Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI 2) examination in patients with benzodiazepine addiction in Yogyakarta
No full textAddiction is a major health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence and pattern of drugsaddiction shifted according to changes in personality, stressors, or increasing responsibilityas people grow. Individual personality will affect their tendency to develop drug addiction.Benzodiazepines abuse has steadily increased. Unlike other type drugs of abuse, thecharacteristics of benzodiazepine abusers are greatly varied. Therefore, the personalitytraits and social economic factors involved in the benzodiazepine addiction are unique.In this study we evaluated the personality traits of patient with benzodiazepine addictionin Yogyakarta using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 2 test. Thisstudy was a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were 39benzodiazepine addicts obtained from private psychiatrist practices in Yogyakarta. Theinstruments used were questionnaire for personal information and MMPI 2. Statisticalanalysis was conducted with SPSS ver. 17 and significance level was defined at p<0.05.MMPI 2 test revealed a low total mental capacity index and a low basic personality index(OCEAN: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism).The clinical profiles examination showed profile of somatic symptoms due to psychologicaldisturbances, clinical symptoms of overt suspiciousness, overt negative emotionality,clinical symptoms of depression, symptoms of psychopathic behaviours (antisocial),emotional difficulty in interpersonal relationship, clinical symptoms related to overtemotion, and weird and bizarre psychological experiences. There are certain personalityvariables that may be important predictors for benzodiazepine addiction identified in thisstudy
Transplantation of melanocyte stem cells in vitiliginous skin
No full textDepigmentation in vitiligo occurs as a result of progressive loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes, and currently various modalities have been developed to re-functioning these cells. However, in area with poor melanocytes reservoir, such as old-persistent lesions or lesions on bony prominence, the modalities are hardly to achieve repigmentation. Since spontaneous repigmentation of vitiliginous skins begin mostly in follicular areas, reactivation of melanocyte precursors along the outer root sheath of hair follicle is expected to have better on this pigmentation. Melanocyte precursor came from melanocyte stem cells that originally located on bulge area of hair follicles. The latest surgical intervention in vitiligo is transplantation of melanocyte stem cells. Clinical experiments indicated that the transplantation can be performed either by transplantation of extracted follicular units or single cell suspension harvested from this area. By single cell suspension treatment, a 50 cm2 of vitiliginous skin can be handled by 15 autologous hair follicular units. These procedures are easy and can be performed by any dermatologist especially who has been trained in dermatologic surgery as well as in cellular based therapies
EFFECT OF 1,2-EPOXY-3[3-3[3,4-DIMETOXYI-PHENIL]-4H-1-BENZOPIRAN-4-ON] PROPANE (EPI) ON SIRTUIN-1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-κB EXPRESSION OF MAMMARY TUMORS INDUCED IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS BY DMBA
No full textABSTRACT The main factors contribute to breast cancer development is the combination of exogenous and endogenous factors. Endogenous factors include both SIRT1 and NF-kB. Exogenous factor used in this research is 7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). 1,2-epoxy-3[3- 3[3,4-dimetoxy-phenil]-4h-1-benzophiran-4-on] propane (EPI) is a derivative of isoflavone generate from clove leaf oil. To examine the effect of EPI on SIRT1 and NF-kB expression in DMBA-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and the correlation between SIRT1 and NFkB expressions. Tissue generated form 35 Sprague Dawley female rats aged 2 weeks old were used in this study. Those rats were divided into 7 groups (5 rats/group), namely normal control group; corn oil group; DMBA group; EPI treated groups with 1 mg/kgBW (EPI I), 2 mg/kgBW (EPI II), and 4 mg/kgBW (EPI III), respectively; and doxorubicin group. EPI and doxorubicin were administered from 1st until 15th week, while DMBA were administered from 3rd until 9th week. The paraffin block was prepared from all breast organ of the rats that terminated at the end of week 15th. Examination of SIRT1 and NF-kB expression was performed using light microscope at 400x magnifications, after immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Expression level of SIRT1 and NF-kB were analyzed using IHC-profiler plug-in in ImageJ software. SIRT1 and NF-kB expression in EPI treated groups were not significantly different with the one in Doxorubicin group, but lower than DMBA group (p=0.000). There was a positive correlation between SIRT1 and NF-kB expression (p=0.001; r=0.773) in EPI-treated group. EPI was able to prevent an increasing of SIRT1 and NF-kB expression in SD model breast cancer that induced with DMBA. There is a positive correlation between SIRT1 and NF-kB expression in EPI-treated SD rats that were induced by DMB
Efek biji mahkota dewa terhadap ekspresi
