3633 research outputs found
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Leadership in scholarship: editors' appointments and scientific narrative
Get PDFAcademic journals disseminate new knowledge and therefore can influence the direction and composition of ongoing research by choosing what to publish. We study the change in the topic structure of papers published in the American Economic Review (AER) after the appointments of editors and coeditors of the AER between 1985 and 2011 using a textual analysis of accepted publications. The change due to the appointment of new AER editors, we find, is not an indicator of editors' personal taste in topics, but rather indicates the desire of those who appoint editors to premediate trends in other Top 5 journals
Wie kann überwachtes maschinelles Lernen das digitale Marketing unterstützen?
No full textIn Anbetracht der bedeutenden Stellung des überwachten maschinellen Lernens zur Gestaltung digitaler Geschäftsprozesse wird dessen systematischer Einsatz ausführlicher aufbereitet. Anhand von Beispielen und einschlägiger Literatur wird analysiert, wie überwachte Lernmodelle im Allgemeinen und im speziellen Marketingrahmen funktionieren können. Kritische Anwendungskomponenten, wie die initiale Eignungsprüfung, kontextsensitive Algorithmenauswahl und Modellbewertung, werden dabei identifiziert. Neben Potenzialen werden auch Herausforderungen, wie Modelltransparenz, vorurteilsfreie Daten und die Einbindung von Marketing-Expertise, dargestellt. Die Strukturierung des wachsenden Wissensbestands beider Fachrichtungen soll so eine konkrete Orientierungshilfe für den realen Marketingeinsatz bieten
Tradition trifft Transformation : Wie Familienunternehmen den Wandel meistern
No full textFamilienunternehmen werden oftmals als das Rückgrat der deutschen Wirtschaft bezeichnet und sind zunehmend mit umfangreichen Veränderungen konfrontiert. Aktuelle Trends, wie die derzeitige (De-)Globalisierung, die technologische Disruption sowie der demografische Wandel zwingen auch traditionsreiche Familienbetriebe dazu, ihre Organisation grundlegend zu transformieren. In Bezug auf die qualitativen Besonderheiten von Familienunternehmen stellt die Verbindung von Unternehmen und Familie hierbei sowohl Chancen als auch Herausforderungen dar. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick darüber geben, wie deutsche Familienunternehmen diesen Spagat zwischen Familientradition und Wandel erfolgreich gestalten können. Zunächst werden Familienunternehmen definiert und deren Bedeutung in Deutschland dargestellt. Infolgedessen wird ein besonderer Fokus auf folgende drei Transformationsfelder gelegt: Kulturwandel (Veränderung von Werten und Loyalitäten), Nachfolge (Generationenwechsel) und Digitalisierung. Diese Transformationsfelder werden durch konkrete Fallbeispiele flankiert. Abschließend werden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, um zu beschreiben, wie kulturelle Erneuerung, erfolgreiches Nachfolgemanagement und digitale Transformation praxisgerecht gestaltet werden können
From ghost games to the return of the crowd: effects of increased fan attendance during and following COVID-19 on home advantage in the German Soccer Bundesliga
No full textWhile prior studies have analyzed the effects of COVID-19-induced ghost games on home advantage in Germany’s Soccer Bundesliga, none have examined the 2021/22 season—the period immediately following spectator-free matches. This study addresses that gap by analyzing the impact of fan return on home advantage. Using a dataset of all Bundesliga matches from 2017/18 to 2021/22 (N = 1,530), we performed regression analyses incorporating a categorical variable to represent different phases of attendance restrictions. In the 2021/22 season, after a brief phase of stricter capacity limits, we find evidence of a significantly greater home advantage compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, this elevated effect diminishes over time despite rising spectator numbers. The findings highlight the psychological impact of fans on home team players as the primary mechanism driving home advantage. This suggests that fan presence influences mental rather than physical performance. Accordingly, clubs should prioritize players’ physical and mental well-being, even outside extraordinary contexts such as the pandemic
Animal‐free setup of a 3D mature adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture to induce inflammation in vitro
Get PDFAdipose tissue inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. It is closely associated with immune cell infiltration, particularly macrophages, and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Reliable in vitro test systems that mimic the inflamed environment while being free of animal‐derived components are essential to explore new treatments for obesity‐related diseases. This study aims to develop a straightforward, animal‐free adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture for investigating adipose tissue inflammation. Therefore, the human monocytic cell lines Mono Mac (MM6) and THP‐1 are co‐cultured with human primary mature adipocytes (ACs) encapsulated in gellan gum (GG) within a defined environment. Both monocytic cell lines are effectively activated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the defined medium, exhibiting distinct cytokine profiles. A comparison between collagen and GG demonstrates that GG is a suitable animal‐free matrix material for ACs. PMA+LPS successfully activates the 3D adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture to an inflammatory state for 72 h in the developed defined medium. Viability and intracellular lipid content remain high, and the functionality of ACs (perilipin A) in untreated models remains intact. This inflamed adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture is easy to assemble and set up in a defined environment, making it a potential test system for anti‐inflammatory treatment strategies
MCTSDE: a novel sensorless strategy for efficient and cost-effective health assessment of roller chain systems
