Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat
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Revisiting the Creation Mandate \u27Be Fruitful and Multiply, Fill the Earth and Subdue It\u27 in Genesis 1:28 from an Ecotheological Perspective
No full textThe creation mandate that God gives to humanity is encapsulated in the phrase "Be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it" in Genesis 1:28. This command presents challenges both in terms of interpretation and application. The main issue is whether the command to "fill the earth" remains relevant to do and fulfill, and what exactly the Bible intends by this. The command to fill the earth is also accompanied by the command to "subdue it," which carries a negative connotation. The purpose of this research is to present a discussion regarding the meaning of these two commands and to analyze their relevance in the present context. The author employs a qualitative method with an exegesis approach and literature study. The findings reveal that the command to "fill" should not only be understood literally but also spiritually. Birth, in this context, should also occur spiritually through evangelism and discipleship. Furthermore, the commands to "fill" and "subdue" are closely related, emphasizing the principles of balance and stewardship. Humanity must ensure that the human population is in harmony with available resources. This also speaks to humanity\u27s responsibility to manage creation so that resources are sufficient for all
Esther’s Stand Against Injustice: Theology for Women’s Political Participation in Indonesia
No full textThis article is designed with the aim of tracing Esther\u27s example in suing for justice in the face of power. Queen Esther\u27s courage in the Book of Esther, especially her action against King Ahasuerus without an invitation, is a representation of courage against potential injustice. Queen Esther\u27s courage was not blind courage but courage with wise strategy. This study looks at how Esther\u27s actions have affected modern leadership and how courage and wisdom can serve as examples for Christian communities and leaders today. This study can inspire modern leadership to dare to declare an injustice lawsuit against the rulers. The research uses the method of religious research to respond to the injustice in the face of power that threatened the Jewish nation under the rule of King Ahasuerus. The results of this study show that fighting injustice must be accompanied by a wise strategy and trust in God\u27s providence for the Jewish nation by returning to moral principles and values. This research contributes in the form of a theological reflection for Christian women to emulate Esther in facing injustice in Indonesia
An Exposition of God\u27s Mission Based on Jonah 1 and its Implications for the Church\u27s Mission Ministry
No full textThe Ninevites worshipped Dagon. Therefore, God sent Jonah to Nineveh to show His love to the nation. This discussion focuses on understanding how God used Jonah’s disobedience to God’s call for the salvation of Nineveh and how important it is for the mission ministry of the church today. The trajectory of this paper follows the descriptive, investigative, and exegetical theological research genre. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is an investigation of the exegetical aspects of Jonah 1. The second part is an exegetical exploration of the significance of God’s Mission in Jonah 1. The third part is the application of God’s mission based on Jonah 1 to the mission ministry of the church. This study finds that mission ministry is the work of God, obedience to God’s will, and mission ministry is cross-cultural. Based on Jonah 1, the involvement of God’s servants are basic tasks in conveying and spreading the gospel in the salvation work
From Temptation to Sin: A Theological Study of Human Moral Struggles
Full text linkSin has damaged human relationships with God, fellow beings, and the universe. It could only be resolved by God\u27s grace. Even believers who have been redeemed still have the potential to fall into sin when faced with temptation. The purpose of this research is to discover and describe the pattern of human fall into sin and the efforts of believers in resisting temptation and fighting sin. This study employs a qualitative theological research method with text analysis. The findings reveal that the pattern of falling into sin begins with temptation, which enters through the five senses and is then processed by the human mind and heart. The response is subsequently expressed in thoughts, feelings, and actions. A sinful heart tends to lead a person toward sin, whereas a heart filled with God\u27s Word is more likely to overcome trials and endure tests of faith. Therefore, believers must fill and guard their hearts with God’s Word so that their hearts, minds, and will align with His will and are reflected in actions that glorify Him
Peter\u27s Motive for Quoting Proverbs 11:31 as an Encouragement to Be Righteous
Full text linkProverbs 11:31 is an Old Testament passage of wisdom quoted by Peter in 1 Peter 4:18. Based on the literature search, there are two interpretations related to this intertextual use of Scripture, namely talking about retribution or divine justice and moral responsibility. But it was found that previous studies did not mention anything about Peter\u27s motive in quoting this wisdom literature narrative. Therefore, this study aims to specifically examine Peter\u27s motives in quoting this Old Testament passage. There are strong implications of the Wisdom literature exhortations quoted by Peter as an encouragement to the early church to choose to live as righteous people. Therefore, this research used qualitative methods with a sub-interpretive design, specifically wisdom literature hermeneutics and literature study. This article finds that Peter\u27s motivation for encouraging the believers was that they should never envy the oppressors and persecutors because those who reject the gospel will suffer more than anything Christians have to face in this life. God is just, and His judgment will apply to everyone, including the wicked. Peter\u27s motive for quoting the Old Testament also serves as a theological and practical guide for believers, enabling them to live in a way that reflects their faith and trust in God\u27s final judgment and deliverance
Theology of Badati: A Constructive Contextual Theology in Hutumury Society According to Stephen B. Bevans
