Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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α-Lipoic acid inhibit the decrease of collagen deposition in ultravioled B-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts cell culture
No full textRepeated ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on human skin has been considered to be responsible in premature agingprocess because UVB has been proved to inhibit collagen deposition and accelerates collagen degradation. Clinicalstudies showed that topical usage of 5% α-lipoic acid (ALA) improved the clinical appearance of photoaged skin.However, the effect of ALA on collagen deposition and degradation in UVB-irradiated normal human skin fibroblastsculture has not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ALA on collagen deposition anddegradation in UVB-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. Culture of normal human skin fibroblasts weretreated with 0, 125, 250, 500 μM ALA diluted in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) andirradiated with 300 mJ/cm2 UVB. The mean collagen deposition and degradation’s level were measured by Siriusred assay and read with spectrophotometer at λ 550 nm. Mean difference of collagen deposition as expressed byoptical density (OD) between normal human skin fibroblasts cell after UVB irradiation and without UVB irradiationwas analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Friedman test, while mean difference collagen degradation wasanalyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t test with 95% confidence level (p0.05). In conclusion, ALAinhibited the decrease of collagen deposition, but did not inhibit collagen degradation in UVB-irradiated normalhuman skin fibroblasts culture.Key words: α-lipoic acid - collagen - human skin - fibroblasts – UVB - irradiatio
Cytotoxic selectivity of MJC0.3 and MJC0.5, acidic ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves against various cancer cell-lines
No full textMirabilis jalapa L. contains basic (MJ30) and acidic (MJC) Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Further purificationof MJC has been found two RIPs, MJC0.3 and MJC0.5. This study is aimed to prove the cytotoxic selectivity ofMJC0.3and MJC0.5against many cancer cell-lines and normal cell line. The two RIPs, MJC0.3and MJC0.5were testedtheir cytotoxic effect on 8 human cancer cell lines and normal cell using MTT assay compared with MJC protein.The highest cytotoxic activities of MJC0.3and MJC0.5were against EVSA-T followed by T47D, HeLa,WiDR, SiHa,Raji, NS1, andMCF7, with the IC50 of 59.3, 102.4, 162.9, 190.5, 249.5, and 304.5 μg/mL, respectively for MJC0.3and 32.8, 75.5, 86.0, 108.3, 346.7, and 220.06 μg/mL, respectively for MJC0.5. Based on these IC50 values,MJC0.3 and MJC0.5 were specific to EVSA-T and T47D, whereas they were not selective against Raji and SiHa(SI<10.0). It can be concluded that he acidic RIPs isolated from M. jalapa L. leaves was potential to be developedas anticancer agents for breast cancer.Key words: acidic RIPs – M. jalapa L.- cytotoxic selectivity - cancer cell lines
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of 1,10- phenanthroline derivatives and its quantitative structure-activity relationship
No full textBackground: Previous study showed that 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton were active in vitro on both Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains. Based on the skeleton, a series of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives have been synthesized. However the antiplasmodial activity of those molecules has not been reported.Objective: To know the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of thirteen 1,10-phenantroline derivatives and its quantitative structure-activity relationship.Methods: The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, FcB1Columbia (chloroquine-resistant strain) and a Nigerian (chloroquine-sensitive strain) using a radioactive micromethod. The parasite growth was estimated by [3H1-hipoxanthine incorporation after 24 and 48 hours incubation with each molecule tested. The control parasite free from any molecules was referred to as 100% growth. For this radioactive method IC5o value showing concentration inhibiting 50% of the parasite was determined graphically in concentration versus percent inhibition curves. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives were investigated using atomic net charges as predictors of their activity. Data of predictors were obtained using semi-empirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) calculation method. The possible linear relationships of in vitro antiplasmodial activity with atomic net charge parameters of those compounds were studied. The best model QSAR was evaluated by multiple linear regression method.Results: The results showed that the IC5o values of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives range from 0.02 to 11.05 uM for the FcB1 strain and from 0.14 to 19.84 pM for the Nigerian strain. The molecure (4), 2,10- methy1-3-12-chloroethyl)-4-chloropirydo [2,3-i] quinolineium iodide exhibited the best in vitro antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value ranging 0.02 to 0.16 1.1M. The best model QSAR was expressed by log IC5o = -3.4398 - 14.9050 qN1 - 8.5589 qC10 - 14.7565 qC7 + 5.0457 qC11 (n = 13; r = 0.96275; r2 = 0.92689; SE = 0.61578 and F (4,8) = 25.3556).Conclusion: The molecule (4) yield the best in vitro antiplasmodial activity on both P. falciparum strains. In addition, there is correlation between antiplasmodial activity and atomic net charges of atoms on the 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton.Key words : 1,10-phenanthroline, antiplasmodial activity, quantitative structure-activity relationship
