Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm after trans-radial approach to percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
No full textPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial pathway is associated with lower risk of severe vascular problems comparing to transfemoral. It is reported that the acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in forearm is significant lower comparing to leg. A 47 y.o. male with ACS following a transradial approach of PCI due to inferior myocardial infarction was reported. The patient experienced pain and swelling in his right forearm for 7 hr after the procedure and was later brought to hospital and treated with emergency of fasciotomy. The patient showed good post-fasciotomy recovery on the first 2 wk and showed good DASH score after 4 wk. Quick diagnosis with prompt treatment makes a better outcome for the patient. Consequently, a high level of awareness to make the diagnosis as quickly and accurately management as possible could prevent morbidity caused by late and unrecognized management compartment syndrome eventually could make a better clinical outcome
Effects of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one on serum levels of antioxidant enzymes in hyperlipidemic rats
No full textHyperlipidemia triggers oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant levels due to the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase of ROS can decrease antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). 7-OH-2-(4-OH-3-Methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one is exogenous antioxidants isolated from mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla King). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the 7-OH-2-(4-OH-3-methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one on serum levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in hyperglycemic rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into the following six groups: (N) normal group, (HL) hyperlipidemia group, (P) hyperlipidemia group with simvastatin, F10, F30, and F90 hyperlipidemia group with 7-OH-2-(4-OH-3-methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one 10, 30 and 90 mg/200g body weight (BW), respectively. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feed enriched with cholesterol and cholic acid. Treatments were administered orally by gavages. After 4 weeks of treatments, blood sample was drawn and serum levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymes were analyzed using a spectrophotometric method. Serum levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in hyperlipidemic rats treated with 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one at dose 10, 30 and 90 mg/200g BW were higher than HL group. In addition, no significantly different on serum SOD and CAT between group F90 and group P was observed (p>0.05
Evaluation of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea in a low-middle income country: Lagos experience
No full textObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder that decreases the quality of life of patients. It is an underdiagnosed medical condition in Nigeria. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentations and validate the sleep apnea screening questionnaires with a home sleep study for the diagnosis of patients with suspected OSA seen in Lagos. This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out on adult patients with suspicion of OSA referred to the Respiratory Clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. A proforma was used to obtain information and also data from home polysomnography was obtained for each patient. We selected 22 patients. The commonest presentations include snoring (20 or 90.9%), daytime somnolence (16 or 72.7%) and choking while sleeping (12 or 54.5%). The commonest comorbidities were hypertension (16 or 72.7%) and obesity (6 or 27.3%). The STOP-Bang score identified more patients with a high clinical probability for OSA than the Epworth score (20 and 12 patients respectively). Polysomnography showed evidence of sleep apnea in most suspected patients with severity ranging from mild, to moderate to severe disease (3 or 13.6%, 3 or 13.6%, and 10 or 45.5% respectively). The use of combined Epworth and STOP-Bang questionnaires combination is great tool in identifying patients with suspected cases of OSA based on clinical presentations that will eventually benefit in a resource-limited environment like Lagos. There should be increased awareness of the use of this readily available and cheap questionnaire among physicians in Lagos for ease of OSAS diagnosis for many patients
Effect of Surya Namaskar yoga practice on flexibility in the pre-elderly and elderly
No full textAnatomical and physiological changes occur along with the aging process. One of the changes is decreased flexibility due to changes in the musculoskeletal system. Upper and lower limb flexibility is closely related to the ability to carry out daily activities, which affects the quality of life of the elderly. Surya Namaskar yoga is known to help increase flexibility because it integrates stretching components within its movement. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Surya Namaskar on flexibility in the pre-elderly and elderly. It was is quasi-experimental study with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest research design. A total of 20 participants were selected using consecutive sampling according to the inclusion criteria. Flexibility measurements of the upper and lower limbs were carried out before and after the intervention using the back scratch test and chair sit and reach test methods. Surya Namaskar intervention was carried out for 8 wk. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean value of the back-scratch test (for upper limb flexibility) before and after the intervention (p<0.001). Significant differences were also found in the mean values of chair-sit-and-reach test measurements (for lower extremity flexibility) before and after the intervention (p<0.001). In conclusion, Surya Namaskar exercises can improve the flexibility of the upper and lower extremities in the pre-elderly and elderly.
