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Detecting and measuring Transverse Aeolian Ridges on Mars using deep learning
Get PDFIn this investigation, a Deep Learning (DL) approach was applied to measure the morphometry of Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on the surface of Mars. A large sample of TARs was segmented from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images, the highest resolution remote sensing dataset presently available for the planet. HiRISE images located between 50°N and 50°S, and from all longitudes were selected. Morphometric parameters such as area, elongation, and orientation were retrieved for this sample using a supervised instance segmentation and geospatial analysis pipeline. The result is the most extensive catalogue of TAR morphometry to date extracted from ∼14 million candidate TARs in ∼7000 HiRISE Images. This was accomplished by training off-the-shelf DL models within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. A significant TAR population was found in approximately half of the images surveyed. TAR area, and the lengths of the long and short axes, were found to exhibit a positively skewed log-normal distribution; the median short axis length is 5 m, while the median long axis is 24 m. Median elongation is 0.24. Global TAR orientations are varied, although North-South oriented TARs are the most populous group. This is likely due to the strong east blowing winds predicted by GCM simulations of the modern martian climate. Here we present our latest results and use TAR orientation statistics to describe the emerging picture of global wind patterns on Mars during TAR forming epochs
Criminal justice social work: Repositioning a critical but overlooked field
No full textThis chapter examines what we call the paradoxes of professionalization that are present in the social work profession, brought on by capitalism, neoliberalism and other forms of economic and racial domination. In particular the chapter explore how these paradoxes intersect with social work’s partnership with the carceral state and the profession’s complicity in its harms, creating a reality in which carceral social work is hegemonic in the profession itself. This is followed by an analysis of several crises brought on by these paradoxes including social work’s obligations to the state, asymmetrical accountabilities, resource dependency, and silence and suppression on some matters of oppression and social justice. The chapter concludes with a framework for recovering social work from professionalization, towards a more deprofessionalized practice through the abolitionist practice of preconfiguration, building power and care outside institutions, and acting in resistance within institutions
Educational Resource for Young People - Rise Up! The Lancashire Weaver's Rising and Chatterton Massacre
Get PDFThe ‘unprecedented innovation’ of police and crime commissioners: Learning from a failed experiment
Get PDFThe local element of tripartite police governance in England and Wales since 2012 has predominantly revolved around a locally elected police and crime commissioner (PCC) and this system will end in 2028. This article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of that governance model, in terms of design and implementation. It draws general lessons about police governance. The article is based primarily on empirical data from 22 individual interviews of police chief constables and PCCs from a diverse range of police forces. An earlier systematic literature review and policy documents underpin the analysis. The article concludes that the PCC model has inherent problems for local representation, accountability, operational independence, leadership and roles and relationships of senior police leaders with elected politicians. It also provides insights into police governance models, relevant to both the UK and internationally
Motivations and Barriers to Men's Interest in Childcare: The Role of Norm Perception and Sexual Orientation Stereotyping
No full textThis study examined how sexual orientation stereotypes and perceived norms shape young gay and straight men's perceptions of motivations and barriers to interest in early childhood education and care (ECEC) careers. Gay and straight men (N = 364) estimated interest and then reported barriers and motivations influencing men's interest in childcare work; either for themselves, gay men, or straight men. Men overestimated gay men's interest in childcare work, regardless of their own sexual orientation. As key barriers, participants cited the low salary, poor working conditions, and the gendered association of childcare with femininity, whereas key motivators were positive interactions with children, salary increases, and intrinsic rewards associated with a care‐oriented career. Patterns of distorted norm perception and sexual orientation stereotyping emerged: straight men believed traditional masculinity norms discouraged other straight men more than themselves (i.e., pluralistic ignorance), and gay men overestimated communal motivations of other gay men. These findings highlight how sexual orientation stereotypes and misperceptions of norms reinforce occupational segregation. The discussion addresses the implications of these dynamics for diversifying the ECEC workforce and calls for interventions that challenge restrictive identity‐based assumptions about caregiving roles
Conceptualising inclusive in inclusive innovations: evidence from the AI-based MedTech for cancer detection in India
