Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Resistance to doxorubicin correlated with dysregulation of microRNA-451 and P-glyoprotein, caspase 3, estrogen Receptor on Breast Cancer cell line
No full textDoxorubicin (Dox)has beenused widely in breast cancer therapy. One of the problems in chemotherapy is the development of resistance to chemotherapy that lead to metastasis and relapse aggressiveness of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that regulate protein expression and play role in carcinogenesis, as well as cancer chemotherapy resistance. MiR-451 is classified as tumour suppressor miRNA, that binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) of MDR1, and leads disruption of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression. Thestudy aimed to investigate the association between miR-451 and Pgp related with Dox resistance mechanism. In silico analysis was conducted to predict the binding affinity between miR-451 and mRNA of MDR1. The MCF-7 cell line was used as wild type model, while MCF-7/Dox was used as a model of resistance. qPCR was conducted to calculated miR-451 expression and immunocytochemistry was used to observe Pgp expression. miRNA was down-regulated in both on MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox. On the other hand, Pgp expression was detectable in the cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane in MCF-7/Dox. The Pgp expression was higher in the MCF-7/Dox compared to MCF-7. In conlusion, the over expression of Pgp is associated with the resistance to MCF-7/Dox
Solitary dermal cylindroma: a rare case report
No full textDermal cylindromas are rare benign skin appendageal tumors that has two clinical presentation, solitary and multiple form. The diagnosis is unusual.However, it must be considered in clinical practice.A 51-year-old woman hadpainless nodule on right arm. Skin examinatipn revealedtwo fragmented nodules, 1x0.5x0.5cm, tan to white, and rubbery. Histopathological findings revealed a well demarcated and an unencapsulated epithelial dermal tumor, composed of numerous oval and polygonal nests molded into a "jig-saw" or "mosaic" appearance at low power. The nests of cells were composed of basaloid cells with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei and paler cells at the center. Nests of epithelial cells were surrounded and penetrated by a thickened band of basement membrane material that was PAS-positive. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with p63 showed positive staining on basaloid cells. Langerhans dendritic cells in the surrounding nests stained positive with CD1a. Solitary dermal cylindroma occurred sporadically in patients without family history of cutaneous cylindromas.Combination of morphologic, histochemystry and immunohistochemystry staining were needed for accurate diagnosis
The analysis of cell damage of liver and kidney among alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
No full textAlcohol tends to disrupt the organs function of human body, even can cause serious and chronic damage. In Indonesia, the data on cell damage taken from organs including the livers and kidneys among alcoholics are still practically unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the differences of organs’ cell disturbance between alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A crosssectional study was conducted among 197 people in Yogyakarta, including 96 alcoholics and 101 non-alcoholics. The material of the study was taken from venous blood samples. A kinetic photometric test was conducted to obtain data on blood-chemical markers’ value of livers (SGOT, SGPT, and GGT), and kidneys (BUN and serum creatinine). The data werethen analyzed by Chi square test.From a total of 96 alcoholics, 83.6% are males and 16.4% are females who consumed alcohol for an average of 16 years, with 51.6% routinely consuming it daily. The kind of alcohol they consumed was single-brand (59.8%). Based on 25th percentile (GGT), on 50th percentile (SGOT, GGT), and on 75th percentile (SGPT, GGT), the alcoholics had higher proportion value of liver marker disturbance than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Based on the 50th and 75th percentiles, the alcoholics also had higher proportion value on kidney marker (BUN) damage than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences in GFR values between males and females (p<0.05), males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than females. There was no significant difference in the value of GFR between alcoholics and non-alcoholics. In conclusion, the alcoholics hassignificantly higher proportion value of blood-chemical markers than that non-alcoholics. The GFR values between males and females are also significantly different, and males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than that of females
Prevalence of urinary incontinence and its association with the body mass index (BMI) among pregnant women in Ternate Island