Relationship of bizygomatic and bigonial breadth with the suitability of surgical masks
No full textUse of masks is mandatory to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Appropriate masks that match the face size is very important to avoid leakage. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between bizygomatic and bigonial breadth with the suitability of surgical masks. It was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted at the Occupational Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta during March to April 2021. A total 132 employees of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti aged from 20 to 64 y.o. who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study. No significantly difference in age (p=0.248) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.226) was observed. However, there was a significantly difference in bizygomatic width (p=0.000) and bigonial width (p=0.001) between men and women. The use of appropriate surgical masks was observed in 89 respondents, but not suitable for 43 respondents. There was no significantly difference between BMI, bizygomatic width and bigonial width with the suitability of surgical masks. However, old age was significantly more appropriate for using surgical masks than young people. In conclusion, BMI, bizygomatic width, and bigonial width are not substantially different with the suitability of surgical masks. However, older age is more suitable for employing surgical masks than younger age
Serum IL-17 levels correlate with urinary albumin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pregnant mice model
No full textWomen of reproductive age are more likely to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which frequently results in health issues, particularly during pregnancy. A normal pregnancy's first trimester shows a marked increase in the percentage of Th17 cells, which then steadily declined in the second and third trimesters. Meanwhile, IL-17 level increases in SLE-affected pregnant women. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between serum IL-17 and pregnancy outcome (fetus weight, blood pressure, urinary albumin) in SLE pregnant animal models. Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups, including the normal pregnant group and SLE-pregnant group. The SLE pregnant mice was made by intraperitoneally induction of 0.5 mL pristane. Serum IL-17 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The serum IL-17 level, the blood pressure and urinary albumin were significantly higher in the SLE pregnant mice group than those of the normal pregnant group (p< 0.05). The weight of fetus was significantly smaller in the group of SLE pregnant mice group than the normal pregnant group (p< 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between the serum IL-17 level and urinary albumin (p = 0.042; r = 0.459). In conclusion, serum IL-17 levels correlate with urine albumin in SLE pregnant models, but do not correlate with fetus weight and blood pressure
Moringa oleifera Lam. to accelerate wound healing: a review
No full textAn injury to the skin that disrupts the soft tissue may form a wound. The healing process in response to injury is a dynamic and well-regulated process of cellular, humoral, and molecular mechanisms that consists of four partly overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. An impaired wound-healing process may cause a formation of an abnormal scar and chronic wounds, leading to a reduced life quality. Therefore, it needs an optimal prevention strategy. Many modalities have been claimed to accelerate wound healing. The trend of using natural products is increasing in most Southeast Asian countries due to their biodiversity. Nowadays, studies on natural compounds are increasing to accelerate wound healing. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a high-value plant that each part of it has a high nutritional value as well as a great range of medicinal uses, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. In this review, we have explored the M. oleifera that are very rich in vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and phytochemical compounds like quercetin, kaempferol, and vicenin-2, that play a role in the wound healing process. Moreover, these compounds may enhance the healing of wounds with pathological conditions such as diabetes, immunocompromised and persistent infection
Comparison of cardiac marker profiles in dengue myocarditis
No full textDengue patients may experience some grade of severity. Cardiac involvement is common in severe dengue, therefore cardiac markers could be used to ensure the diagnosis of dengue myocarditis. However, information of the cardiac marker profiles in patients with milder severity of dengue infection is limited. The study aimed to evaluate creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin I (TnI) in dengue myocarditis against the spectrum severity of dengue infection in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of dengue myocarditis patients aged 1-18 yr in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to compare the increase in cardiac markers to the dengue severity. The increase of CK was observed in dengue fever/DF (6 or 75% of patients), dengue hemorrhagic fever/DHF (6 or 67%) and dengue shock syndrome/DSS (16 or 73%). Furthermore, the increase of CK-MB was also observed in DF (6 or 75%), DHF (8 or 87%), and DSS (21 or 95%). No significant difference in the increase of CK and CK-MB proportions was observed in DF compared to DHF groups and in DF compared to DSS (p>0.05). The increase of Tn I was observed in DHF (2 or 22%) and DSS (10 or 45%) groups but not observed in DF group. Significant difference in the increase of Tn I proportion was observed in DF compared to DSS groups (p=0.022). In conclusion, cardiac involvement is common in all dengue severity level. The increment of Tn I corresponds to an increase in the dengue severity level. Further research by observing cardiac markers sequentially is needed
Correlation between the degree of leukoaraiosis and hyperlipidemia in post-ischemic stroke patients
No full textLeukoaraiosis is a neurological imaging in the periventricular area and the centrum semiovale. This condition occurs due to abnormalities in the small blood vessels in the brain that lead to hypoxia. It is often observed in patients with ischemic stroke and accompanied by risk factors for hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the degree of leukoaraiosis and hyperlipidemia in post-ischemic stroke patients. A cross-sectional study retrospectively was conducted on post-ischemic stroke patients who underwent brain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) on T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequence at the Department of Radiology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, from January 2021 to March 2022. A total of 36 patients were involved in this study. The leukoaraiosis of patient was examined by brain MRI. Degree of the leukoaraiosis was determined based on Fazekas classification. Serum cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and triglyceride levels of patients were then examined. The data obtained were then analyzed using Spearman correlation test. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of leukoaraiosis and triglyceride level (p = 0.042; r = 0.292) and age (p= 0.004; r = 0.464). However, no correlation was observed between the degree of leukoaraiosis and cholesterol, HDL, and LDL (p>0.05). In conclusion, the leukoaraiosis degree is correlated with serum triglyceride levels and age in post-ischemic stroke patients