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Speleoclimate Monitoring to Assess Cave Tourism Capacity in Gelatik Cave, Gunungsewu Geopark, Indonesia
Full text linkIncreased of the number of visitor at Gelatik Cave is a challenge in terms of cave management. In natural conditions, Caves are vulnerable with environmental changes especially microclimates condition. The change of microclimate inside the cave can destruct cave ornaments.Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the cave carrying capacity with microclimates as the main parameter. This research aims to (1) explore the daily variation of speleoclimate in Gelatik Cave Tourism and (2) analyze the cave tourism capacity in Gelatik Cave. Microclimate parameter that was measured in this research was temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide inside the cave. Measurement of microlimate parameter was carried out automatically for 24 hours during peak season in December 2017 and low season in May 2018. Cave tourism capacity was measured using Lobo method (Lobo, 2015). The results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide in the Gelatik Cave varry due to tourism activities. The most sensitive parameter is the carbon dioxide concentration inside the cave. The maximum of tourists allowed to visit Gelatik Cave is 76 visitors/ day during holidays and working days. Meanwhile, the maximum time of stay accepted for a particular area inside Gelatik Cave is 17 minutes 10 seconds during weekdays and 12 minutes 53 seconds during the holiday season
Developing an Extraction Method of Urban Built-Up Area Based on Remote Sensing Imagery Transformation Index
Full text linkStudying urban areas using remote sensing imagery has become a challenge, both visually and digitally. Supervised classification, one of the digital classification approaches to differentiate between built-up and non-built-up area, used to be leading in digital studies of urban area. Then the next generation uses index transformation for automatic urban data extraction. The extraction of urban built-up land can be automatically done with NDBI although it has one limitation on separating built-up land and bare land. The previous studies provide opportunities for further research to increase the accuracy of the extraction, particularly using index transformation. This study aims to obtain the maximum accuracy of the extraction by merging several indices including NDBI, NDVI, MNDWI, NDWI, and SAVI. The merging of the indices is using four stages: merging of two indices, three indices, four indexes and five indices. Several operations were experimented to merge the indices, either by addition, subtraction, or multiplication. The results show that merging NDBI and MNDWI produce the highest accuracy of 90.30% either by multiplication (overlay) or reduction. Application of SAVI, NDBI, and NDWI also gives a good effect for extracting urban built-up areas and has 85.72% mapping accuracy
Exploring Typology of Residents Staying in Disaster-Prone Areas: A Case Study in Tambak Lorok, Semarang, Indonesia
Full text linkStudies about population immobility, especially immobility associated with climate change-related disaster, are very limited. As a consequence, the explanation of population immobility in disaster prone areas is still blurred. This study contributes in explaining population immobility by exploring the typology of residents who did not move from disaster-prone areas. The survey was conducted towards the residents of Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang, which is prone to three disasters simultaneously i.e. sea level rise, land subsidence, and tidal inundation. The study sample was 235 heads of households selected using proportional sampling area technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts: (1) demographic, social, and economic characteristics of people who did not move from disaster prone areas; and (2) staying intention in disaster prone areas. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by using table and graph of respondent characteristic and relation between respondent characteristic and staying intention in research area. Three (3) typologies have been identified, namely: Type-1 are residents who wishes to stay; Type-2 are residents who still have not decided whether to stay or move; and Type-3 are residents who do not want to stay/want to move. Each of these typologies is described by place of birth, age, length of stay, education, occupation, and income. The understanding of the typology of residents living in disaster prone areas is important as inputs for policy-makers, especially regarding the relocation of people from disaster prone areas to be effective. The results of this study also contribute empirical evidence to the migration theory debate at the micro level, namely that the staying intention is a key element in the 'black box' of immobile decision-making from disaster prone areas
Spatial Analysis and Visualization of Geographic Access to Food in the Capital Area of Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province
Full text linkRecently, food security becomes a priority for many governments particularly in developing countries. Food security has four dimensions i.e. availability, accessibility, stability, and utilization. This study examined food accessibility in term of geographic access i.e. the contribution of the geographic environment to food choices and consumption. The study located in Tanjung Selor Subdistrict, the capital region of Bulungan Regency as well as North Kalimantan Province. Geographic access to food was analyzed based on spatial distribution of food stores, settlement, and availability of transportation network. Spatial analysis, i.e. coverage, density, and network analysis, as well as the spatial visualization were performed using tools available in GIS software. This study revealed some circumstance related to geographical access to food in the study area. Geographical access to food for non-motorized people is limited. Non-motorized people have to walk more than 1 km to the nearest food store. Access to food for motorized people is somewhat different. Their geographical access, in general, were categorized as easy to moderate. This situation indicates that the availability of public transport or vehicle ownership is necessary to improve access to food
An Exploration of Food Insecurity, Poverty, Livelihood and Local Food Potentials in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkKulon Progo has been struggled to cope with the issues of poverty and food insecurity. The provincial and local governments pay a lot of attention to tackling these deprivation problems. The BKPP DIY developed a composite index which concluded that poverty is the primary cause of the deprivation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the rural deprivation in Kulon Progo by assessing its aspects including poverty, food insecurity conditions, livelihoods, and local food potentials. Several methods, including typology, livelihood calculation, and resource possibility mapping are introduced for the preliminary analysis of this deprivation. The findings show that in Kulon Progo, (1) most of the deprived areas are located in the typology of upland region, (2) based on its of five assets, in general, the livelihood condition in Kulon Progo needs an improvement on financial, natural, and physical capitals, and (3) presenting the local food clusters based on its local food plantation area and production, so that these findings could give alternatives for the decision makers to develop the rural (deprived) areas
