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The principle of rethink in circular economy : redefining business solutions
No full textThe rethink principle emphasises the importance of creating a continuous cycle and the necessity of circular economy-oriented innovations. It is interconnected to other R-principles, especially refuse and reduce. In this microchapter, the question of how companies can rethink their products/services, business models and ecosystems through sustainability-oriented and circular economy-oriented business model innovation (BMI) is addressed. A card-based tool as a method to explore the circularity potential is introduced. Then, sufficiency-based approaches are outlined, as sufficient consumption patterns rely on business offerings that enable changes - to rethink business in an advanced way. The example of the outdoor apparel and gear company VAUDE illustrates sustainability strategies based on sufficiency
The impact of IFRS 9 on the cyclicality of loan loss provisions
Get PDFAbstractThrough their procyclical behavior, loan loss provisions have been determined as one of the factors that contribute to financial instability during a crisis. IFRS 9 was introduced in 2018 with an expected credit loss model replacing the incurred loss model of IAS 39 to mitigate the effect in the future. Our study aims to analyze loan loss provisions of major banks in the Eurozone to determine for the first time if the implementation of IFRS 9, as intended by regulators, has a dampening effect on procyclicality, especially during the stressed situation under COVID‐19. We analyze 51 banks from 12 countries of the European Monetary Union using 2856 firm‐year observations. While no robust evidence of less procyclicality can be found after the implementation of IFRS 9 until the pandemic, we find evidence that loan loss provisions moved countercyclical during 2020, indicating an alleviating effect at the beginning of the exogenous shock
Database technology evolution III: knowledge graphs and linked data
No full textThis paper reviews the changes for database technology represented by the current development of the draft international standard ISO 39075 (Database Languages - GQL), which seeks a unified specification for property graphs and knowledge graphs. This paper examines these current developments as part of our review of the evolution of database technology, and their relation to the longer-term goal of supporting the Semantic Web using relational technology
Rating risks in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) projects: an expert assessment using an impact-uncontrollability matrix
Get PDFThis research paper explores the risks associated with Robotic Process Automation (RPA) projects, with a focus on the impact of disregarding key factors that affect project success. While previous studies have identified challenges and success factors for RPA projects, there is a lack of research that systematically and quantitatively evaluates these factors. To address this gap, the study uses a two-dimensional matrix to rate the impact and controllability of such risks associated with key factors in RPA projects, with data collected from 20 subject matter experts. The findings suggest that project managers should pay close attention to RPA development and process management. The high controllability ratings imply that proper planning and execution can effectively manage the identified risks. The study offers valuable insights into risk assessment for RPA projects and can assist project managers in increasing project success rates
Documentation of non-functional requirements for systems with machine learning components
Get PDF[Context and motivation] Many of today´s systems use artificial intelligence, where Machine learning (ML) is a subfield. Requirements engineering (RE) addresses the needs of the stakeholders for systems development. In particular, systems with ML components require specific non-functional requirements (NFRs) to define ML relevant details, such as quality aspects of training datasets, retrainability of ML-models or specifics of the ML training pipeline. [Problem] The specific application of RE techniques in practical use to systems with ML components is not yet completely understood. It is not clear, which techniques for elicitation, documentation of requirements can be used efficiently for ML based systems. [Ideas and results] Based on a systematic mapping study; we identify 58 NFRs used in studies to describe particular ML requirements. Through an online survey and expert interviews, we identified 30 NFRs that need to be considered in particular for systems with ML components. For the documentation of the highly relevant NFRs, a template was designed, evaluated and optimized in two IT companies. This template helps to ensure consistent documentation of the NFRs. [Contribution] Based on the systematic mapping study, the online survey and the expert interviews, we provide a list of relevant NFRs and a template for documenting the NFRs for systems with ML components. We validated the proposed template using a real world case in the context of two IT industry companies and several software projects. The evaluation shows an increased completeness of requirements
