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Selección de levaduras para la elaboración de sidras naturales espumosas por el método tradicional o "Champenoise" (II)
No full textLas sidras espumosas, elaboradas siguiendo el método tradicional o “Champenoise”, se caracterizan por poseer anhídrido carbónico de origen endógeno y por que tanto la segunda fermentación como la crianza sobre lías, se realizan en la misma botella que llega al consumidor.
Las condiciones en las que se desarrolla esta segunda fermentación afectan tanto a las características que deben reunir las levaduras, como a su repercusión sobre los atributos sensoriales de las sidras
Puesta en valor de la carne de vacuno mayor en Asturias y en la Cornisa Cantábrica
No full textLas producciones de ganado vacuno, base de la economía agraria y de la vida rural en la Comunidades Cantábricas, se encuentran inmersas en una crisis de rentabilidad. Por lo tanto, cualquier iniciativa que proponga una mejora en la eficiencia de utilización de los recursos y la diversificación de las producciones con valor añadido será de interés para los sectores productores, transformadores, comercializadores y restauradores.
En el caso de Asturias, el vacuno mayor está representado por las vacas de cría de raza Asturiana de los Valles y Asturiana de la Montaña y sus cruces, que en 2008 suponían un total de 154.463 reproductoras (MARM 2009), además de los ementales.
Frente una cantidad importante de carne importada, fundamentalmente, piezas como lomos y solomillos de vacuno mayor procedente, en buena parte, de los Países Bajos, Dinamarca y Alemania, nuestro producto alternativo provendría, en buena parte, de animales autóctonos cuya alimentación se basaría en recursos forrajeros, por lo que este modelo sostenible de producción tendría un gran componente natural basado en los recursos propios, lo que contribuiría al mantenimiento de la biodiversidad del medio natural
Guía del gochu asturcelta
No full text54 p. : il. col. ; 24 cmGobierno de España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación ; INIA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria ; Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Consejería de Agroganadería y Recursos Autóctonos ; ACGA, Asociación Criadores Gochu AsturceltaEl Gochu Asturcelta ha pasado, en un plazo relativamente corto, de raza prácticamente
extinguida a gozar de reconocimiento oficial como raza autóctona del
Principado de Asturias. Ello ha sido posible gracias a un programa de recuperación
que va cubriendo con éxito las metas marcadas por sus gestores, la Asociación de
Productores del Gochu Asturcelta, en el que participan activamente el Servicio
Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA) y la Consejería de
Agroganadería y Recursos Autóctonos del Principado de Asturias.
Ahora, el reto pasa por dejar de ser una raza en peligro de extinción a convertirse
en una realidad productiva, como recurso económico importante para el agro asturiano.
Los cimientos están puestos y la clave va a estar, sin duda, en que la explotación
y comercialización se orienten conforme a pautas técnicas que pongan en valor el reconocido
potencial de esta raza para obtener productos de calidad diferenciada,
a partir de los recursos naturales autóctonos utilizados tradicionalmente en su alimentación
Flow kinetic energy conversion from vibration of cylinder arrays due to fluidelastic instability
No full textArtículo presentado en el "1st Internation Congress water, waste and energy management" que se celebró en Salamanca los días 23-25 de Mayo de 2012. Dicho artículo recoge se aproxima a la obtención de energía en tubos de agua a partir de la vibración de estructuras cilíndricas.This research deals with the fluid-dynamic excitation of vibrations of cylinder arrays subjected to cross-flow due to the mechanism known as Fluidelastic Instability (FI). In this phenomenon, the cross-flow and the cylinders become a dynamically unstable system, i. e., with negative net–damping, when the velocity of the cross-flow exceeds a certain critical value [1]. F I has been responsible for self-excited vibrations with large amplitude in industrial equipment such as shell-and–tube heat exchangers. Because of its potential for the damage of the tubes, the phenomenon has been extensively investigated in the past in order to obtain correlations that can be used to predict critical velocity of the cross-flow at the design stage. However, the complexity of the flow-structure interactions involved produces a considerable uncertainly in those correlations so that large security coefficients have to be used to avoid F I in practise.
