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Profiling Protein Citrullination in Extracellular Vesicles by Single‐Molecule Detection Using Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy
No full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical in cellular communication and pathological biomarkers. Post‐translationally deiminated/citrullinated proteins are reported in EV cargoes by LC–MS/MS but it is unknown in which EV sub‐types they are exported, as part of EVs' intraluminal cargo or on the EV surface. Here, dSTORM super‐resolution microscopy is used to co‐localise total citrullinated proteins (pan‐Cit), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) to EV subtypes of three cancer cell lines, captured by tetraspanin trio (TT) or phosphatidylserine (PS). Permeabilised and non‐permeabilised EVs are analysed with a Bayesian framework using beta‐distributed posteriors for binomial outcomes. Pan‐Cit and CitH3 labelling is confirmed in EVs as intraluminal cargo and on the EV surface, with higher levels detected in the permeabilized EVs. Pan‐Cit staining is higher in TT‐bound EVs, but CitH3 staining higher in PS‐bound EVs. This study expands the landscape of EV‐associated post‐translational modifications with translational potential for EV‐citrullinome based liquid biopsy tools
Scaling Social Innovation: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of School-Based Mentoring Interventions
Get PDFSocial innovation is increasingly recognised as a powerful vehicle to address unmet societal needs. Nonetheless, research into how contexts and agency interact to determine outcomes/risks of its scaling appears still limited. This study draws on structuration theory to fill some gaps. By comparing two school-based mentoring interventions, it first shows that comparable external catalysts can trigger diverging ambitions and paths to scale. Second, it finds that certain strategic/agentic choices (e.g. entrepreneurial, political, coalition-building skills; evaluation), combined with specific contextual features, help to achieve more rapidly a larger scale of expansion. Finally, it highlights which risks, in this field, more strongly relate to agentic and/or contextual factors, providing insights for research, policy and practice
Navigating dementia care: a systematic review of young and young adult carers′ needs and support solutions
Get PDFObjectives:
This systematic review aimed to explore the available support and identify the unique needs of young and young adult carers of individuals with dementia.
Method:
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Ovid, along with Google Scholar for grey literature, were searched. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse the findings of the included studies. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).
Results:
Seven studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Findings revealed that young and young adult carers often lack knowledge of available support services and face challenges navigating the healthcare system. Caregiving responsibilities were found to hinder educational and career aspirations, leading to social isolation and strained relationships. The support received from family, friends, and teachers was often inconsistent and inadequate. A significant finding was the lack of differentiation between young and young adult carers in the existing research, despite their distinct social care support needs.
Conclusion:
The limited research highlights a critical gap in the literature regarding the support and needs of young and young adult carers of people with dementia. The lack of distinction between these two groups, who receive different social care support, emphasises the need for further research to better understand their unique experiences. There is an urgent need for targeted education and support programmes that address the distinct developmental needs and challenges of this population, promoting their well-being and safeguarding their personal and educational aspirations
Confidentiality and the ethics of coaching and mentoring students
No full textThis chapter explores the ethical choices that practitioners work with when coaching and mentoring students in higher education (HE). This chapter explores the philosophical and historical developments of ethical principles which have guided practitioners working in the helping professions. It considers the importance of ideological and cultural differences, as well as relations of power, across contexts, when practitioners work reflectively and reflexively to explore their ethical choices and inform their decision-making. This chapter argues that embracing this level of complexity requires practitioners to enhance their ethical maturity when coaching and mentoring students in HE. Ethical maturity is a way of being which, by cultivating a sensitivity and self-awareness of the motivations for behaviour and its consequences, seeks to facilitate positive outcomes and avoid harm. This chapter begins by defining ‘ethics’ and reviews professional ethical codes of practice and frameworks for decision-making which promote opportunity, equality and inclusion for students and practitioners. Using case study scenarios, this chapter explores a wide range of topics which bring to life ethical decision-making for practitioners supporting students in HE contexts
Beyond Kotler and Böhme, towards postmaterialism? Tracing neglected theorisations of atmospheres and atmospherics
No full textIn this paper, we trace the thinking around atmospheres and atmospherics. Initially our focus is upon Franz Anton Mesmer. We next examine atmosphere construction in retailing during the nineteenth century. From this, the narrative unpacks outputs penned between 1900 and 1950 which depict advertising as fashioning ‘psychic’ atmospheres and ‘magic cloaks’ for products and services. We then explore publications stressing curatorial atmospheres in retail stores. Concurrently evolving with the managerial literature is a critical stream of writing which holds that advertising generates pathological atmospheres. The spotlight next moves to debates taking place between the 1950s and 1970s. Attention is subsequently shifted to the 1980s revivification of critical studies and discussions of ‘toxic climates’. Finally, multiple possible future directions are identified
Shrinking targets and recurrent behaviour for forward compositions of inner functions
No full textWe prove sharp recurrence results about boundary orbits of forward compositions of inner functions, inspired by fundamental results on iteration of inner functions.
Fernández, Melián and Pestana gave a precise version of the Poincaré recurrence theorem for boundary iterates of an inner function that fixes~0. We generalise this to the non-autonomous setting of forward composition sequences where are inner functions that fix~0, establishing an interdependence between the rate of contraction of and the size of a shrinking target of arcs in that hits.
