Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Cinnamomum burmannii improves insulin serum level in the normal obese subjects : preliminary study
No full textObesity is characterized with excessive accumulation of the body fat which occurs whenthe energy intake exceeds the expenditure. It is routinely associated with insulin resistanceand hyperinsulinemia. Additionally, suppressing insulin level protects female mice fromweight gaining. Cinnamon [Cinnamomum burmannii (Ness) Bl. Cortex] suppresseshyperinsulinemia condition in the type 2 diabetic rat suggesting the possible beneficial itsrole in the obesity. We aimed to investigate the effect of Cinnamon extract in the normalobese subjects. In this preliminary cross-over clinical trial, 24 normal obese subjectswere recruited and divided randomly into two groups i.e. treatment and placebo. Twograms of the cinnamon extract were given twice daily for 56 days in the treatment group.Normal obese subjects given placebo were allocated as the placebo group. After thetreatment, each of the group ran a one month run-in period, then the groups were crossoveredfor the next 56 days. Body mass index (BMI), insulin serum level, cholesterol andtriglyceride plasma levels were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study.No diet restriction nor exercise intervention was given during the study. At the end of thestudy, BMI in the treatment group (58%) were slightly reduced when compared to theplacebo group (33%), however, it was not significantly different (p>0.05). Moreover,significantly reduction in the insulin serum level was observed in 63% subject in thetreatment group compared to 33% subject in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally,there were no significant differences of cholesterol and triglyceride plasma level observedin the both group. In conclusion, cinnamon extract may give beneficial role in the normalobese subjects by suppressing the serum insulin level. Further studies are required toelucidate the specific role of cinnamon in preventing weight gain
Correlation between Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus infections and somatic symptom in community
No full textThe prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are high in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries with high prevalence of these infections varied from 20 to 63%. The T. gondii and CMV infections infections can be chronic and cause maternal and fetal deatht as well as infant defects. Previous clinical study reported that chronic infections can cause somatic symptoms indicating psychological stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between T. gondii and CMV infections with somatic symptoms. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design involving 103 eligible patients with seropositive IgG T. gondii or and CMV from six cities in Java, Indonesia. The presence of somatic symptoms was detected by using somatic symptoms inventory (SSI) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation. The percentage of patients with somatic symptoms (SSI score >48) in seropositive groups of IgG anti- T. gondii, anti-CMV, anti- T. gondii and CMV were 70.0; 62.2 and 36.2%, respectively. In addition, the prevalence ratio (PR) for each group were 1.333, 1.178, and 0.954, respectively. No significantly different in PR was observed in this study (p>0.05). In conclusion, the T. gondii and CMV infections are not correlted with the somatic symptoms.
Relationship Factors Physical Environment and Behavior house Respondents with incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Depok 2016
No full textAbstractDepok City is one of the endemic areas of dengue disease in Indonesia. An increase and spread of dengue cases was likely caused by the high mobility of the population, urban development, climate change, changes in population density and distribution. This research is an analytic study with case control design. This study found that in bivariate analysis, the variables associated with the incidence of dengue in the city of Depok are variable lighting (OR = 2.857, 95% CI = 1.179 to 7.175), variable cleaning TPA (OR = 2.210, 95% CI = 0.972 to 5.103), variable educational level (OR = 24.375 (95% CI = 3.540 to 1030.606). On multivariate analysis, the home environment variables that individuals with home lighting ineligible risk of 3.369 (95% CI: 1.418 to 8.005) compared to individuals exposed to dengue home lighting qualify as controlled by confounding variables, namely the habit of cleaning water reservoirs and jobs. On multivariate analysis, behavioral variables respondent is an individual who cleans water reservoirs are not routinely <1 time a week are at risk of 3.293 (95% CI: 1.321 to 8.212) DHF compared with individuals who have the habit of cleaning water reservoirs regularly after confounding variables are controlled by environmental conditions and education of home lighting. For Depok City Health Department inspection home lighting conditions and larvae regularly, fogging and improve health promotion to respondents on how to prevent dengue by conducting 3M plus especially on variable bathtub drain in order to suppress the incidence of dengue in the working area. For respondents in order to join and participate in efforts to Mosquito Nest Eradication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (PSN-DBD)
Comparison of Quality of Life For Breast Conserving Surgery And Mastectomy In Early Stage Breast Cancer In Breast Cancer Survivors Community