Nevertheless, the F.I. phenomena also arises the possibility for a controlled extraction of kinetic energy from fluid streams, by conversion to mechanical energy in the vibrating cylinders and subsequent conversion to electrical energy. This is the purpose of the current investigation undertaken by the authors. It represents a novel application in line with some other recent studies on the flow-induced vibrations of cylindrical structures by vortex-shedding mechanisms as a renewable energy technology."Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI) de Asturias 2006-2009"
"Programa Operativo Feder del Principado de Asturias 2007-2013"
Dual-Specificity Phosphatases Are Implicated in Severe Hyperplasia and Lack of Response to FGF23 of Uremic Parathyroid Glands from Rats
No full textPhosphate load accelerates the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). In advanced stages of sHPT, there is amarkedhyperplasiaandresistance to classical regulatory endocrine factors such as calcium, calcitriol, or fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which suppresses PTH secretion
by an ERK-dependent mechanism. Nephrectomized rats were fed with a high- or normal-phosphorus diet for different periods of time to induce sHPT. Biochemical parameters, parathyroid gland microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry (ERK/phospho-ERK) were performed. To test the role of dual-specificity phosphatases (Dusp) on parathyroid gland regulation, normal parathyroid glands were cultured with FGF23 and Dusp. Uremic rats fed with
a high-phosphorus diet showed more severe sHPT, higher serum FGF23 levels and mortality, and decreased parathyroid Klotho gene expression. In all stages of sHPT, parathyroid microarrays displayed a widespread gene expression down-regulation; only a few genes were overexpressed,among them, Dusp5 and -6. In very severe sHPT, a significant reduction in phospho-ERK (the target
of Dusp) and a significant increase of Dusp5 and -6 gene expression were observed. In ex vivo experiments with parathyroid glands, Dusp partially blocked the effect of FGF23 on PTH secretion,suggesting that Dusp might play a role in parathyroid regulation. The overexpression of Dusp and the inactivation of ERK found in the in vivo studies together with the ex vivo results might be
indicative of the defense mechanism triggered to counteract hyperplasia, a mechanism that can also contribute to the resistance to the effect of FGF23 on parathyroid gland observed in advanced forms of chronic kidney disease.This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS 090415), Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y Técnica (FICYT I30P06P), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Retic-RD06), Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN 16/06), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toled
Calcificación vascular y desmineralización: dos caras de una misma moneda
Get PDFThere is a clinic and epidemiological evidence suggesting that impaired bone turnover is associated with the progression of vascular calcification. Several factors have been identified as mediators and possible links between the observed changes in bone turnover and vascular calcification. Most of these factors have been found to be involved in both, bone and vascular mineralization.
Among them, hyperphosphataemia has been the most studied factor. Maintenance of adequate serum phosphate control has been associated with good bone and cardiovascular health. Due to the fact that common factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of these alterations it has been suggested that both, disorders of bone turnover and vascular calcification may respond to common therapies. Bisphosphonates and denosumab have focused the attention of several clinical and experimental studies in this field.Existen estudios clínicos, epidemiológicos y experimentales que sugieren una relación entre las alteraciones del recambio óseo y la progresión de la calcificación vascular. La mayoría de estos estudios indican que un recambio óseo bajo se asocia a una mayor prevalencia y progresión de las calcificaciones vasculares. Se han identificado diversos factores que podrían ser mediadores y responsable de esta asociación. La mayoría de factores implicados en estos procesos son comunes y han sido involucrados tanto en la formación y recambio óseo como en la génesis de las calcificaciones vasculares. Alguno de ellos podría ser el nexo entre ambas alteraciones.
De ellos la hiperfosfatemia es uno de los factores más estudiado y la mayoría de resultados indican que, probablemente, juegue un importante papel en el mantenimiento de una buena salud ósea y vascular, especialmente en pacientes con ERC
The connections between vascular calcification and bone health
No full textVascular calcification, bone loss and increased fracture risk are age-associated
disorders. Several epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between vascular calcification, impaired bone metabolism and increased mortality. So far, this relationship had been underestimated as osteoporosis and vascular calcification have been considered nonmodifiable disorders of aging. Recent data suggest that this association is not simply an artefact of age, stressing that the coincidence of vascular calcification with low bone activity and osteoporosis could be biologically linked.
During the development of vascular calcification, the transition of vascular smooth muscle cells towards an osteoblast-like phenotype promotes the release of the vesicular structures, and mineralization within these structures is promoted by several players, including those related to mineral metabolism, like phosphorus, calcium or PTH, which influence either the supersaturation within the structure or the expression of osteogenic factors.
However, an intriguing question is whether the presence of vascular calcification impacts bone metabolism, thus demonstrating true cross-talk between these tissues.
Evidence is now emerging, suggesting that some inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, such as secreted frizzled proteins 2 and 4 and DKK-1, may play a role linking vascular calcification and bone loss.
An additional important question to answer, from the patient’s perspective, is whether or not progression of vascular calcification can be prevented or restricted and whether altering this progression we can efficiently impact patients’ outcomes. Several evidences suggest the control of the CKD-MBD components, particularly serum phosphorus are the main targets to maintain normal bone turnover and protect against vascular calcification.Shire Pharmaceuticals provided a grant for Oxford PharmaGenesis™ Ltd to provide editorial support to the authors.
The studies of vascular calcification received support from FICYT IB09-033, FIS PS09/00415, FIS PI10/00896 and IRSIN-FRIAT, Spai
Oxidative Protein Damage Is Associated With Severe Functional Dependence Among the Elderly Population: A Principal Component Analysis Approach
No full textBackground. Studies of the role of oxidative stress in functional dependence among the aging population are limited. In this report, we address this situation through an analysis of a large panel of blood oxidative biomarkers in elderly population. Because the analysis of multiple biomarkers increases the complexity of data interpretation, this investigation has utilized both an analysis of single biomarkers in addition to employment of the statistical data reduction tool principal component analysis that might allow for a clearer description of redox status as compared with a single measure alone.
Methods. We studied three groups of participants older than 65 years based on their Barthel Index: an independent group (100-95), a moderately dependent group (94-60), and a severely dependent group (59-0).
