National University of Ireland, Maynooth
MURAL - Maynooth University Research Archive LibraryNot a member yet
18981 research outputs found
Sort by
Associations between sleep problems in children with ADHD and parental insomnia and ADHD symptoms
Get PDFSleep problems are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children’s sleep problem may influence, and be influenced by, parents’ sleep problems as well as parents’ ADHD symptoms. In the current study we examined the associations of parent-rated sleep quality and sleep timing of pre-adolescent children with parental insomnia symptoms, parental ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep in a convenience sample recruited by advertisement (N = 120). Childhood sleep problems were common in the sample, with 82% of children exceeding the threshold for the presence of a paediatric sleep disorder. Children’s sleep quality showed minimal association with their sleep timing and chronotype. Parental insomnia symptoms, ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep all associated with their children’s sleep quality, and with the sleep subdomains of sleep anxiety and parasomnias. In multiple regression analysis only parental insomnia score was a significant predictor of children’s sleep quality. Children’s bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, chronotype or social jetlag did not associate with parents’ ADHD or insomnia symptoms. Sleep quality was significantly poorer in children whose parents scored as both consistent for adult ADHD and probable for insomnia disorder compared to parents who scored as either ADHD consistent or insomnia probable, or those who parents scored as neither. We discuss the putative nature of the relationships between sleep quality of children with ADHD and parental ADHD and insomnia symptoms, and suggest that clinicians consider parental sleep when attending to children with ADHD
Carbon monoxide licensing of MSCs enhances their efficacy through autophagy-mediated miRNA mechanisms
Get PDFSepsis is a complex condition leading to multiple organ failure including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) secondary to infection. The mortality rate of sepsis is 40%–60%,1 indicating an
unmet need for the development of novel
therapeutics for this condition. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for
their immunomodulatory and cytoprotective
effects; however, their efficacy as a cellular
therapy for sepsis has been disappointing,
with less than �50% of patients responding
to treatment. Thus, strategies to enhance
MSC efficacy to increase the response rates
in patients are eagerly awaited
Transboundary Climate Risks for the Island of Ireland (TCRII)
Get PDFTransboundary climate risks (TCRs) cross national borders. They are associated with climate change impacts
that propagate through different pathways to affect other countries and regions and result from climate change
adaptations made in one or more countries having repercussions for others. These emerging climate risks are
poorly studied, even though they could have significant impacts on a national scale. The Transboundary Climate
Risks for the Island of Ireland (TCRII) project undertook a literature review and worked with stakeholders to identify
approaches for the assessment of TCRs and synergies that can be leveraged on an all-island basis. The findings
informed recommendations for better accounting for these emerging risks, to realise the national climate objective
of achieving a climate-resilient economy and society by 2050
Evaluating the readiness for electric vehicle adoption among the urban population using geospatial techniques
Get PDFElectric mobility is critical to reducing emissions from transport and dependency on Internal Combustion Engine vehicles. This study attempts to model the suitability of the built environment for electric vehicle (EV) adoption in urban areas based on sociodemographics and access to driveways for installing charging infrastructure. A novel approach using geospatial techniques is adopted to detect driveways from multispectral remote sensing information. A region in Dublin, Ireland, has been chosen as the study area. The region is further categorised based on the feasibility of EV adoption using hierarchical cluster analysis. Initial results highlight the disparity in access to low-emission modes to those not dependent on cars. Results from zero-inflated count models at the neighbourhood level reiterate the impact of driveways and sociodemographic factors on EV adoption. The proposed methodology can help evaluate infrastructure availability for widespread EV transition and inform strategic planning. The driveway detection framework may be adapted to other regions while accounting for geographic characteristics
A noisy-input generalized additive model for relative sea-level change along the Atlantic coast of North America
Get PDFWe propose a Bayesian, noisy-input, spatial–temporal generalized additive model to examine regional relative sea-level (RSL) changes over time. The model provides probabilistic estimates of component drivers of regional RSL change via the combination of a univariate spline capturing a common regional signal over time, random slopes and intercepts capturing site-specific (local), long-term linear trends and a spatial– temporal spline capturing residual, non-linear, local variations. Proxy and instrumental records of RSL and corresponding measurement errors inform the model and a noisy-input method accounts for proxy temporal uncertainties. Results highlight the decomposition of regional RSL changes over 3,000 years along North America’s Atlantic coast. The physical process glacial isostatic adjustment prevailed before 1800 CE, with anthropogenic forcing dominating after 1900 CE
SERT: A transformer based model for multivariate temporal sensor data with missing values for environmental monitoring
Get PDFEnvironmental monitoring is crucial to our understanding of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution.