No full textThe effect of mahkota dewa seed (Phaleria macrocarpa (Schaff. Bowl.) on active caspase-3 expression in WiDr Ca colon cell line Background: Mahkota dewa (MD, Phaleria macrocarapa (Schaff) BoerII.) is widely used for cancer therapy, but its mechanism as anticancer has not been known yet. Recently, ethanol extract of MD seed has been shown to have cytotoxic effect on WiDr Ca colon cell line. Objective: The purpose of this study is to know active caspase-3 expression in WiDr Ca colon cell fine after MD treatment. Methods: WiDr Ca colon cell line was incubated with ethanol extract of MD seed in three concentrations for 48 hours. Active caspase-3 expression was shown using immunohistochemistry method. Results: In the cell line treated with ethanol extract of MD seed 11.35 uglml (1/2 IC50), 22.7 ug/mI (IC,) and 45.4 ug/ml (2x1050), immunopositive cells had been found to be 20.4%, 49% and 63%, respectively. The cell line treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in IC50 dosage only had 27.4% imunopositive cell. ConclUsion: Ethanol extract of MD seed had cytotoxic effect on WiDr cell line through the increased active caspase 3 expression. The effect was greater than 5-FU. Key words: Mahkota Dewa, WiDr cell line, Caspase 3, apoptosis, 5 F
Effects of quercetin on the nicotine-induced oxidative status in male Wistar rats: study on c-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations
No full textABSTRACTNicotine can cause atherosclerosis by activating nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway lead to induce proinflammatory cytokines release as C-reactive protein (CRP) main regulators. The increase of CRP can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase of malondialdehyde (MDA). Quercetin has been proven to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of quercetin on serum CRP and MDA concentrations in rats induced by nicotine. This was a true experimental study with post test only control group design. Thirty six of male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group I as normal control received 1 mL/kg BW of NaCl 0.9% solution. Group II as negative control received 2 mg/kg BW of nicotine and Group III as positive control received 2 mg/kg BW of nicotine and atorvastatin at dose of 5 mg/kg BW. Group IV-VI as treatment groups received 2 mg/kg BW of nicotine and quercetin at dose of 25; 50 or 100 mg/kg BW, respectively. Nicotine was given subcutaneously whereas atorvastatin and quercetin were given orally once per day for 28 days, consecutively. Serum CRP and MDA concentrations were measured using Rat hs-CRP ELISA kit and TBARS assay kit, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued using LSD post-hoc test. The results showed that quercetin reduced serum CRP and MDA concentrations in dose dependent manner. Serum CRP concentration on Group V (173.39 ± 34.85 ng/mL) and Group VI (114.15 ± 43.62 ng/mL) were significantly lower than that Group II (244.77 ± 37.95 ng/mL) (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum MDA concentration on Group IV (5.95 ± 0.11 mmol/mL), Group V (3.93 ± 0.09 mmol/mL) and Group VI (2.14 ± 0.09 mmol/mL) were significantly lower than that Group II (7.29 ± 0.06 mmol/mL) (p<0.05). In conclusion, quercetin reduces the nicotine-induced oxidative status in rats.
Physical comparison between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children of Indonesia
No full textABSTRACTIn growth studies, somatotyping allows one to characterize changes in physique during growth in order to monitor growth patterns and to better understand variations in adult physique. Information on the physique of children with short stature is limited In Indonesia the study of somatotype for Pygmy children had never been done. The aims of this study were to compare the physiques of Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children and to evaluate factors that might lead to variability in physiques. The sample consisted of 61 Rampasasa Pygmy (32 boys and 29 girls) and 319 Javanese children in Yogyakarta (173 boys and 146 girls) aged 8–13 years. Height, weight, biepicondylar breadths of the humerus and femur, calf and upper arm circumferences, and skinfolds (at triceps, subscapula, calf, and supraspine) were measured on each subject. We used somatotyped by the Heath-Carter method. The results showed that the Pygmy children were shorter, lighter, and less endomorphic than the Yogyakarta children. Our findings suggest that the observed differences between Rampasasa Pygmy and Yogyakarta children could be related mainly to environment background in the two areas
Iron deficiency screening with content hemoglobin reticulocyte (chr) in children aged 6 months to 5 years
No full textAnemia is a major health problem around the world and iron deficiency is the major cause. In children under 5 years old iron deficiency cause disruption in their growth and development. For that reasons iron deficiency in children should be detected as early as possible. The gold standard for the detection of iron deficiency is hemosiderin examination from bone marrow aspiration, but this examination is invasive and difficult to implement. Ferritin is often used to detect iron deficiency but it has various limitations. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) was introduced as a new parameter for the identification of iron deficiency. This parameter measures the levels of hemoglobin in the reticulocyteswhich is newly released from bone marrow and expected to reflect the actualconditions in the bone marrow, therefore it can detect early iron deficiency. It is expected that CHr can identify iron deficiency with cheaper, easy, and applicative method. