Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Complication of trans-rectal prostate biopsy based on Clavien index: 5 years of experience
No full textTrans-rectal prostate biopsy has become the gold standard for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in developing countries. Despite its low risk, there are some post-procedural complications. The complications are classified by using a modified Clavien-Dindo system. The study aimed to recognize complications of trans-rectal prostate biopsy procedure by using Clavien-Dindo classification index. All patients undergoing trans-rectal prostate biopsy procedure in the Department of Urology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital between January 2015-December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed in terms of post-procedural complaints, underlying comorbidities and ongoing additional examinations. The complaints were compiled into Clavien-Dindo classification. Univariate analysis of various predictors of post-procedural complications was also conducted. It was found 98 complication events from 400 patients (24.5%). Most complications were 1st degree (dysuria, hematuria, urinary retention, fever, rectal pain and bleeding, erectile dysfunction, and constipation). In univariate analysis, positive results of urinary culture correlated to the emergence of post-procedural complications. In conclusion, the incidence of post-trans-rectal prostate biopsy complication in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital reached 24.5%. From all of the risk factors, positive urinary culture is related to the post-biopsy complication. Most complications are in the 1st grade of Clavien index, suggesting that the procedure is relatively safe and has a low ris
Adjustment of sperm cryopreservation laboratory management during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed the order of life in all fields, particularlyin medical services. Laboratory services in sperm cryopreservation that partof andrology or in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory cannot be separated withhandling sperm from patients. Although the presence of viruses in semenhas been known through various studies, there is scarce evidence regardingwhether sperm fluid can be a medium of COVID-19 transmission. This raisedthe question of whether some adjustments to manage patient sperm shouldbe made. This review described an overview of the various efforts that can bemade to reduce the risk of disease transmission to health workers who handlepatient sperm fluid
The impact of glucose control index on erectile hardness score among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
No full textThe prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) was reported to vary from 37.5 to52% in men above 40. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) maycause the nervesand blood vessels damages that worsened the ED. This study aimed to evaluatethe correlation between the glucose control index and the erection hardnessscore (EHS) among T2DM patients. The cross-sectional observational studywas conducted in two district hospitals i.e. Manambai Abdulkadir DistrictHospital, Sumbawa, and Dompu District Hospital, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia. Forty-five patients with T2DM were involved in this study. Data werecollected using structural questioners during the period from June 1st to August1st, 2017 and were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Pearson correlation and logisticregression analysis were used to determine the odds ratio (OR). Among 45patients having age 57.38± 7.22 years involved in this study, 38 (84.4%) patientshad ED, 26 (57.8%) uncontrolled DM, 5 (11.1%) congestive heart failure (CHF),4 (8.9%) chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and 7 (15.6%) neuropathy diabetic.A strong correlation between random glucose level and IIEF-5 score (r=0.91;p=0.01) was observed. The overall odds ratio of ED in this study was 4.3 (95%CI: 0.73 to 25.1) for uncontrolled DM, 2.5 (95% CI: 0.1 to 51.1) for CHF, 2 (95%CI: 0.01 to 41.6) for CKD, and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.1 to 11.5) for neuropathy diabetics.In conclusion, there is a strong correlation between random glucose level,duration of diagnosed DM and EHS. Active screening is recommended for thispopulation
The rotavirus causing acute gastroenteritis in children of under 5-year of age in Indonesia 1972-2018: a review
No full textThe reason of this review is the absence of thorough information of rotavirusinfection that had been the major cause of severe diarrhea in children of under5-years of age in Indonesia, despite numerous publications elaborating rotavirusinfection in some geographic areas of Indonesia. A review was conductedtowards 52 published articles covering rotavirus research in Indonesia duringperiod of 1972-2018.A thirty three selected articles were match with reviewcriteria which comprises rotavirus positive rate, clinical features, and severityof rotavirus infection, as well as genotypes of the rotavirus. Rotavirus has beenknown as the major cause of severe diarrhea among children under 5 years ofage world wide including in Indonesia. The rotavirus positive rates were rangefrom 31.1 to 90.9%, which variably to different subject’s population, studycriteria and methods, and time. Rotavirus can cause severe diarrhea withmajority of infected children suffered from dehydration, vomiting, and fever.The first genotyping conducted in Indonesia in the early 1980s revealed thepredominant genotypes were G3 and G4, followed by G2, and small proportionof G1 and mixed genotypes. However the following decades G1 and G2 were onthe raise with G3 predominantly re-appeared on 2015. G9 was first identified in2004, and occasionally detected until 2015. The P genotyping revealed P[4], P[6],and P[8] were the common genotypes detected. Mixed and untyped genotypeswere also detected in various proportion. Rotavirus diarrhea is a vaccinationpreventable disease, after natural infection, the immune system will produceprotective antibodies that will protect from infection of both homotypic andheterotypic, however homotypic infection will protect stronger. Therefore thisreview recommends continuous rotavirus genotypes surveillance in Indonesia
Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan infection among child students with disabilities in Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