No full textBreast cancer surgery can impact patients psychologically as well as organically, which can manifest as Quality of life (QOL). Thirty patients, the age ranged between 25 and 60 years and the mean age 41 years. Twenty seven patients have married, a widow, and two unmarried. There was not found a difference in health related quality of life. No differences were seen in level of pain, skin sensitivity and related problems in surgical area. Woman in mastectomy group reported stastitically more problem with their body image. Beyond that, they also have a complaint about the feelings of sexual attractiveness than woman in breast conserving surgery (BCS). Women undergoing breast conserving surgery experience more positive outcomes than women undergoing mastectomy. Women in the mastectomy groups also reported experiencing more physical problems related to their surgery. The score of CES-D is above 16 both breast conserving surgery’s group and mastectomy’s groups. Higher scores are associated with more symptoms. There were also no differences seen among them as measured by the MOS, four main poins consists of emotional support, real support, affection support and good social interactions. There were also no differences seen among them as measured by the RDAS consists of three aspects (concensus, satisfaction, cohession). This can happen because the doctors give well support and education to all patients. Despite, the patients, their families, their partners also give support each other. The women sight of their body images was considered making well social interaction. Most of the study showed the declining of social interactions after the surgery. This happened beacuse they were apprehensive about rejection in social life
Risk Factors for Acute Otitis Media in Children at Dr.Soedono Hospital
No full textAcute otitis media (OMA) was the most common ear infection in children. Because of Tuba Eustachius was not developed yet, shorter and flatter / horizontal in children so the secretions of nasopharynx were easier to enter the middle ear. OMA can cause many complications such as subperiosteal abscess to severe complications like meningitis and brain abscess. Epidemiological studies of OMA in developing countries were still rare. The prevalence of OMA was different in many country, ranging from 2.3 - 20%. The result of study showed that the prevalence of OMA in children in East Jakarta was 5.38%, and the highest prevalence was on group among 2-5 years old. 179 patients analyzed were 50.8% male and 49.2% female. The mean age of this study subjects was 4.75 years (SD 4.54). 31.3% were diagnosed with OMA. There was no difference in the location of the OMA occurrence between the right and left ear. There was a significant correlation between age factor and the incidence of OMA (p = 0.014) and subjects which under 5 years of old became a risk factor for OMA. The results also showed that there was a correlation between treatment and the incidence of OMA (p = 0.000), ARI patients without treatment was being a risk factor for the incidence of OMA in children. There was no correlation between sex, type factor and health insurance against the occurrence of OMA
The correlation between occurrence of dental caries and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of elderly population in Yogyakarta Special Region
No full textDental caries is the most common oral disease affecting humans. Based on the Indonesia Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013, prevalence of dental caries in 2013 increased up to 53.2% from 43.4% in 2007. One of the two most increasing prevalence occurred in population of more than 65 years. This disease might affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) since it causes pain, physical and psychological discomfort. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between occurrence of dental caries and OHRQoL in elderly population in Yogyakarta Special Region. One hundred and eighteen people aged 60 – 80 years consisting 73 female and 45 male involved in the study. The occurrence of dental caries and OHRQoL were determined using decay-missing-filling teeth (DMFT) index, whereas geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) instruments, respectively. The data then were classified into very low, low, moderate and high DMFT and low, moderate and high GOHAI. Spearman’s rank correlation test was conducted to determine correlation between occurrence of dental caries and OHRQoL. Mean scores ofDMFT index and GOHAI were 16.61 ± 7.16 and 47.97 ± 9.03, respectively. Very low, low, moderate, and high DMFT index were experienced by 4 (3.38%), 13 (11.02%), 25 (21.19%) and 76 (64.41%) of 118 elderly, respectively. Low, moderate and high GOHAI were experienced by 71 (60.17%), 25 (21.19%) and 22 (18.64%) of 118 elderly, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient (r) was -0.263 (p=0.004). There is a negative moderate significant correlation between the occurrence of dental caries and OHRQoL of elderly population in Yogyakarta Special Region
Severity and treatment level of acute gastroenteritis with rotavirus in children under 5 years in INDONESIA
