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Attitudes towards chiropractic: an analysis of written comments from a survey of Canadian sport and exercise medicine physicians
No full textObjective: To analyze and discuss the written survey comments of Canadian sport and exercise medicine physicians (CSPs) and their attitudes towards chiropractic, including its use for the treatment of athletes and/or Canadians who participate in sports or exercise.
Study Design: Online survey.
Subjects: Active physician members of the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (CASEM). Seventy physicians completed the survey (11% response rate), twenty-seven (39%) left written comments.
Intervention: An invitation to complete the survey was included in the monthly newsletter emailed to all CASEM members in March and April 2023. A card with a link to the survey was distributed to all attendees of the 2023 CASEM symposium.
Outcome Measures: We administered a 49-item survey to CASEM physicians that inquired into demographic variables and their attitudes towards chiropractic. The survey included an open-ended section at the end of the survey where respondents were invited to include written comments. Our present analysis is restricted to these comments, and they are the primary outcome measure.
Results: Seventy physicians completed the survey and twenty-seven provided written comments. Our analysis revealed six themes and ten sub-themes represented in physician’s comments. Previous frameworks informed our current themes. Reported themes were: ‘variability amongst chiropractors’ (n=15), ‘personal experience with chiropractic’ (n=5), ‘concerns with chiropractic treatment’ (n=12), ‘ethicsunethical behaviour’ (n=4), ‘chiropractic training’ (n=3), ‘chiropractic terminologys are misleading’ (n=2). Subthemes that were endorsed by at least two physicians include: ‘serious adverse events’, ‘chiropractors rely on manipulation only’, ‘chiropractors treat excessively’, ‘similar treatment could be provided by physiotherapists’, ‘chiropractic is unscientific’, ‘chiropractors are poorly trained’, ‘chiropractors are well-trained’, ‘chiropractors are overly financially motivated’, ‘positive and negative personal experiences with chiropractors’.
Conclusions: Our analysis revealed a number of issues that will need to be considered for chiropractic to advance its integration into the field of sports medicine
A decade of computer-algebra-aided online assessment of mathematics at the UK Open University
No full textWe reflect on over ten years’ experience of using the STACK computer-algebra-aided online assessment system to support the learning of large numbers of distance learning students at the UK Open University. The motivation for the use of, in particular, computer-algebra-aided assessment is discussed together with the use of formative practice quizzes to enhance learning and summative tests for assessment. We consider the challenges faced in the adoption and use of the system, as well as the successes achieved
Breaking Silences: The aftermath of death, loss and change in the lived experiences of racially minoritised people in the UK
Get PDFThe paper explores the aftermath of death, loss and change in the lived experiences of racially minoritised communities in the UK. Responding to the ‘deathly hush’ referred to by Foluke Taylor (Hamilton et al., 2025) and the paucity of relevant published evidence, we seek to recognise and document some of these gaps and silences.
While the terms ‘grief’ and ‘grieving’ are common when expressing the feeling that comes after a death, the impact of loss extends far beyond emotional strain. The aftermath of death intersects with multiple aspects of life and identity, including socioeconomic status, sexuality, cultural heritage, age, and more. People’s experiences are nuanced and shaped by multiple factors, such as the nature of the relationship with the deceased, the circumstances of their death, family dynamics, community influences, faith, and the broader social structures and institutions, such as the government and the wider society’s discourses and assumptions of loss and how to cope. Additional intersections involve past or present racism, inequalities and discrimination. Understanding these complexities is essential when exploring how people experience death, loss and change.
This collaboration draws on our multidisciplinary perspectives alongside our own lived experiences as a basis for reflection. As the primary data gathering researcher, Remi offers her own extended reflective insights alongside a thematic analysis of 10 podcasts and a film screening. Our piece does not offer direct recommendations for service delivery but aims to contribute food for thought and a way of listening, to enable broader engagement towards breaking the silences of death and its aftermath
Advancing collectively criminal justice social work internationally
No full textThank you for reading. In sum, the Routledge International Handbook of Criminal Justice Social Work offers an exploratory, international, and interdisciplinary engagement with the field. It seeks to illuminate both its strengths and contradictions, its established practices and emerging alternatives. By bringing together a diverse range of perspectives, this book aims to serve as a foundational resource for students, researchers, practitioners, and all invested in the future of Criminal Justice Social Work (CJSW)
Equals in the wild: How mathematical equality is talked about in lessons
Get PDFEquality is a nuanced concept in mathematics, and the equals sign is used and interpreted in different ways. During professional development in language-responsive teaching, a group of teachers discussed the use of ‘equals’ in algebra lessons. This article considers how three of these teachers went on to invoke equality in their classroom interactions when teaching other topics. The cases observed suggest constructive resonances between conceptions of ‘equals’ and geometric relationships, and include examples of teachers balancing precision with fluency. We argue that attention to language in one mathematical topic may extend helpfully to other topics, but this is not automatic
Enhancing financial well-being through the adoption of digital only banks and their associated gamified banking apps: A study of banking customers in the UK
Get PDFDigital-only banks have become prominent as global digitalisation within the financial technology (FinTech) sector gathered pace in the early 21st century. The adoption of their associated gamified banking apps by customers has grown exponentially in recent years due to the functional and hedonic benefits they provide, while also creating the conditions for adopting sustainable financial behaviours that influence users’ financial well-being.
Despite widespread interest in gamification within digital-only banking, three critical theoretical gaps remain. First, the absence of a theorised mediating mechanism explaining how game-design elements translate into behavioural outcomes. Second, insufficient attention to well-being as a distal outcome of gamification-induced behaviours, with nudge theory focusing
narrowly on behavioural compliance rather than welfare implications. Third, limited examination of antecedent factors and experiential realities shaping user adoption and sustained engagement with gamified banking apps. This thesis addresses these theoretical gaps by integrating the hedonic Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and nudge theory to explain the perceptual and behavioural pathways through which gamification operates. The UK digital only banking sector provides the empirical context for examining these theoretical relationships.