Results. We observed a significant increase in circulating protein carbonyl levels in the severely dependent group as compared with the independent and moderately dependent groups. Using principal component analysis, we found at least three factors (an erythrocyte-related component, a protein damage–related component, and a plasma-related component) that could be used to assess the different oxidative parameters in our population. We discovered a significant association of higher levels of the protein damage–related component with the severely dependent group.
Conclusions. Protein damage levels could be assessed in clinical use as a biomarker of severe dependence. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that functional decline could be associated in part due to oxidative stress. Finally, we show that principal component analysis could be a useful statistical tool in the analysis of age-related declineThis work was partially supported by grants FISS-06-RD06/0013/0011 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FICYT IB09-134 from Gobierno del Principado de Asturias. D.d.G.-C. and B.d.L.-D. are FICYT predoctoral fellows from the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias. M.G.M. is a FISS predoctoral fellow from Instituto de Salud Carlos II
Genetic resistance to powdery mildew in common bean
No full textPowdery mildew can cause severe yield losses in bean crops. Limited information about resistance sources, and nature and inheritance of resistance are available to bean breeders and plant pathologist. Sources of resistance were searched in seedling tests under controlled conditions in 44 well-known genotypes and in a Spanish germplasm core collection consisting on 201 accessions. A 0-4 scale was used to describe the infection types (IT) observed. Only six out of the 245 evaluated genotypes showed a complete resistance (IT0) without visible symptoms on the leaves: Amanda, Belneb, Cornell 49242, Negro San Luis, Porrillo Sintetico and the local accession BGE003161. Inheritance of resistance was studied in F and F segregating populations. Observed reactions in the five segregating populations fitted to Mendelian ratios with different modes of inheritance. Results revealed that cultivar Porrillo Sintetico carries two dominant and independent resistance genes: one gene conferring complete resistance (IT0), and another gene conferring IT3, characterized by a moderate mycelial development on the leaves. Both genes show a dominant epistatic relationship. Inheritance of response to powdery mildew in cv. Cornell 49242 was similar to cv. Porrillo Sintetico although the correspondence with the genes described in Porrillo Sintetico was not established. Line X2776 carries one dominant gene conferring IT3, and shares this gene with cv. Porrillo Sintetico. In cv. Amanda, two complementary genes appear to be involved in resistance to this fungus. This information will be relevant for the implementation of breeding programs focused on the development of cultivars carrying genetic resistance to powdery mildew
Ascertaining gene flow patterns in livestock populations of developing countries: a case study in Burkina Faso goat
No full textBackground: Introgression of Sahel livestock genes southwards in West Africa may be favoured by human activity and the increase of the duration of the dry seasons since the 1970’s. The aim of this study is to assess the gene flow patterns in Burkina Faso goat and to ascertain the most likely factors influencing geographic patterns of genetic variation in the Burkina Faso goat population.
Results: A total of 520 goat were sampled in 23 different locations of Burkina Faso and genotyped for a set of 19 microsatellites. Data deposited in the Dryad repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41h46j37. Although overall differentiation is poor (FST = 0.067 ± 0.003), the goat population of Burkina Faso is far from being homogeneous.
Barrier analysis pointed out the existence of: a) genetic discontinuities in the Central and Southeast Burkina Faso;
and b) genetic differences within the goat sampled in the Sahel or the Sudan areas of Burkina Faso. Principal component analysis and admixture proportion scores were computed for each population sampled and used to construct interpolation maps. Furthermore, Population Graph analysis revealed that the Sahel and the Sudan environmental areas of Burkina Faso were connected through a significant number of extended edges, which
would be consistent with the hypothesis of long-distance dispersal. Genetic variation of Burkina Faso goat followed a geographic-related pattern. This pattern of variation is likely to be related to the presence of vectors of African animal trypanosomosis. Partial Mantel test identified the present Northern limit of trypanosome vectors as the most significant landscape boundary influencing the genetic variability of Burkina Faso goat (p = 0.008). The contribution of Sahel goat genes to the goat populations in the Northern and Eastern parts of the Sudan-Sahel area of Burkina
Faso was substantial. The presence of perennial streams explains the existence of trypanosome vectors. The South half of the Nakambé river (Southern Ouagadougou) and the Mouhoun river loop determined, respectively, the Eastern and Northern limits for the expansion of Sahelian goat genes. Furthermore, results from partial Mantel test
suggest that the introgression of Sahelian goat genes into Djallonké goat using human-influenced genetic corridors has a limited influence when compared to the biological boundary defined by the northern limits for the distribution of the tsetse fly. However, the genetic differences found between the goat sampled in Bobo Dioulasso and the other populations located in the Sudan area of Burkina Faso may be explained by the broad goat trade favoured by the main road of the country.
Conclusions: The current analysis clearly suggests that genetic variation in Burkina Faso goat: a) follows a North to South clinal; and b) is affected by the distribution of the tsetse fly that imposes a limit to the Sahelian goat expansion due to their trypanosusceptibility. Here we show how extensive surveys on livestock populations can be useful to indirectly assess the consequences of climate change and human action in developing countries