation process, (2) to determine the optimum temperature of the production of liquid smoke, (3) to identify the component of liquid smoke, (4) to evaluate the bio-activity of liquid smoke as bio-termiticide on termites in the laboratorium. Liquid smoke was produced under various temperatures 350, 400, 450 C for 90 minutes. Phenol and acid analysis the components of liquid smoke were qualitatively analysed by using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer/GCMS. Evaluation of liquid smoke on subterranean termite was done according to Ohmura (1997) procedure under various concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, dan 4%. Identification of the component of liquid smoke showed that mostly phenols and acetic acids were present in all temperature of pyrolisis. Content of phenols and acids were increasing with higher temperatures. The highest mortality of termite after 3 (three) weeks observation was recorded using liquid smoke produced at a temperature of 450 C, followed by 400C, 350C and the control, respectively. The highest weight loss of the paper disc was observed with the control with a weight loss of 100%, followed by 350C, 400C, dan 450C, respectively. Key words: Liquid smoke, TKKS, Bio-termiticide, Coptotermes sp
PERUBAHAN SIFAT TANAH DI BAWAH TEGAKAN Acacia mangium Wild PADA AREAL HTI PT. FINANTARA INTIGA KABUPATEN SINTANG (Properties of Soil Changes Under Acacia mangium Wild in HTI Area PT. Finantara Intiga Kabupaten Sintang)
Full text linkEstabilishment of plantation forest (HTI) is one of the land rehabilitation program in Indonesia. The goal of HTI program is to reclaim land for this purpuse. This research aims to characterize physical and chemical change in soil after the reclamation with Acacia mangium Wild. This research employed the survey method, and soil sampling was done purposively. Data were analyzed using a complete random design (RAL). Result show that there were changes in soil physical and chemical properties in area planted with Acacia mangium Wild. C-organic, N-total, K, pH, and porosity of soil increased after the HTI program. Also, soil texture getting improved. P decreased during early planting was decreased, possibly because it used in large amounts for plant growth. After the 6th year after planting the P content started to increase. This is possibly because Acacia mangium Wild partly died-off and dead plant part decomposed and released P to the soil. Keyword : Plantation forest, land rehabilitation, Acacia mangium Wild, changed, soi
PENYADAPAN GETAH KERUING (Dipterocarpus spp) DI HUTAN DESA DUSUN BENUA KECAMATAN SUNGAI AMBAWANG KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA BERDASARKAN DIAMETER POHON
Full text linkKeruing tree (Dipterocarpus spp) produced sap which is used for caulking boats; varnish and paint cure for a particular wound. The research aims to determine the sap production keruing intercepted on several different tree diameter classes. Research carried out in the area of Village Forest at Benua Village Sungai Ambawang Kubu Raya District West Kalimantan Province. Keruing tree is tapped is a type of Keruing Kipas (Dipterocarpus spp) with a diameter of 30-39 cm and a diameter of 40-49 cm. Time of tapping carried out in three times, i.e. morning, noon and evening. Tapping stream forms a V-shaped with a height of 130 cm from the ground with a length of 20 cm, a width of 3 cm with an inclination of 45o flat surface. The results of research show the average amount of sap production of Keruing according to grade level diameter tree is a tree with a diameter of 30-39 cm class produce sap Keruing of 73.1 grams and a tree with a diameter of 40-49 cm class produce sap Keruing of 112.18 grams. The study concluded that the larger the diameter of the Keruing tree will produce the higher sap production. This is due to the greater diameter of the tree, the heartwood of the tree will be greater, and the higher content of Keruing sap contained in the sapwood of trees. Keywords: Dipterocarpus spp, Keruing Kipas, sap, times of tapping, tree diamete
BIOAKTIVITAS EKSTRAK SARANG SEMUT Myrmecodia pendens TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren
Full text linkMyrmecodia pendens are epiphytic plants which known as herbal plants in some region in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine Myrmecodia pendens extracts with different concentrations against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. The research was conducted at the Wood Technology Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University for three months. Myrmecodia pendens was from Maluku Island. 50 gram Myrmecodia pendens was extract with methanol with ratio 1:3, then the extract was made into five concentrations i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Filter paper then dipped into the extract solution and used for food substrates of termites. The bioassay was conducted for 21 days in termite’s chamber room. Each treatment has three replications. The indicator used for evaluate the effectiveness of the extract was termites mortality and filter paper weight loss. The results showed the rendemen of Myrmecodia pendens extract was 24.1888 gram (23.1576%). The average value of termite’s mortality was 67.33% - 100.00%. The concentration of 2% has termites mortality values of 67.33% and included in the category of strong levels of anti-termite activity. The highest termite’s mortality value was achieved on concentration of 10%. The average value of filter paper weight loss was 33.54% – 65.27%. The highest concentration of the extracts resulted in the lowest filter paper weight loss. Meanwhile on control treatment the average values of termites mortality was 14.67% and the filter paper weight loss was 73.22%. The extract Myrmecodia pendens was effectives to inhibition the subterranean termites attacks. The optimum concentration of Myrmecodia pendens extract was achieved at concentration 6% with termites mortality value was 78% with category of very strong levels of anti-termite activity.Keywords : antitermites, Coptotermes curvignathus, Myrmecodia pendens, preservatio
DISTRIBUSI KOMPONEN KIMIA KAYU MAHANG (Macaranga hosei King)
Full text linkThis research aim was to know the chemical distribution of wood (Macaranga hosei King) based on its stem height/axial direction (base, middle and end of stem) and the depth of stem/radial direction (2/3 3/3 rays, 1/3 2/3 rays and 0 1/3 rays). The experimental includes the percentage of alcohol benzene-soluble extractive content, lignin content, holocellulose and ?- cellulose. The result showed base on stem height that the percentage of alcohol benzene soluble extractive, lignin, holocellulose and ?- cellulose content decrease from the base, middle and to the end of stem. Base on depth of stem, the result showed that the percentage of alkohol benzena-soluble extractive content, lignin content, holocellulose and ?- cellulose decreasing from 2/3 3/3 rays, 1/3 2/3 rays and to the part of 0 1/3 rays. The interaction of stem height and depth of stem has significantly affected to the percentage of alcohol benzene-soluble extractive content. The overall result showed that Mahang wood is suitable for used as sawn timbers, wood panels and raw materials for pulp and paper. Keywords: chemical properties, Macarang hosei, stem height, stem depth