Full text linkVarious threats of conflict and egoism based on differences in interests can occur in the Hutumuri society. However, the badati inherited by the ancestors and traditional elders, carried out by the people in Hutumuri, has been proven in protecting every member of the local community to maintain the society integration of Hutumuri. Therefore, it is urgent to construct badati theologically as a wise and contextual basis for social relations in Hutumuri society to maintain stability and peace internally in Negeri Hutumuri, Maluku society, Indonesia, as is the aim of this research. The research method used here is qualitative research with descriptive analysis of data collected through observation, interviews with traditional and religious leaders in Hutumuri, and literature study. With the contextual theological perspective initiated by Stephen B. Bevans, which is in dialogue with the cosmology, badati practices of the Hutumuri society, along with a study of Galatians 6: 2, the finding of this research is that badati can become a theological source for strengthening society integrity in Hutumuri. Theologically badati is cooperation based on reciprocal hospitality, solidarity, and the fraternal nobility of society. The implication is the strengthening of common life in this nation which needs to be preserved in a sustainable manner
The Intentional Hospitality: A Christian Paradigm on Religious Moderation in Indonesia
No full textThis paper critically examines the use of ‘tolerance’ as one of the four indicators in the Indonesian government’s Religious Moderation policy. Since the familiarisation of this idea in 2019, some Christian scholars have widely echoed it, even trying to integrate it with the Bible and Christian values in the practical work of interfaith relations. For us, tolerance is still passive, and this is contrary to Christian teachings or the Bible, which demands that Christians constantly be proactive, including in terms of living together with \u27those who are different\u27. Through this article, we argue that the concept of ‘hospitality’ is a more active and fitting concept for promoting interreligious relations than the indicator appointed by the Indonesian government, ‘tolerance’. We also strongly emphasise that intentional hospitality can be a paradigm of living together in a more biblical and Christian interfaith relationship. In this work, we use a methodology that includes the following components: literature review, theoretical analysis, and critical reflection. By critically reviewing the work of theologians, Amos Yong and Marianne Moyaert, we constructively propose research findings in the five key characteristics of a hospitable interreligious connection: recognition, imagination, transformation, commitment, and intention. These characters, emphatically, demonstrate active involvement and sincere relationships with others, particularly individuals from other faiths
Jonathan Edwards: His Holistic Theological Education Legacy of Lights and Shadows
No full textJonathan Edwards was a colonial pastoral leader and theologian in the United States. Edwards is considered one of the greatest American theologians, excelling as a preacher; however, his importance as a theological educator has received little attention. This conceptual article examines the significance of his educational legacy for Christian educators in the twenty-first century. Edwards espoused holistic theological education with an emphasis on the heart and affections. At the same time, however, he supported slavery, contradicting his theological anthropology. As Christian educators, we would benefit from receiving his invitations, imitating his faith, and learn from his mistakes.
Evolution, Suffering, Omniscience and the Kenosis of Jesus Christ –Attempts at a Synthesis
No full textAt present, an intensive search is underway for a synthesis that satisfactorily explains the existence of evil and suffering against the background of the evolution of living beings and essential attributes of the Christian God. The methodological approach of this paper was to combine fundamental statements of the Christian faith, results of research in modern theological and philosophical publications, and findings of the natural sciences. The first attempt explains suffering and evil in the world in terms of evolution and human free will. The second attempt also takes into account the Angelic Fall and the Adamic Fall. The third attempt adds the following working hypothesis: God the Father is timeless. In contrast, God the Son, as part of his kenosis, subjected himself to time not only during his life as a human being on Earth, but also before and after. Various consequences of this working hypothesis were considered. The contribution of this working hypothesis is that it resolves the conflict between the free will of creatures and the omniscience of God and explains some other theological questions: The incarnation of Jesus Christ as a response to the Fall, the intra-Trinitarian dialogue and the significance of God the Father for creation
Integration of Torah and Ecotheology: Strengthening the Social Forestry System in Indonesia
No full textIndonesia is grappling with the complex challenge of managing its forests in a truly sustainable way. Problems such as land degradation, widening socio-economic gaps, and ongoing environmental damage not only threaten the well-being of local communities but also put at risk the country’s rich biodiversity that is vital to the world. Although social forestry programs in Indonesia hold tremendous promise, their implementation often overlooks the integration of traditional ecological wisdom and theological perspectives—elements that could enrich and strengthen current forest management practices. This study proposes the integration of principles from the Torah, emphasizing stewardship, biodiversity preservation, and justice, along with insights from ecotheology, to inform sustainable social forestry management in Indonesia. Drawing on religious texts, theological insights, and contemporary environmental scholarship, this research explores how the teachings of the Torah and ecotheological perspectives can be applied to enhance social forestry practices. Case studies from Israel, along with initiatives led by Catholic and Protestant churches in Indonesia, demonstrate how religious values can be woven into environmental conservation. By integrating Torah principles and ecotheological perspectives into social forestry, forest management can evolve into a more holistic practice—one that not only protects the environment but also nurtures social cohesion and spiritual well-being. Applying these principles paves the way for sustainable forestry in Indonesia, while at the same time uplifting local communities and safeguarding nature for future generations