Get PDFEarly detection of cancers is a major challenge in India due to the limited availability and access to early detection modalities in low-resource healthcare settings. Recent artificial intelligence (AI)-driven point-of-care (PoC) medical technology (MedTech) innovations for early detection have shown some signs of bridging this gap. This article has two objectives: first, to contextualize these innovations into the broader health-industrial construct of early detection modalities for cancer in India. For this, we use our novel Inclusive Health Innovation framework to frame adaptation of the scarcity-induced innovation matrix by Srinivas and Sutz. Second, it conceptualizes inclusivity in the context of these PoC MedTechs, exploring its implications for cancer detection in India. Using three case studies of PoC MedTechs for oral, breast, and cervical cancer, and data from online semi-structured interviews, this article provides critical insights into inclusiveness in the development process and outcomes of these innovations in low-resource healthcare settings
The neoliberal framing of ‘race’ equality initiatives in British sport
No full textDespite decades of policy efforts designed to address racial inequalities in British sport, their impact on disrupting longstanding injustices appears negligible. This critical commentary examines some reasons why such ‘race’ equality initiatives have not prompted substantive change. Rather than a policy ‘failure’, we argue that they may be better understood as ‘succeeding’ in meeting their core purpose – which is to reproduce the neoliberal conditions from which they have emerged. This alternative reading draws on Fraser’s integrated theory of social justice (2000) and Meer’s (2022) conception of the cruel optimism of racial justice to situate ‘race’ equality initiatives within their broader macro-level political, social and economic structures. In doing this, we highlight how such initiatives tend to enact core organising features of neoliberalism that include market-driven solutions to inequality, individualising sources of inequality and prioritising cultural recognition over economic redistribution. We argue that such initiatives can be seen to legitimise and reinforce – rather than challenge and disrupt – structural racial injustices that are necessary components of neoliberal societies. This analysis moves beyond a tendency within sport policy research to prioritise meso-level evaluations of organisational implementation, which often takes the underlying intention and design of policy at ‘face value’. We call for a more critical macro-level examination of the wider political function and ideological underpinnings of sport policy. This alternative analysis can aid a deeper understanding of the contribution that current policy approaches may have in perpetuating, rather than redressing, systemic racial inequalities in British spor
The Routledge International Handbook of Criminal Justice Social Work
No full textWorldwide, social workers have many functions and roles to play in the areas of crime and criminal justice, and they work with service users at both sides of criminal justice: crime perpetrators, crime victims and, very often, vulnerable people who are part of the two groups.
This handbook provides both a critical exploration of the roots and theoretical foundations of Criminal Justice Social Work as well as cutting-edge research and practice in the field, from a global and inclusive viewpoint.
This book is divided into six parts:
Theoretical Approaches and Critical Perspectives on Criminal Justice Social Work
Social Work in the Prison System
Children, Youth and Criminal Justice Social Work
Social Work, Health and Justice
Social Exclusion and Vulnerabilities in the Criminal Justice System
Police Social Work, Social Work in Courts and Criminal Justice Social Work with Communities
It moves away from purely legalistic approaches and regulation constraints which often leave social workers and researchers in this field feeling unheard and powerless in the face of oppressive procedures and regulations in opposition to service users’ human rights and social justice-oriented change, in line with the profession’s global codes of ethics.
The diverse and international knowledge generated by this handbook will become a key global resource for teaching and learning about the foundations and diverse understandings, practices and regulations regarding social work in the areas of crime and criminal justice and for enhancing social work’s contributions and influence on these
The Scribbly Gum Moths: <i>Ogmograptis</i> species
No full textUnusually for an iconic animal, the scribbly gum moths (Ogmograptis spp. Bucculatricidae) are better known for the distinctive tracks they leave. Larvae feed in the phellogen, or cork cambium, of Eucalyptus bark. It is only months later, when a bark layer sheds, that their larval mines are revealed, appearing as if someone has scribbled on the trunk. The scribbles, an accurate record of larval behaviour of some species, have distinct attributes on different host tree species. Considered monotypic for over 75 years, there are now 12 Ogmograptis species described. Larval behaviour is best understood for the ‘scribula’ group which consists of O. scribula, O. fraxinoides, O. racemosa and O. pilularis. The potential distribution of the scribbly gum moths is indicated by records of the moths themselves and their eucalypt hosts. The life history of Ogmograptis species is described, where known, with an emphasis on bark traits which could explain why only some Eucalyptus are hosts for Ogmograptis species and how larvae identify the bark layer in which to mine. Increases in temperature and fire frequency/severity as climate shifts, together with habitat destruction, are concerning threats to scribbly gum moths