The availability of large-scale spatio-temporal data from sources such as sensors and satellites allows us to
develop sophisticated models for forecasting and understanding key drivers. However, the data collected from
sensors often contain missing values due to faulty equipment or maintenance issues. The missing values rarely
occur simultaneously leading to data that are multivariate misaligned sparse time series. We propose two
models that are capable of performing multivariate spatio-temporal forecasting while handling missing data
naturally without the need for imputation. The first model is a transformer-based model, which we name SERT
(Spatio-temporal Encoder Representations from Transformers). The second is a simpler model named SST-ANN
(Sparse Spatio-Temporal Artificial Neural Network) which is capable of providing interpretable results. We
conduct extensive experiments on two different datasets for multivariate spatio-temporal forecasting and show
that our models have competitive or superior performance to those at the state-of-the-art
International consensus statement on the design, delivery and evaluation of sport-based interventions aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison
Get PDFObjective To develop an international consensus statement to advise on designing, delivering and evaluating sport-based interventions (SBIs) aimed at promoting social, psychological and physical well-being in prison.
Design Modified Delphi using two rounds of survey questionnaires and two consensus workshops.
Participants A multidisciplinary panel of more than 40 experts from 15 international jurisdictions was formed, including representation from the following groups and stakeholders: professionals working in the justice system; officials from sport federations and organisations; academics with research experience of prisons, secure forensic mental health settings and SBIs; and policy-makers in criminal justice and sport.
Results A core research team and advisory board developed the initial rationale, statement and survey. This survey produced qualitative data which was analysed thematically. The findings were presented at an in-person workshop. Panellists discussed the findings, and, using a modified nominal group technique, reached a consensus on objectives to be included in a revised statement. The core research team and advisory board revised the statement and recirculated it with a second survey. Findings from the second survey were discussed at a second, virtual, workshop. The core research team and advisory board further revised the consensus statement and recirculated it asking panellists for further comments. This iterative process resulted in seven final statement items; all participants have confirmed that they agreed with the content, objectives and recommendations of the final statement.
Conclusions The statement can be used to assist those that design, deliver and evaluate SBIs by providing guidance on: (1) minimum levels of competence for those designing and delivering SBIs; (2) the design and delivery of inclusive programmes prioritising disadvantaged groups; and (3) evaluation measures which are carefully calibrated both to capture proposed programme outcomes and to advance an understanding of the systems, processes and experiences of sport engagement in prison
Innovation and commercialisation: the role of the international dynamic marketing capability in Malaysian international entrepreneurial firms
Get PDFPurpose – This study aims to investigate how international entrepreneurial firms (IEFs) successfully
commercialise innovative products/services internationally. In doing so, the authors examined the role played by
the international dynamic marketing capability (IDMC) in the relationship between explorative and exploitative
innovation and commercialisation. In addition, the authors also evaluated how the breadth and depth of
international networks facilitate IEFs in upholding the effects of the IDMC to influence commercialisation.
Design/methodology/approach – To test the research model, structural equation modelling is used based
on time-lagged survey data drawn from 201 Malaysian IEFs. To validate the results, additional robustness
tests and endogeneity analyses have been performed.
Findings – The findings show that the IDMC positively mediates the relationship between explorative and
exploitative innovation and commercialisation. Furthermore, the finding exhibits that the effects of the IDMC
on commercialisation are positively moderated by the breadth and depth of international networks.
Originality/value – Given the fragmented and general nature of the extant marketing research on the IDMC,
the study contributes to the international marketing literature by providing rich and nuanced pertinent
knowledge. This study advances dynamic capability theory in relation to IEFs by establishing the IDMC as a
functional capability suited to enable them to successfully commercialise the products/services resulting from
explorative and exploitative innovation
Los Vínculos entre el Partido y la Base, la Movilización Contestataria y las “Tensiones Creativas” en Bolivia
Get PDFThe abstract is included in the text
“This is Where the Care Can Step Up”: A Typology of Nurturing Pedagogies in Primary Schools Serving Low-Income Communities During COVID-19 Closures
Get PDFAll schools possess a duty of care towards their students. However, this duty of care falls unevenly across schools, with those serving low-income communities often responding to the material and psychological effects of poverty as a priority. This duty of care for such schools was placed into stark relief during the period of COVID-19 school closures, when structural inequalities in society became particularly pronounced. Previous research has drawn distinctions between different forms of caring enacted in schools serving low-income communities. These range from practices centred on children’s academic learning to those more concerned with children’s welfare and well-being—which, for the purposes of this paper, we term as academic nurturing and affective nurturing respectively. Others recognise the need for schools in low-income communities to perform a dual role and engage in both forms of nurturing simultaneously—which we term as critical nurturing. This paper presents findings based on case studies from three designated disadvantaged primary schools in Ireland during pandemic-related closures. It draws on interviews from the Children’s School Lives longitudinal study with the teachers, principals, and families of four Junior Infant children (typically aged four to five years). Our findings suggest a typology of nurturing pedagogies, with academic and affective nurturing emphasised to varying degrees across our three schools during this period. Narratives from interviewees also demonstrate the central role of school culture and leadership in achieving critical nurturing, with significant social justice implications for the education of children in schools serving low-income communities