No full textUrinary incontinence, a condition where a patient cannot withhold urinating, can cause health, social and psychological problems. This condition is not life threatening but can affect their quality of life due to the difficulties of treatment in the psychological and social problems. Even though this disorder is common in pregnancy, the exact cause is still unknown. Many researchers assert that urinary incontinence is due to multifactorial causes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its relationship with body mass index (BMI). A cross sectional study involving 224 pregnant women in the primary health centers on Ternate Island was conducted using the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). Respondents with a history of urinary incontinence without pregnancy or positive urinary tract infection diagnosis were excluded from this study. Data were gathered through interviews and physical examinations. The total prevalence of urinary incontinence was 28.6%. Urge incontinence (39.0%) was the most common type followed by mixed (37.5%) and the least common was stress incontinence (23.4%). There was a significantly association between urinary incontinence and maternal BMI (p=0.045). Urinary incontinence occured as much as 2.167 (95% CI: 1.008 - 4.656) times greater in pregnant women with obesity than those who had an ideal BMI. In conclusion, urge incontinence is the most common type of urinary incontinence. There is a significant correlation between urinary incontinence and the BMI of pregnant women, especially in obese women
The role of genital tract infection inpreterm delivery: aretrospective study
No full text Preterm delivery is associated with higher mortality and morbidity of neonates, also increasestheir risk of having growth and development impairment.This study aimed toidentify the role ofgenital tract infection in preterm delivery. A retrospective study was conducted on medical records of mothers who had preterm delivery in a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia during 2017. The data collected were mothers’ age and their gestational age, the history of current pregnancy, the number of previous abortion(s), mothers’ body temperature, the extent of abnormal vaginal discharge, and laboratory findings (white blood cell count, platelet count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin count, hematocrit level, urinalysis and microbiology results). The statistical differences amongst categorical and numerical data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and the Mann-Whitney test. Based on the patient’s history and the examination results, we suspected genital tract infections in22.52% (25/111)of subjects. All of them had abnormal vaginal discharge despite only one case had been confirmed as streptococcal infection. This study found that the majority of mothers with probable genital tract infection hadpreterm premature rupture of the membrane whilst preeclampsiawas more evident in those without genital tract infection. We conclude that genital tract infection during pregnancy is a significant contributor to the occurence of premature birth so that microbiological testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis
Mode of action of tocotrienol as anticancer
No full textTocotrienols are fat soluble substances members of the vitamin E family with the main properties of antioxidant. They are composed of the chiral center of chromanol ring with polypreniyl side chains. Research suggests that tocotrienols have a number of health benefit, and one of them as an anticancer agent. As an anticancer, tocotrienols could perform in different processes of the multi stages of cancer development and interact with other anticancer medicines and other bioactive substances, suchs geneistein, lovastin, hydroxychavicol, 6- gingerol and sesamin. The anticancer activities occur through their roles as antioxidant, coenzyme, gene expression regulator, and preventing cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the expression of HMGCR enzyme after transcription, through this method, tocotrienols could control the cholesterol level of cancer cells and prevent the growth of the cancer. Tocotrienols target several signalling pathways at cellular and molecular levels
The eyelid tumor in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
No full textMany types of eyelid tumors may easily be diagnosed from a clinical point of view. However only a small number of large studies exist exploring the frequency of eyelid lesions from different regions. According to the epidemiology of various eyelid lesions happened in Yogyakarta Special Region, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of eyelid tumors in Yogyakarta Special Region. A total of 94 patients were enrolled in a descriptive study. The data were taken retrospectively from the medical record. All patients were diagnosed with eyelid tumors from January 2014 until December 2017 by histopathological examination. Among the subjects, 56 (59.6%) were male and 38 (40.4%) were female. There was no difference found in laterality (OD 46% vs OS 50%). Sebaceous carcinoma was found in 15 (16%) patients, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 13 (13.8%), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 11 (11.7%), epidermoid cyst 7 (7.4%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma 7 (7.4%), and others. We also found that 11 (11.7%) of patients showed an inflammation appearance only. The therapy was varied from extirpation and biopsy (39.4%), wide excision (27.7%), excision and biopsy (18.1%), exenteration (10.6%), and also anterior and lateral orbitotomy (2.1%) for each procedure. The eyelid tumor was found equally in the right and the left eye. Sebaceous carcinoma followed by SCC and BCC were the most common eyelid tumor found in this study. A further study is needed to determine the risk factor of each tumor
