Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Tumor muco - epidermoid
No full textNama tumor muco- epidermoid pertamakali dipergunakan oleh Stewart, Foote dan Becker dalam tahun 1945, meskipun sebelum itu telah dikenal gambaran khas tumor ini, misalnya oleh Masson clan. Berger dalain1924' dan- each tie daft Tribedi tahun 1939 dan lain-lain, tapi mereka ini lierntia tidak mein.beri keterangan tentang kelakuan dan ,prognosenya.
Incidence hepatitis infectiosa di bagian ilmu kesehatan anak rumah sakit Universitas Gadjah Mada
No full textKeywords: penyakit menular, hepatitis, hepatotropic, filterabl
The risk factor of urinarytract infection in patient with leukemia
No full textBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of most common infectious diseases in patients wuth leukemia. Some researchers showed that the prevalence of UTI was the third highest after pneumonia and gastrointestinal tract infection among children with leukemia. UTI may be affected by many factors, i.e. host, microorganism, and environment. E. coli, Klebsiella, dan Proteus are the most common bacterial etiology of UTI in leukemia. Objective: The aim of this research was to know the risk 'factor of UTI in children with leukemia. Method: This research used case-control design. Subjects of this study were children (0-15 years old) with leukemia who came to Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito Hospital since January st, 2000 until October 3", 2008. There were 38 patients in case group and 109 patients in the control group. Data collected from medical records were age, gender, nutritional status, type of leukemia, treatment phase of leukemia, and absolute neutrophil count. Risk factors analyzed were age, gender, nutritional status, and neutropenia. UTI was diagnosed by bacterial culture and bacterial count. Result: Univariate analysis showed that female gender was the risk factor of UTI (OR 2.35; CI 1.10- 5.00), meanwhile age less than 5 years old (OR 0.48; CI 0.22-1.06L poor-fair nutritional status (OR 1.20; CI 0.52-2.78), and neutropenia (OR 0.73; CI 0.35-1.55) were not risk factors of UTI. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender was the risk factor of UTI (OR 2.36; CI 1.08-5.14). Conclusion: Female gender was a risk factor of UTI in children with leukemia Keywords: leukemia - children - gender - urinary tract infection - risk factor
Psychosocial stress and bacterial vaginosis in adult women
No full textObjectlve:The purpose of this study was to assess the association of bacterial vaginosis with psychosocial stress with in adult women.Methods: A cross sectional design was used. Adult women (n = 320) aged 15 to 44 years were recruited at routine health care visits. Assessments were conducted on clinical symptoms, and an extensive selfreport interview.Results: Psychosocial stress was associated with overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (ratio prevalence, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13-1.34). Factors that may influence the association were age, frequency of douching, frequency of vaginal intercourse and use of hormonal contraceptive. The association was not changed appreciably by the control for behavioral and demographic characteristics.Conclusion: Increased psychosocial stress is associated with greater bacterial vaginosis prevalence independent of other risk factors.Key words: bacterial vaginosis - stress - immune functionin
Nonmosaic 45, XO karyotype in a woman with Turner syndrome without any cognitive, psychosocial or behavioral deficiencies (A Case report)
No full textA 22 year old woman with primary amenorrhea came to The Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Centre, University of Gadjah Mada, Dr.Sardjito Hospital. She had no abnormalities in cognitive, psychosocial or behavioral capacities, she had almost completed her university degree. On examination she had no secondary sexual development, no pathognomonic abnormal phenotype related to abnormal karyotype. There was no indication of family history associated ,;pecifically to the abnormal karyotype, phenotype feature of Turner syndrome and a specificThe patient karyotype analysis of blood sampling indicated 45XO, and it failed to demonstrate any mosaicism. Laparoscopic examination revealed a hypoplastic-lobulated-unicorns uterus, as streak gonad at the left side and no ovary at the other side.Keywords: Turner syndrome, non behavioral deficiencies. nonmosaic 45, XO karyotype, normal hormone leve
Antiplasmodial Activity of Fractions Isolated from Methanolic Extrac of Meniran Herb (Phyllanthus niruri L) traditionally Used to Treat Malaria