Postmortem hemoglobin concentration changing in Sprague-Dawley white mouse
No full textBackground: Postmortem changes in a death body have a lot of purposes, one of them is predicting the time of death. The common method used to predict the time of death is by detecting hypostasis, rigidity, decreasing temperature, and decomposition.Objectives: To find out postmortem hemoglobin concentration changing pattern.Methods: This research is a preliminary study. We used Quasi Experimental Design. The subjects were 31 white male mice aged of two months old. The mouse blood was taken in a periodic time: antemortem, 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours postmortem, and hemoglobin concentration was examined using Sahli method.Results: Data taken from this research were analyzed by regression analysis and t-test. The result showed that postmortem hemoglobin against time pattern was a curve. The hemoglobin concentration is significantly decreased in the first hour (p0.05). There was no significant difference between antemortem and 0 hour postmortem (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between antemortem and 1, 2, and 3 hours postmortem (p<0.05).Conclusion: Postmortem hemoglobin concentration changing pattern is a curve, not linear. The hemoglo-bin concentration decreased in the first hour since death (statistically significant), then, increased in the second and third hour postmortem (statistically not significant). There is a significant difference between antemortem and 1, 2, and 3 hours postmortem.Keywords: Hemoglobin concentration -postmortem changes - time of death -bloo
Severe atopic dermatitis with xerophthalmia in children: A case report
No full textThe management of the atopic dermatitis is not easy and in the severe cases it is a chalenge for the physician. It was reported a 6 year and 3 month old boy with severe atopic dermatitis with erythroderma, secondary infection, marasmic type of severe malnutrition with xerophthalmia, suspected iron defeciency anemia, acute gastroenteritis and miliary tuberculosis. The child had suffered from this disease since he was 3 months old, spreading and becoming worse. The clinical manifestations were redness and black appearance of the skin, excoriation and cast in the skin, some pats of the skin chaping and watery, there was a lacerated wound around his nose. There were many relatives with atopic history in his family tree. The patient had allergy to some medicines (ampicillin and sulfa), and also to many kinds of food. There was eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. The patient had been treated with topical skin medicine, systemic antihistamin/corticosteroid, anti tuberculosis, antibiotics, and local treatment for his eyes, but no improvement. According to the discussion between pediatricians and dermatologists the patient was suffered from severe atopic dermatitis, and was suspected had another disease (geno dermatitis). It is important to avoid drugs that had triggerred allergy before. The limitation of the diet had caused severe malnutrtion. Vitamin A had to be given early. Second generation antihistamine was actually needed to be given early and for several months. It was necessary to do many examinations to establish more exact diagnosis, but the patient died before the examinations were done.Keywords : Atopi dermatitis in children - eosinophil - marasmus xerophthalmia - treatmen
Mansonia bonneae (diptera: culicidae) sebagai vektor utama filariasis yang disebabkan oleh Brugia malayi nonperiodik di daerah penduduk asli Dayak di Kalimantan Timur
No full textBackground: Nonperiodic form of B. ma/ayi was recently reported from East Kalimantan by Sudjadi as a new sub-species of filarial worm. The parasite was highly prevalent among Dayak people living from shifting cultivation of paddy rice in deep forest. Wild mosquitoes exist in the highly endemic area of Krayan, Long Ikis district, Pasir regency.Objective: To show current transmission of filariasis and its main vector species in the area of indigenous inhabitants of Dayak.Method: Wild mosquitoes were collected using human bait by standard method at night and day time in different places in the Krayan area. Wild mosquitoes landing and feeding on him were collected, than killed in local laboratory, identified and dissected to find filarial larvae.Results: Seven genera or 21 species (amount of 22.942) of mosquitoes were collected from Krayan for dissection, and they were markly predominated by Mansonia (21.960 or 95.5%) mosquitoes. Transmission of filariasis was detected currently occured in the area with the main vector of Ma. bonneae. This mosquito species was not only discovered harbouring infective larvae of the disease, but was also found as markly predominant species among Mansonia collected, particulary in locations within the environment of thick forest.Conclusion: Current transmission of filariasis with Ma. bonneae, as the main vector recorded in the highly endemic area of indigenous Dayak people in Krayan, supports the nonperiodic form of B. malayi in East Kalimantan to be zoonotic, sylvanic and phyletically they are more primitive than the other B. malayi type.Key words: filariasis - nonperiodic form of B. malayi - transmission - main vector - Ma. bonnea