Longevity and development of Aedes aegypti larvae to imago in domestic sewage water
No full textDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Ae. Aegypti) that lives and breeds in clean water. The aim of the study was to analyze the difference of the longevity and development of Ae. aegypti larva in the difference pH of domestic sewage water. This experimental used post only control group design to analyze population of Ae. aegypti instar III larvae which was bred in the Entomology Laboratory of the Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java. The number of tested larvae was 25 per media with six replications. Thus, the total number of larvae was 750. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and followed by Mann Whitney test. The result showed that Ae. aegypti larva could survive and breed to be mosquitos in the domestic sewage water with various pH levels. There was significant difference between the number of larvae transforming to pupa (p=0.002), pupa to imago (p=0.001), and the number of survival imago until second week (p<0.001) in the domestic waste water with various pH levels. Other findings revealed that people tended to wash away larvae they found in the water, but still used the water for daily live. As a result, the larvae bred in the domestic sewage water. Therefore, elimination breeding place (EBP) program needs to be socialized to make people aware of either domestic waste water or domestic clean water
Pathogenesis, evaluation, and recent management of diabetic foot ulcer
No full textDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major health problem as the number of patients continues to increase, are difficult to heal, require enormous management costs, and deteriorate the quality of life of patients, their families and societies. The pathogenesis of DFUs is complex. Most important factors that increase the risk of DFUs are peripheral neuropathy, foot deformities, frequent minor trauma, and peripheral arterial disease. Neuropeptides derangement, hypoxia, hyperglycemia, and infection act as the cause of chronicity of DFUs. Therefore, during the initial evaluation of DFU, patients need to be checked for their metabolic status, presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, foot deformities, and infection of the ulcer and its underlying bone. Then, DFUs are classified by the severity of vascular insufficiency, the depth of the wound, and the severity of the infection. This classification system helps clinicians to determine whether the patient needs to be hospitalized or amputated and helps to establish DFU management strategies. In the management of DFUs, adequate blood flow to the wound area should be achieved. Glycemic control and standard wound care should be encouraged. Standard wound care includes debridement, offloading, wound moisture balance with suitable dressing, edema control, and infection control. Education about preventive foot care should be taught to the patients and their families. As the pathogenesis and management of DFUs are complex, a multidisciplinary team consists of expert individuals in their respective fields should be involved
Aloe vera stimulate cell proliferation, cell migration, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) on fibroblast of diabetic rat models
No full textThe disturbance of cell migration and cell proliferation,diminished production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) are important factors in wound healing process. Aloe vera contains active compounds which can help in the wound healing process. Thestudy aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract ofA. veraon cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression of skin fibroblast cells of diabetic rats. The primary skin fibroblast cells were isolated from diabetic Wistar rat and incubated with the A. vera extract in various concentrations i.e. 500 (AV500), 250 (AV250), and 125 µg/Ml (AV125) for 24, 48 and 72 h.The cell proliferation was examined visually by counting the cells number, the cell migration was observed using in vitro scratch assay, whereas VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression were examined using RT-PCR. In 24 and 48h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 and AV250 groups had higher number of cells than negative control group,but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). However in72 h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 group (29.33±1.28x104 cells/mL)was significantly different compared to negative control group (22.91±3.21x104 cells/mL) (p0.05).The expression of VEGF-A and JNK-1 after incubation with the AV500 for 48 h, weresignificantly higher than those of negative control group (p<0.05).In conclusion, A. vera increases cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression offibroblast cellof diabetic rat skin