No full textLatar belakang: Tanaman meniran (P.niruri L.) secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk mengobati malaria. Penelitian pendahuluan terhadap berbagai ekstrak tanaman meniran menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol adalah aktif terhadap P.falciparum. Namun demikian, fraksi manakah dalam ekstrak metanol yang mempunyai aktivitas antiplasmodium belum pernah dikaji.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiplasmodium fraksi aktif tanaman meniran.Bahan dan cara: Fraksinasi yang mengacu pada bioassay dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut yang sesuai untuk memisahkan fraksi aktif dari ekstrak metanol. Pada awalnya, ekstrak metanol dipisahkan dengan etil asetat sehingga diperoleh fraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat. Fraksi tidak larut etil asetat selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan kolom kromatografi dengan fase diam Sephadex LH-20 dan fase gerak n-hexan : metanol : asam asetat (7,5 : 12,5 v/v : 10 tetes) sehingga diperoleh 4 fraksi untuk diuji aktivitasnya. Aktivitas antiplasmodium pada strain P. falciparum ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 yaitu kadar fraksi aktif yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan parasit hingga 50%. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa dalam fraksi aktif dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT).Hasil:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi tidak larut etil asetat leih aktif (IC50, 2,2-2,4 mg/mL) dari pada fraksi larut etil asetat (IC50, 4,3-4,8mg/mL). Dan pemisahan fraksi tidak larut etil asetat diperoleh 9 fraksi yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 fraksi berdasarkan gambaran KLTnya. fraksi III (FIII) merupakan fraksi paling aktif dengan IC50, 3,4-4,1 mg/mL. Identifikasi kandungan aktif F III dengan KLT menunjukkan adanya senyawa polifenol. Penelitian lanjut akan dilakukan untuk mengisolasi dan memurnikan senyawa polifenol dan mengkaji aktivitas antiplasmodiumnya.Simpulan: Fraksi III dari ekstrak metanol meniran yang mengandung senyawa polifenol merupakan fraksi paling aktif secara in vitro terhadap P.falciparum.Key words: Phyllanthus niruri, malaria, antiplasmodial activity, in vitro, polypheno
Polymorphism of vascular endhothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene insertion/ deletion -2549 as risk factor of diabetic retinophathy in Javanese patients with type 2 diabetes
No full textDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a visual disorder caused by the diabetic microvascular complications.Genetic polymorphism in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene plays an importanrole in the susceptibility of DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of thepolymorphism of VEGF gene insetion/deletion (I/D) -2549 with DR in Javanese type 2 diabetesmellitus (DM) patients. This was a case control study involving 40 Javanese type 2 DM patientswith DR as case subjects and 40 Javanese type 2 DM patients without DR as control subjects.Type 2 DM patients with DR were recruited from Eye Polyclinic, whereas type 2 DM patientswithout DR were recruited from Endocrine Polyclinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.Genotyping of VEGF gene I/D-2549 was conducted using PCR-RFLP method. Plasma VEGFlevels were measured using Enzym-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The genotype distributionof DD (67.5%) and the allele frequency of D (82.5%) in type 2 DM patients with DR was higherthan those without DR (27.5% for DD genotype and 56.3% for D allele). The OR of DD and IDgenotypes versus II genotype between type 2 DM patients with DR and without DR was 6.882(95%CI: 0.789-60.060; p=0.048), whereas OR for the D allele versus I allele between type 2 DMpatients with DR and without DR was 3.667 (95%CI: 1.773-3.667; p=0.000). The plasma VEGFlevels of DD genotype (92.16±49.73 pg/mL) were significantly higher than ID genotype(42.70±33.29 pg/mL) in type 2 DM patients (p=0.000). In conclusion, the polymorphism ofVEGF gene I/D -2549 is associated with DR in Javanese type 2 DM patients. The DD genotypeand D allele of the VEGF gene polymorphism are the risk factor of DR in those patients. Theassociation of the polymorphism of VEGF gene with DR may be explained with the high plasmaVEGF level.Keywords: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - polymorphism - diabetes - retinopathy- Javanese patient
The effect of food supplementation on nutritional status of severemalnourishment children aged 12-59 months in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region
No full textMalnutrition and malnourishment are still big problems among children in Indonesia. Age between12 to 59 months is the most important and critical time periods for the physical and intelligencedevelopment of children. Therefore, the children should obtain a good health care and nutritionaccording to their needs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of foodsupplementation on the nutritional status of children in Sleman District, Yogyakarta SpecialRegion. This was a quasi experimental study involving 60 severe malnourishment children betweenthe age of 12-59 months from Sayegan Sub Districts. Body weight and height of the childrenwere measured before and after food supplementation. Food supplements were given for 100days. The outcome of this study was the change of