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of CHr in screening of iron deficiency in children aged 6 months to 5 years old. The present study was a cross sectional study to determine the diagnostic performance of CHr and use ferritin as gold standard. The subjects of this study were healthy children aged 6 months-5 years old taken from Posyandu in Yogyakarta district and previously had obtained the consent of their parent/guardian. The CHr examination used a flowcytometry method by Advia120 Hematology Analyzer. The ferritin examination used an electrochemiluminescens method with Elecsys 1010. ROC curve analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and likelihood ratio were calculated using a 2x2 TABLE. Youden’s index was used to choose the proper cutoff level of CHr for diagnosing iron deficiency. The study was conducted on 104 subjects. Cutoff level of CHr was ≤27.65 pg and the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive, and negative predictive values were 91.7%,78.3%, 79.8%, 35.4%, 98.63% respectively. Positive and negative results of likelihood ratios were 4.21 and 0.1. CHr is expected to be used to screen iron deficiencyin children under 5 years old
Correlation between alkaline phosphatase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase, and bilirubin with interleukin-1b level in dogs with obstructive jaundice
No full textSurgical management in obstructive jaundice still contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. One of complications following surgery in obstructive jaundice is sepsis. This complication is caused by the toxic effects of bilirubin and bile salts, endotoxins, bacterial translocation, modulation of the immune-inflammatory cascade, decreased cellular immunity and/or nutritional status. Many studies have shown the elevated inflammatory response indicator, interleukin-1 (IL-1b), in patients with obstructive jaundice. However, only a few report described the association between the indicators of obstructive jaundice (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], g-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], and bilirubin)and the indicator of inflammatory response (interleukin-1b [IL-1b]). This study aimed to investigate the association between the indicator of obstructive jaundice (ALP, GGT, and bilirubin) and the level of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in dogs as the animal model. We performed ligation on distal common bile ducts (CBD) to produce a model of obstructive jaundice. Every three days within a month, the blood samples from ten dogs were extracted to determine the ALP, GGT, direct and total bilirubin, and IL-1b levels. We found a significant correlation between the ALP and GGT with IL-1b level with p-value of 0.036 (r=0.626) and 0.003 (r=0.826). However, there was no association between the increased directbilirubin with the IL-1b level (p=0.068; r=0.537). Moreover, the increased level of ALP and GGT had a strong correlation with the increased level of direct bilirubin with p-value of 0.004 (r=0.810) and p=0.011 (r=0.746). In conclusion, the increased level of GGT was the strongest indicator for inflammatory response in dogs with obstructive jaundice. Furthermore, the increased levels of GGT and ALP might imply the development of obstructive jaundice in dogs
Correlation between clinical findings and patient’s survival rate in congenital duodenal obstruction
No full textCongenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is one of the most common anomalies in newborns (0-30 days), and accounting for nearly half of all cases of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Although survival in infants with congenital intestinal obstruction has improved, duodenal obstruction continues to present unique challenges. A retrospective correlational study was used in this study, 49 patients with CDO were analyzed within the years of 2004 to 2009. A chi-square test was used to investigate the correlation between clinical findings (age, weight, gestational age, surgical techniques, comorbidity, and early enteral feeding) and patient’s survival rate. None of clinical findings showed a significant correlation with patient’s survival rate, except comorbidity (sepsis) and early enteral feeding showed a significant correlation with patient’s survival rate (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that comorbidity (sepsis) and early internal feeding correlated with patients’ survival rate
The characterization of NMR signal for blood pressure monitoring system and its testing
No full textABSTRACT A blood monitoring system based on NMR method has been designed on constructed. This set-up of equipment used magnetic permanent, radio frequency (RF), receiver coil (RC), function generator (FG), amplifier which included the filter, as well as the oscilloscope digital storage. The background of this research was based on the sensitivity of NMR signal. The signal must be separated from signals background. This method was done by adjusting the frequency on FG, which was connected to radio frequency (RF) coil, on empty sample. Subsequently, NMR signal was received by RC, and that signal could be shown on oscilloscope at resonance condition. The true frequency on NMR signal was Larmor frequency, and the other was background. The two variables of this experiment were the position of RF coil and the location temperature (20 up to 30oC). In conclusion, the resonance frequency of NMR signal (as Larmor frequency) was 4.7 MHz (at static magnetic field of 1,600 gauss) and it could be separated from background signals (3.4 and 6.2 MHz), and that signal was almost constant to room temperature. The equipment was used for sample testing. It gave systole/diastole data of 110/70 mmHg (on sphygmomanometer) that was similar to 17/9 mV (on NMR signal). ABSTRAK Telah dikembangkan alat pemantauan tekanan darah berdasar prinsip NMR