No full textChildren with disabilities are excluded from many aspects of life. Unfortunately, they have an increased risk of infection from many kinds of pathogens including intestinal protozoan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections and to evaluate the associated factors among children with disabilities in Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at school with special needs between June-December, 2019. A total of 150 participants were recruited through simple random sampling. Stool samples were examined microscopically by formalin-ether concentration and Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Age was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney tests, while the other variables used chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with intestinal protozoan infections. The adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval at a 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength of association. Overall, there were 15 children infected by intestinal protozoan among 130 subjects with mean age of participants of 9.83 ± 3.1 years. The intestinal protozoan species were Entamoeba histolytica 7 (5.38%), Giardia lamblia 4 (3.08%), Blastocystis hominis 7 (5.38%) and Iodamoeba butschlii 1 (0.77%). Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among children with disabilities in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Special Region was 11.54%. There were no significant correlations between the risk factors and intestinal protozoan infection among children with disabilities (p>0.05)
Sinonasal or nasopharyngeal undifferentiated Carcinoma?: diagnostic pitfall and the role of Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV) and human papillomavirus(HPV) examination
No full textUndifferentiated carcinoma of the head and neck is frequently observed in nasopharynx, however it may also occur in oropharynx, salivary gland and sinonasal. Overlapping lesions in those regionscreate difficulty in determining the origin of the tumor. Thus, it causes diagnostic pitfall not only for pathologists, but also for clinicians. A 40 yearold man, presented with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, diplopia, and headache for a yearand showed nasal cavitysinistra and nasopharynx masses on CT-scan. Lymph node enlargement was not detected. First biopsywas performed and histopathologically diagnosed as nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma(NPC), extended into nasal cavity. Chemo-radiation protocol for NPC was conducted, and showing uncomplete response. Second biopsy was done, and reviewed with the first biopsy result. Thetumourwas arranged insolid, syncytial and trabecular pattern, with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and lack of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrat. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of p16, EBNA1 and LMP1 were negative. PCR analysis of HPV-18 was positive, while EBV detection showed negative result. General association of EBV with NPC suggests that the presence of latent EBV infection can serve as a positive marker for NPC. Therefore, in this case, the EBV negativity and strong HPV association led to diagnosis of SNUC. The distinction of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) or from NPC was important for appropriate management and therapy
Validation test of Indonesian pelvic floor distress inventory-20 (Indonesian PFDI-20)
No full textThe pelvic floor distress inventory-20 (PFDI-20) questionnaire is one of the questionnaires used to help find out complaints of pelvic floor dysfunction. The questionnaire is also frequently used in studies related to pelvic floor dysfunction. The validation test results of the questionnaire have not been obtained from Indonesian population.This study aimed to obtain an Indonesian PFDI-20 questionnaire that is in accordance with the original questionnaire and valid as well as reliable use for the Indonesian population.The validation test series were conducted through several stages: forward translation, back-translation, expert panel, pre-testing, and cognitive interviewing, final version and documentation. Data of 77 female respondents of reproductive age in the Yogyakarta Special Region were collected from January to March 2018.The statistical test result of questionnaire validity from the corrected item-total correlation of each question item has value more than 0.30 (0.385-0.781) indicating that the Indonesian PFDI-20 questionnaire was valid. Test reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach’s alpha with a high significant result of 0.911 (0.902-0.913)> r table was obtained. In conclusion, the Indonesian PFDI-20 questionnaire is valid and reliable, thereforeit can be used in Indonesian population
Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: A reasonable option for the pandemic based on both scientific and practical point of views
No full textConvalescent plasma treatment has become a promising adjunctive option to treat COVID-19. Several case reports consistently supported the feasibility of this approach by showing the safety and improvements of clinical and laboratory aspects from the treated patients. However, more clinical trials are still required to establish the definitive statement about its potential effectiveness. We review the scientific basis for the application of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 to understand its potentials better. We also cover the potential risks and benefits for this treatment in order to be more selective and careful when preparing and deciding to apply this approach. Lastly, we summarize any important points to monitor after the administration of this treatment to prioritize safety and measure the effectiveness of the treatment
Immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a concise update
No full textSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which has been identified as the cause of the recently emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory-related infectious disease, in late 2019. As of May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people with almost 300.000 deaths worldwide only within few months since its first case was reported. While this infection mostly results in mild diseases, the increasing number of severe cases and deaths cannot be overlooked. Due to its novelty, many facets of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are not well understood. This review presents updated knowledge on the key virus characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and critical notes in the pathogenesis of this viral infection in human that is currently proposed to largely involve various aspects of the host immune responses. While the immediate impact of viral infection in the target cells contributes to the development of the disease, the ability of the virus to modify the host responses may result in the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, which commonly manifest in the severe spectrum of the disease. Having deep understanding on this complex process is central for tailoring appropriate management for the infected patients as well as for developing effective preventive measures, most importantly vaccine, which is hoped to occur in the near future