Forensic Odontoiogy as one of identification methods for unknown victim body
No full textVarious etiologies, especially those are severe in quality, can result in an unidentified victim. In certain conditions, such as in a severe combusted, destructed or fragmented victim, or a skleton as the remmant of a victim forensic odontology has a very essentil role. The teeth are suitable identification materials due to their extreme individual characteristics and their resistance againts many destructing agents. The most important characteristics of the teeth to be used in forensic odontology are among others the anatomical structure, the occlusion, the eruption, the morphology, wear and tear. Antemortem data of the victim's teeth is imperative in applicating forensic odontology for victim identification at individual level. If no antemortem teeth data is available, postmortem reconstruction may direct the investigation eventhough not up to individual level. The establishment of dental record is, therefore, very important for people who have life threatehing risk.Key words : teeth - forensic odontology - unknown victim body - identification method - dental recor
Toxicity study of Zingiber officinale volatile oil as antifilariasis in mice and rats
No full textBackground: The volatile oil of Zingiber officinale has been reported effective to reduce microfilariae in Fells catus, L. According to the fact, there is chance that the volatile oil can be developed for treatment of filariasis in man. Before that idea can be realized some toxicity studies of Zingiber officinale should have to be done. Objective: This study was designed to know the potency of the acute and chronic toxicity in rodent. Methods: Acute toxicity study was perfomed in mice and rat as experimental animal and subchronic toxicity study was done only in mice. This study was done in standard methods.Results: The LD 50 value (mean ± SD) of Zingiber officinale volatile oil in mice was 8.051 ± 1.254 ml/Kg BW., while in rat the value was 12.99 ± 1.021 ml/Kg BW. Routine hematology analysis showed that no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups.Conclusion: The mechanism responsible in the death of the experimental animal in this toxicity study, seems to be the ability of the volatile oil to produce contraction of the smooth muscle especially in the airway system (trachea).Key words : microfilariae - filariasis - acute toxicity - Fells catus - chronic toxicity
Anthropometric and Body Composition Characteristics of Soccer Athletes in Yogyakarta
No full textBackground: There is considerable evidence indicating that champions of various sports events differ significantly in their physical and physiological characteristics. It is not only the intersport differences, but also in the same sport, depending upon playing position.Objective: To study anthropometric characteristics and body composition of forwards, half-liners, backs and goalkeepers of soccer athletes in Yogyakarta.Methods: 60 soccer athletes in Yogyakarta, aged 17 to 32 year were recruited in the study. Body height and weight, shoulder and pelvic breadth, trunk length, and body fat were measured and compared among subjects of different playing positions. Analysis of variance was used as statistical tests to express the difference between anthropometric characteristics and body composition among forwards, half-liners, backs and goalkeepers.Results: The result showed that the goalkeepers had the highest score of average height, weight, shoulder and pelvic breadth, trunk length and body fat. There were significant differences of height, weight and body fat among the four subgroups of soccer athletes.Conclusion: There were similarities of somatotype distributions between Yogyakarta soccer athletes and world soccer athletes.Key words: sport anthropology - soccer athletes - anthropometry - body compositio
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A case report
No full textThe Vogt-Koyanagl-Harada Syndrome is characterized by bilateral panuveitis and exudative retinal detachments, in association with cutaneous and neurosensory manifestations. This syndrome is seen most commonly in darker pigmented races, such as Orientals, Hispanics, American Indians, and blacks. It affects both sexes, although it appears to be a distinct female predominance. Most patients are between 20 to 50 years of age, but children and older adults also may be affected. A patient with some clinical symptoms of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome was reported. This patient had chronic bilateral iridocyclitis, posterior uveitis, exudative retinal detachment, cataracts related to cutaneous manifestations. This patient well responded on ophthalmologic manifestations by corticosteroid treatment but the other signs of VKH syndrome were still developing after 4 months period. The therapy for VKH syndrome was the high doses of systemic corticosterolds, and, with the severity of the anterior uveitis, topical corticosteroid was administrated frequently. A short-acting corticosteroid such as prednisone, in the range of 100-120 mg/day was given, based on the severity of the Inflammation. Some patients might require the addition of cytotoxic agents or cyclosporine.Key words : Vogt-Kayanagi-Harada syndrome - bilateral iridocyclitis - exudative retinal detachment - cutaneous manifestations