No full textRoller chain systems play a crucial role in industrial automation, yet their condition monitoring remains challenging due to the difficulty of sensor placement on moving components. This research proposes a sensorless health assessment framework MCTSDE that leverages motor driver data (torque and position), multivariate analysis, cyclic spectral coherence, and a long-term Time-series furcating Dense Encoder network for robust degradation assessment. The developed approach extracts meaningful health indicators directly from motor signals, eliminating the need for physical sensors. Experimental validation on a custom-designed roller chain testbed demonstrates that the proposed method significantly outperforms most classical indicators and several deep learning models-based indicators, in terms of the monotonicity and trendability over the degradation process. Furthermore, the proposed framework surpasses Fourier transform-based feature extraction (MFTSDE), highlighting the effectiveness of cyclostationary analysis for capturing degradation patterns. By integrating sensorless monitoring, cyclostationary analysis, and advanced multivariate time-series modeling, this research establishes an effective and cost-saving solution, paving the way for improved predictive maintenance strategies in industrial applications, especially for roller chain system
Advancing AI adoption in Germany's manufacturing SMEs: a TOE framework analysis
No full textSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form the backbone of Europe’s largest economy, yet they face significant challenges in adopting artificial intelligence (AI). This study investigates factors influencing AI adoption in German manufacturing SMEs through the lens of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. We identify key factors of German SMEs within the manufacturing sector across the TOE dimensions by combining a systematic literature review (n = 29) and qualitative interviews (n = 15 experts). The results show that SMEs favor cost-effective AI solutions with a clear ROI, are confronted with general data protection regulation (GDPR)-related data restrictions, and benefit significantly from public subsidies—compared to larger companies. Extending the TOE framework by integrating SME-specific contextual factors (e.g., research network and public subsidies), offering actionable insights for German SMEs to bridge the AI adoption gap. Results underscore the need for userfriendly AI tools and collaborative industry-academia initiatives to enhance SME competitiveness in manufacturing
Computerised method of multiparameter optimisation of predictive control algorithms for asynchronous electric drives
Get PDFThis article addresses the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of electromechanical systems driven by asynchronous electric drives. In this context, one of the promising areas is the application of a predictive control strategy that allows for reducing energy losses in dynamic modes of electric drives. This paper proposes a computerised method for the multiparameter optimisation of predictive control algorithms for asynchronous electric drives. A computer model was designed in MATLAB and Simulink R2024a based on the gradient-based model predictive control strategy. A series of simulation experiments were carried out by varying the sampling step, number of iterations, prediction horizon, loss function parameters, and maximum linear search step to identify their impact on the control quality indicators. A taxonomic approach was used for multi-criteria optimisation. The study results show that the optimal setting of the algorithmic parameters improves the accuracy of task processing, reduces energy consumption, and reduces computation time. The results obtained can be used to design and operate energy-efficient control systems for asynchronous electric drives in industrial and transport applications. Prospects for further research will focus on hybrid intelligent architectures to enhance adaptability and integration into automated systems
Co-creating sustainability interventions in practice — coping with constitutive challenges of transdisciplinary collaboration in living labs
Get PDFSustainability research in Living Labs promises innovation through real-world experimentation. These settings require the integration of key design principles—such as participation, co-creation, and real-life application—into everyday research. Yet collaboration among diverse actors is often accompanied by persistent tensions and conflicts. This study examines a Living Lab project embedded in the net-zero transformation of a corporate city. It focuses on identifying and explaining key challenges in the daily collaboration between academic and non-academic actors, as well as the strategies used to cope with them. Following a qualitative approach, data were generated through twenty in-depth interviews and participant observations. We identify uncertainties, frustrations, overload, tensions, conflicts, and disengagement as recurring reactions in transdisciplinary collaboration. These are traced back to the following five underlying proto-challenges: (1) divergent interpretations of Living Lab concepts, (2) conflicting views on sustainability interventions, (3) difficulties in role positioning, (4) processes of instrumentalisation and over-identification, and (5) the embedded complexities of Living Lab governance. By linking these findings to Institutional Theory and Paradox Theory, we argue that the proto-challenges are not merely contingent barriers but constitutive tensions—implicitly inscribed into the normative design of Living Lab research and essential to engage with for advancing collaborative sustainability efforts
Nachhaltigkeit im Unternehmen : ohne Stakeholder geht es nicht
No full textDas Management von Anspruchsgruppen ist heute ein mächtiges Instrument und wichtiger denn je - besonders für Unternehmen, die sich nachhaltig aufstellen wollen. Nur wer Anteilseigner, Mitarbeitende, Kunden und externe Gruppen wie NGOs frühzeitig einbindet, kann Risiken vermeiden und Chancen gezielt nutzen. Damit Stakeholdermanagement erfolgreich ist, braucht es vor allem Offenheit, Vertrauen und echten Gestaltungswillen. Sind diese Voraussetzungen erfüllt, lohnt sich der Einsatz für das Unternehmen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie ein glaubwürdiger Dialog mit Stakeholdern gelingt