nutritional status based on Z-score accordingto the Ministry of Health classification adopted from WHO-NCHS (World Health Organization-US National Center for Health Statistics) recommendations. According to Z score for weight-forage(WAZ), the food supplementation did not improve the nutritional status of children. Althoughthe nutritional status of 25.87% children increased and the mean of WAZ significantly increased1.04 to be -3.29 after supplementation (p<0.05), the mean of nutritional status of the childrenwas still the worst (WAZ <-3SD). According to Z score height-for-age (HAZ), foodsupplementation did not improve nutritional status of the children either. The mean of HAZbefore food supplementation (-2.53) was not signifantly different compared to after foodsupplementation (-2.45). Moreover, mean of nutritional status of the children after foodsupplementation was still short (HAZ <-2SD). According to Z score weight-for-height (WHZ),food supplementation improved the nutritional status in 86.21% children. The mean of WHZsignificantly increased 1.13 from -3.35 to be -2.22 after food supplementation (p<0.05) indicatingthe change of nutritional status from wasted (WHZ <-3SD) to thin (WHZ <-2SD to -3SD). Inconclusion, food supplementation on children aged 12-59 months succeeds to improve theirnutritional status according to WHZ.Keywords: poor family - nutritional status - children - severe malnourishment - Z-scor
The droplet size changes of 1% propofol before and after the storage procedure for 6 and 24 hours periods
No full textPropofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a popular anesthetic agent for induction and anestheticmaintenance. Propofol preparation is formulated as a lipid macroemulsion that is thermodynamicallyunstable and degraded over time, causing the enlargement of droplet size. The degradation is fasterwhen propofol emulsion preparation package has been opened. This droplet enlargement results indecreasing propofol releasing-rate and its concentration. The risk of embolism occurs whenever themean droplet size (MDS) exceeds Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit (5 m (PFAT5) is <0.05%. In the daily practice, some propofol emulsionpreparation are often used although they are already opened and saved more than 24 hours. The aimof this study was to evaluate the droplet size changes of propofol emulsion preparation duringstorage. This was an observational study using cohort prospective design. The droplet size changesof sixteen propofol preparation samples were evaluated before and after storage procedure for 6 and24 hours in the refrigerator at the temperature of 4ºC. The droplet diameter was determined under alight microscope. Mean droplet size before and after storage were calculated and analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test with 95% confidence interval(p<0.05). The droplet diameter of propofol emulsion preparation increased significantly (p<0.05)after storage procedure for 6 h (MDS value were: 247 ± 22 nm) and 24 h (278 ± 29 nm) comparedto before storage (225 ± 24 nm). The PFAT5 at each interval time was 0%. There was no color andhomogeneity changing at each interval time (n=16/100% each time interval). In conclusion, there isa change of propofol emulsion preparation droplet size after storage procedure for 6 to 24 hours attemperature of 4ºC compared to before storage
Comparison of the effectiveness between 2% and 4% nicotinamide gel in reducing melanin index
No full textBackground: Nicotinamide is a safe agent inhibiting melanosome transfer in vitro therefore it can reduce skin pigmentation. Two percent nicotinamide cream combined with sunscreen as a lightening agent in-creases skin lightness in vivo. Measurement of skin colour changes can be performed by mexameter to measure melanin index (MI).Objective: This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2% and 4% nicotinamide gel as a lightening agent in reducing MI.Materials and Methods: This study was a double blind, randomized controlled trial involving 54 subjects. Two percent or 4% nicotinamide gel was applied on extensor right or left lower arm in each subject. MI was measured at week 0 and the end of week 1, 3, 5 and 7. MI in the evaluation weeks was compared to MI at week 0 in the 2% and 4% nicotinamide gel groups and was analyzed using paired-t test. MI decrease in the evaluation weeks between 2% and 4% nicotinamide gel groups were analyzed using independent t test. All statistical tests used a 5% and CI 95%.Result: Statistical analysis in the 2% nicotinamide gel group showed significant decrease in MI until week 7. However, in the 4% nicotinamide gel group there were significant MI decrease in the week 5 and 7. Statistical analysis showed significant decreased MI between 2% and 4% nicotinamide gel groups at week 1, 3, 5, 7.Conclusion: It was concluded that 4% nicotinamide gel had higher effectiveness compared to 2% in reducing MI as lightening agent.Key words: nicotinamide gel, melanin index, skin colour, lightening agen