This research adopted a complementary mixed-methods research design with two independent phases addressing distinct research questions. The quantitative phase (N = 507) tested theoretically informed hypotheses using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine relationships between game-design elements, perceived value, sustainable financial behaviours, and financial well-being. The qualitative phase (N = 18) which was a smaller scale study, explored user digital-only banking adoption 3 motivations and their functional and hedonic usage experiences, through semi-structured interviews analysed using the thematic analysis technique.
Key findings from this study demonstrate that user adoption of digital-only banks and their associated gamified banking apps is motivated by peer-group influence (facilitated by reciprocal referral bonuses), ease of onboarding, and curiosity towards NEO banking. Both positive (e.g., intuitive user interface, gamified features, effective customer service) and negative experiences (e.g., subscription paywalls, cash deposit limitations, over-engagement risks) also characterise user engagement with these gamified banking apps. Game-design elements (progress monitoring, feedback, rewards) significantly enhance user adoption of sustainable financial behaviours through the mediating effects of their perceived value of gamified banking apps. Notably, goal-based features do not enhance user perceived values nor their adoption of sustainable financial behaviours. Finally, sustainable financial behaviours (saving, credit management, investment) positively influenced user financial well-being, with income moderating the spending – well-being relationship.
This thesis makes three primary theoretical contributions. First, it extends hedonic TAM by demonstrating that perceived value functions as the mediating mechanism linking design features to post-adoption behavioural outcomes, moving beyond intention-to-use models. It also introduces “ease of onboarding” as a temporally distinct construct and extends TAM’s social dimension to community-level validation. Second, it advances nudge theory by reorienting nudge evaluation from behavioural compliance to well-being outcomes and also developing an empirically grounded typology of nudges (i.e., social, financial, informative, and procedural) and specifying their relative efficacy. Third, it contributes to financial well-being scholarship by positioning gamification as a transformative digital intervention and identifying 4 income sufficiency as a structural moderator determining whether behavioural nudges translate into well-being gains.
Practically, findings from this study provide actionable insights for FinTech designers prioritising high-impact features (informative and reward-based nudges over goal-based nudges) and for policy makers establishing ethical guidelines for gamified financial services. The nudge typology offers practitioners a framework for designing interventions that balance commercial objectives with user welfare
Euclid : Early Release Observations – The star cluster systems of the Local Group dwarf galaxies IC 10 and NGC 6822
Get PDFStar clusters are valuable indicators of galaxy evolution, offering insights into the buildup of stellar populations across cosmic time. Understanding the intrinsic star cluster populations of dwarf galaxies is particularly important given these systems’ role in the hierarchical growth of larger systems. We use data from Euclid ’s Early Release Observation programme to study star clusters in two star-forming dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group, NGC 6822 and IC 10 [ M ⋆ ~ (1–4) × 10 8 M ⊙ ]. With Euclid , star clusters are resolved into individual stars across the main bodies and haloes of both galaxies. Through visual inspection of the I E images, we uncover 30 new star cluster candidates in NGC 6822 and 16 in IC 10, ranging from compact to diffuse extended clusters. We compile and re-evaluate previously identified literature candidates, resulting in final combined catalogues of 52 (NGC 6822) and 71 (IC 10) cluster candidates with confidence-based classifications. We present homogeneous photometry in I E , Y E , J E , and H E , and in archival UBVRI data, alongside size measurements and properties derived from the spectral energy distribution fitting code BAGPIPES . Through synthetic cluster injection, we conclude our sample is ~50% complete to M ≲ 10 3 M ⊙ for ages ≲100 Myr, and to M ≲ 2 × 10 4 M ⊙ for ages of ~10 Gyr. We find that IC 10 has more young clusters than NGC 6822, and its young clusters extend to higher masses, consistent with its starburst nature. We find several old massive (≳10 5 M ⊙ ) clusters in both dwarfs, including an exceptional cluster in NGC 6822’s outskirts with a mass of 1.3 × 10 6 M ⊙ , nearly twice as massive as any other old cluster in either galaxy. In NGC 6822, we also identify a previously undetected, old, and extended cluster ( R h = 12.4 ± 0.11 pc). Using well-defined criteria, we identify 11 candidate GCs in NGC 6822 and nine in IC 10. Both galaxies have high specific frequencies ( S N ) for their luminosities but remain consistent with the known GC scaling relationships in the low-luminosity regime
The Routledge Handbook of Language and Social Media around the World
No full textThe Routledge Handbook of Language and Social Media around the World offers a comprehensive overview of this growing area of research through a global lens, aiming to decentre existing epistemologies and produce new lines of inquiry through a wider diversity of perspectives. With its aim of complicating and diversifying understandings of language and social media through approaches and frameworks developed both within and outside dominant North American and European traditions, the volume is organized around seven sections, each focused on a particular geocultural context. Theoretical and methodological innovations as well as case studies of language practices across Africa, the Americas, East Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Oceania, and South Asia, which explore issues of diversities, inequalities, mobilities, creativities, and social justice, are featured. Each section includes a brief section introduction, written by a local editor with expertise in the region who brings together contributions in each section. The sections are conceived to be in dialogue with one another, reinforcing the book’s aims of generating new conversations around the decolonisation of applied linguistics. This volume is key reading for students and scholars interested in the study of language and social media in sociolinguistics, digital communication, applied linguistics, and anthropology