No full textRotavirus diarrhea causing gastroenteritis in children under five years is an importantissue that urgently needs to be addressed globally. Delay in management of rotavirusdiarrhea can be fatal. Diagnostic tool for detecting rotavirus is, therefore, needed.However, until now the gold standard diagnostic tools are expensive, often not availableand affordable in health care settings. The aim of the study was to compare the Vesikariclinical severity score of rotavirus-positive with rotavirus-negative in hospitalized childrenwith acute gastroenteritis. Furthermore, the difference of the level of treatment betweenrotavirus-positive with rotavirus-negative was also evaluated. This was a cross sectionalstudy that using secondary data from medical records of five general teaching hospital inIndonesia. Subjects were children aged <5 years with acute watery diarrhea admitted tothe hospital. Statistical analysis used was chi square test, U-Mann Whitney, and KruskalWallis. The results showed that the patient with rotavirus positive have higher dehydration(80.2%) compared to rotavirus negative (70%). The severity level of clinical feature washigher in diarrhea due to rotavirus positive than non rotavirus (11.47± 2.89 vs 10.41± 2.70; p<0.000). The level of treatment was higher in rotavirus positive. The majorityhad treatment plan C (47.7%) higher than plan B and A (45.6% and 30.9%; p<0.050).This was opposite with patient with rotavirus negative that majority had treatment inplan A (69.1%) higher than plan B and C (54.4% and 52.3%) (p<0.001). In conclusion,the severity of gastroentrities in children under 5 years using vesikari score are higher indiarrhea due to rotavirus positive than non rotavirus. The treatment level plan C is higherthan plan B and A in diarrhea due to rotavirus. This is opposite with non rotavirus majorityhave treatment in plan A higher than plan B and C
Insecticide resistance and mechanisms of aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
No full textFor several decades, applications of organophosphates and pyrethroids insecticides have been extensively used to control Aedes aegypti as the primary dengue vector. Hence it is important to study dengue vector resistance status and its mechanisms in relation to long term use of insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and to characterize mechanisms of Ae. aegypti to organophosphates and pyrethroids using biological, biochemical and molecular assays. Larvae and puppae of Ae. aegypti were collected in the field of Plosokuning, Minomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The biological assay was carried out using CDC Bottle Bioassay to test the resistant status to malation and cypermetrin. The biochemical assay was conducted using microplate assay with substrate α-naphthyl acetate to test the presence of esterase elevated activity, and the molecular assay was done using PCR with AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 primer to detect of point mutation at 1534 site, that located in the area of segment 6 of domain III. The biological assay showed Ae. aegypti suggests the possibility of resistance to malathion (mortality 82%) that needs to be confirmed further and already resistant to cypermetrin (mortality 76%). The biochemical assay of Ae. aegypti showed the presence of non-specific esterase elevated activity. The PCR method showed specific DNA bands were formed with the size of 748bp, and with sequencing showed there has been F1354C point mutation of voltage gated sodium chanel gene in the area of segment 6 of domain III. Long term use of insecticides did not successfully eliminate the targeted dengue vector, because Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were resistant to both insecticides. The results demonstrate the importance of designing better health policies regarding insecticide usag
Child tuberculosis in Respira Lung Hospital, Yogyakarta: demographic and clinical profiles
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among children in endemic settings. Demografic and clinical profiles of children with TB in Yogyakarta have not been well documented. A total of 80 children with TB were diagnosed with TB during the study period. There were 41 (51.2%) females and 39 (48.8%) males. The case findings of child TB cases has been increasing from 20 cases in 2014, 28 cases in 2015, and 32 cases in 2016. The majority of the children (89.3%) aged less than 5 years. The most common symptoms were cough 50 (62.5%), followed by weight loss 45 (56.3%), and fever 28 (35%). Contact with a TB case was identified in 46 (57.5%) children. Mantoux test was done in 76 (95%) children with positive result documented in 61(76.3%) children. Chest X-ray was done in 54 (67.5%) children, of which 52 (65%) chest X- rays showed suggestive of TB. Confirmed diagnosis (bacteriology) was only documented in one child (1.25%)
Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Endemic Area of Central Java
No full textMalaria caused 212 million cases worldwide in 2015 which associated to environmental factors, ecology, and the presence of vectors. Annual paracite incidence (API) in Indonesia in 2011-2015 decreased. Unfortunately, malaria incidence always exist in Purworejo District which known as one of endemic area in Central Java. This research aimed to determine risk factors of malaria incidence in endemic area especially in Purworejo, Central Java. Logistc regression showed that period of residency 19-34 years (OR=1.612; 95% CI 0.853-3.046), period of residency >34 years (OR=2.050; 95% CI 1.036-4.060), male (OR=2.349; 95% CI 1.365-4.043), and education level less than junior high school (OR=1.677; 95% CI 0.976-2.882) as contributing risk factor to malaria incidence in Purworejo District