Automatisierung von Kabelverteilern (Teil 5) : Simulation der Ergebnisse 2
No full textDurch die steigende Einbindung von erneuerbaren Energiequellen auf der Verteilnetzebene sind Betreiber von Verteilnetzen gezwungen, eine aktivere Rolle im Engpassmanagement zu übernehmen. In einem früheren Beitrag wurde ein Algorithmus zur Auswahl der optimalen Topologie vorgestellt, der der Flexibilisierung der Niederspannungsnetze dient. Der Algorithmus betrachtet die Rückspeisung in die Mittelspannungsebene sowie die Einhaltung der zulässigen Spannungsbandes und Auslastung von Betriebsmitteln in der Verteilungsebene. Im jüngsten Beitrag der Publikationsreihe wurde ein Typ-Tag in diesem Zusammenhang detailliert behandelt
DESAM-ForNet portal: A novel infrastructure to integrate distributed information from practice-based research networks in the German healthcare system
Get PDFCurrently the German healthcare system does not have a generic structure to answer research questions in primary care through clinical studies. The DESAM-ForNet initiative was founded as an association of German Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRN), to propose an appropriate and feasible solution. Aim is the integration of distributed, consensual information from practices into a single point of contact. To this end, a consensus-based concept for a digital infrastructure was developed in cooperation with all partners involved. Based on a joint requirements analysis the new concept integrates the federal structure of the German health system and the existing research structures
re:search : das Forschungsmagazin, Ausgabe 6, September 2024
Get PDFEine Katze als Titel für ein Magazin zu Künstlicher Intelligenz? Und dann ausgerechnet mit diesen unnatürlichen Glubschaugen! Die Reaktionen unserer Hochschulmitglieder auf den Titel der neuesten Ausgabe von re:search - das Forschungsmagazin waren selten so kontrovers. Lassen Sie uns also ein paar Worte dazu sagen: Die Katze - mit KI erstellt und hier als Sinnbild für KI - wirkt klein und unschuldig. Doch in ihren Augen spiegelt sich auch eine Bedrohung, die noch nicht ganz greifbar ist. Wozu wird sie heranwachsen - zu einer Technologie, die uns hilft und unterstützt, oder zu einer Übermacht, die uns Menschen obsolet macht? Wir können das beeinflussen. Der erste Schritt dazu: Verständnis. Der zweite: Kritisches Denken. Also: Forschung. Die Professoren Notholt und Thomas zeigen uns zum Beispiel, wie wir mit Hilfe von KI die Energiewende schaffen können (Seite 20), ein Team des Hermann-Hollerith-Zentrums forscht mit dem Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt an zuverlässiger Software für sichere Raumfahrtmissionen (Seite 48) und Professor Himpel nutzt Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz, um die allgemeingültigste Sprache der Menschen zu verstehen: Die Musik (Seite 24). In diesem Heft zeigen wir Ihnen die vielfältigen Blickwinkel auf das Thema KI an der Hochschule Reutlingen
Global versus regional carbon taxation: exploring a natural experiment
Get PDFThe reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions has priority due to climate change. Scientists across disciplines promote carbon taxation or carbon pricing as an instrument to mitigate the negative externality of fossil energies. We exhibit two insufficiencies of today’s regulatory policy by utilizing a novel natural experiment. First, carbon taxation is only effective if it is implemented on a global scale because fossil energy markets and emissions are cross-border and global. Second, carbon taxation is based on an extrinsic mechanism and does not alter intrinsic behaviour sustainably. Our applied theory and modelling approach is corroborating these findings. The present regulatory approach is doomed to fail due to overambitious European countries and unambitious (partly realistic) rest of the world. Our interdisciplinary analysis unravels a new agenda to achieve the essential aim. What is needed is a global climate club, as proposed by Nobel Laureate William Nordhaus, with a least but global greenhouse gas reduction
RESTBERTa: a Transformer-based question answering approach for semantic search in Web API documentation
Get PDFTo enable machines to process state-of-practice Web API documentation, we propose a Transformer model for the generic task of identifying a Web API element within a syntax structure that matches a natural language query. We solve this semantic-search task with Transformer-based question answering and demonstrate the applicability of our approach to two different tasks, namely the discovery of endpoints and the identification of parameters in payload schemas. With samples from 2321 OpenAPI documentation, we prepare different datasets and fine-tune pre-trained BERT models to these two tasks. We evaluate the generalizability and the robustness of our fine-tuned models. We achieve accuracies of 81.95% for the parameter-matching and 88.44% for the endpoint-discovery task