For a general inner function, Aaronson, and also Doering and Mañé, gave a remarkable dichotomy for boundary iterates. For forward composition sequences, we previously generalised their result in the case that orbits in approach sufficiently quickly; here we show that if orbits approach sufficiently slowly, relative to the rate of contraction, then almost all boundary orbits are dense in .
Finally, we apply our results to wandering domains of transcendental functions, giving new information about the behaviour of iterates on the boundaries of such domains.
The techniques we use include Philipp's version of the second Borel--Cantelli lemma and mixing results of Pommerenke for contracting sequences of inner functions
Committees and religious politics at the Scottish General Assemblies, 1638-39
No full textThis article explores the role of the Scottish General Assemblies of 1638 and 1639 in opposing the religious policies of Charles I. It investigates the activity of the committees that met during the General Assemblies and explores how they contained a broad range of competing voices. The article demonstrates that, against a background of greater public participation in the political debates of the 1630s, it was in the privacy of committee meetings that members of the General Assemblies found ways to maintain the unity of the protest movement against Charles I. The article contends that the Assemblies’ greatest success was in holding together the competing voices of the movement and it underscores the importance of private deliberations in a moment of increased public political participation
Measuring Cognitive Load with Eye Tracking to Guide the Design of Mixed Reality Data Visualisation Systems
No full textThis PhD research investigates how Mixed Reality (MR) technology can be leveraged to enhance learning and performance in scientific data analysis. In an era where vast datasets shape our understanding of the world, extracting insights from increasingly complex data and utilising them meaningfully presents a significant challenge.
MR technology offers new ways to visualise and explore multifaceted information providing a flexible, three-dimensional space to support multiformat and multidimensional scientific data analysis. However, the components that constitute
visualisations in MR and the cognitive aspects involved in processing it are often conflated in its evaluation. Cognitive load is a concept that refers to the burden on the limited memory capacity required to process information and perform tasks. Measuring cognitive load could help understand how specific visualisation elements impact information processing in analytical operations and lead to positive user outcomes.
This research explores the relationships between MR visualisation techniques, cognitive factors, and eye movement metrics through three studies. The pilot study investigates eye movement metrics as a cognitive load measure while comparing 2D and 3D representations. The main study further applies this to examine how the use of MR’s extended space affects cognitive processing. Finally, the interview study evaluates the applicability of the design recommendations elicited from the main study.
As a result, clearer links are established between fixation metrics and cognitive demands placed on the memory system. The research also demonstrates that stereoscopic 3D representation can be perceived as more detailed than 2D, and
that extended screen space can help reduce the cognitive demand on working memory. The proposed cognitive model accommodates the extended spatial characteristics of MR and helps identify design attributes that reduce unnecessary
cognitive burden. The practical design recommendations offer guidance for the development of MR systems that support cognitively more efficient learning and performance in scientific data analysis
Figures of Liminality and Transgressors of Limits and Borders: the <i>Trickster</i>, the <i>Uncanny</i>, and the <i>Spiritus Mercurius</i>. A Dialogue between Anthropology, Cultural Psychology and Psychoanalysis
No full textThe article explores the Trickster as a symbol of liminality, transgression, and creativity, analyzing its characteristics through mythology, folklore, and literature. The Trickster (a prankster and a “boundary-crosser”) embodies ambiguity, deception, and hidden wisdom, operating at the intersection of order and disorder, of sacred and profane. Through myths such as that of Hermes, as well as the tales of fools, jesters, and clowns, the Trickster is portrayed as an agent of transformation, subversion, and innovation. It subverts social and cultural categories through play, irony, hyper-sexualization, and the absence of shame. Turner’s theory of liminality and Freud’s notion of the uncanny are compared to highlight how the Trickster traverses both psychosocial thresholds and the boundaries between consciousness and the repressed—generating ambiguity, anxiety, and estrangement. The Trickster’s archetypal function, as elaborated by Jung, is expressed as both a collective and personal shadow—a symbol of productive chaos and unconscious creativity. This figure proves essential for understanding processes of cultural and psychic change, acting as a catalyst for innovation and symbolic renewal. This article emphasizes the importance of the Trickster as a symbol of psychic and collective processes of innovative adaptation, creativity, and transformation. But at the same time, the Trickster points to the associated risks of disorientation, unease, subversion and suffering. Through this ambivalence, the Trickster provides insights for interdisciplinary inquiry across cultural psychology, anthropology, and psychoanalysis
A dynamic network approach to bilingual child data
No full textUsage-based approaches to language acquisition emphasize the central role of input–output relationships in the gradual emergence of linguistic knowledge. Recent computational work has provided empirical support for this view by showing how network-based analyses can capture constructional patterns in child language. One such method is the Dynamic Network Model (DNM). However, it remains unclear whether these findings extend to bilingual acquisition, where differing input conditions across the two languages are expected to shape the formation of linguistic networks more visibly. To address this gap, the present study investigates two German–English bilingual children aged 2;03–3;11. Applying the DNM to both child-directed speech and children’s own utterances, we examine how constructional “pivots” emerge under bilingual input conditions and how they differ between individual children. Our results indicate that the DNM identifies informative clusters in the data, reflecting the language distribution in the input and thus provides a promising heuristic for advancing our understanding of bilingual first language acquisition