Caldera of Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta: A Volcanic Geomorphology Review
Full text linkGodean hills is located approximately 10 km westward from the Yogyakarta City. The landscape of Godean hills and plains is affected by various factors, such as lithology, geological structure, and sub-aerial process. The purpose of this study was to reveal the landscape of Godean. The method consisted of field study, morphological variables assessment, rock sampling, and laboratory analysis. The results of field mapping indicated that the landscape of Godean is an isolated hill with a steep slope of 40° and an elevation of +231 m a.s.l, passed by the rivers flows from northeast to southwest that disembogue into the west part of Kulon Progo. The morphologhy of Godean hills varies including G. (Gunung/Mountain) So (+173 m amsl), G. Gede (+218 m a.s.l), G. Wungkal (+187 m a.s.l), G. Butak (+154 m a.s.l), and G. Berjo ( + 175 m a.s.l), dominated by the lithology of igneous rock, which is composed of porphyry andesite-microdiorite, pumice lapilli, and quartz rich lapilli-tuff. In addition, most of the igneous rocks have weathered and have been altered to clays, while the deposition from Merapi volcano formed a landscape with an altitude between +100–+150 m a.s.l surrounding Godean hills. Sentolo Formation was found in Kembang, Bantul, which is located approximately ±5km in the south of the study area N93ºE/12º, while the distribution in the southwest and northeast relatively covers the Godean hills in curve shape. The results of the analysis provide information related with Godean landscape that it is the remains of the volcanic caldera, with various igneous rock types and volcaniclastics deposits, as well as endured the occurrences of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Further geophysical research is required to determine the configuration of igneous rocks under the earth's surface
Temporal Decorrelation Effect in Carbon Stocks Estimation Using Polarimetric Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolInSAR) (Case Study: Southeast Sulawesi Tropical Forest)
Full text linkThis paper was aimed to analyse the effect of temporal decorrelation in carbon stocks estimation. Estimation of carbon stocks plays important roles particularly to understand the global carbon cycle in the atmosphere regarding with climate change mitigation effort. PolInSAR technique combines the advantages of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) and Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, which is evidenced to have significant contribution in radar mapping technology in the last few years. In carbon stocks estimation, PolInSAR provides information about vertical vegetation structure to estimate carbon stocks in the forest layers. Two coherence Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of ALOS PALSAR full-polarimetric with 46 days temporal baseline were used in this research. The study was carried out in Southeast Sulawesi tropical forest. The research method was by comparing three interferometric phase coherence images affected by temporal decorrelation and their impacts on Random Volume over Ground (RvoG) model. This research showed that 46 days temporal baseline has a significant impact to estimate tree heights of the forest cover where the accuracy decrease from R2=0.7525 (standard deviation of tree heights is 2.75 meters) to R2=0.4435 (standard deviation 4.68 meters) and R2=0.3772 (standard deviation 3.15 meters) respectively. However, coherence optimisation can provide the best coherence image to produce a good accuracy of carbon stocks.
Global Warming Mitigation through the Local Action of Environmental Education in the Plantation Area of Palm Oil
Full text linkOil palm is a strategic mainstay product with a crucial role in the national economy, and it can also be carbon sink to mitigate the negative impact of global warming when managed in environmentally friendly manner. Therefore, management and surrounding community need to have an understanding of the environment, and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour. Action research, which aimed at mitigating global warming through the local action of environmental education (EE), was conducted toward oil palm plantation employee and surrounding community. The EE programme was expected to be able to shape understanding and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour in the target group. Rapid observation and interview were carried out in collecting data for EE programme development. A needs assessment was conducted in developing the EE subject; based on local environmental problems and gap of target group’s perception of the problems. Global warming-related environmental problems found in the location included air temperature increase, drought and difficulty in determining planting season. Spatial analysis based on 1989 and 2014 satellite imagery showed a decrease of the water body, tree vegetated land and open areas, and an increase in non-tree vegetated land and built land, accompanied by an increase in areas with higher temperature range. Both employees and the community had a good knowledge of the environment, but less in conservation. The environmental education provided for them had been able to increase their perception on environmental conservation. However, repetition and intensive assistance are still needed to strengthen the perceptio
Impacts of El Niño 2015 and the Indian Ocean Dipole 2016 on Rainfall in the Pameungpeuk and Cilacap Regions
Full text linkEl Niño and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are oceanographic phenomena which occur in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean due to air–sea interactions. These phenomena affect climate variability both regionally and globally. This study was conducted to understand the impacts of El Niño 2015 and IOD 2016 events on rainfall in the Pameungpeuk and Cilacap regions. The data used consists of the NIÑO3.4 index, IOD index, daily rainfall from 1987–2016, daily sea surface temperature from 1987–2016, daily sea surface height from 1994–2016 and pentad sea surface current from 2007–2016. The method used in this research was a descriptive analysis. The results have shown that rainfall in Pameungpeuk and Cilacap was influenced by El Niño 2015 and negative IOD 2016. During El Niño 2015 a decrease in rainfall occurred, whereas during negative IOD 2016 rainfall increased. Rainfall anomalies in the east season and the second transition season during El Niño 2015 in Pameungpeuk reached −107 mm and −374 mm; meanwhile in Cilacap rainfall anomalies reached −111 mm and −218 mm. Conversely, rainfall anomalies during negative IOD 2016 reached 109 mm and 360 mm in Pameungpeuk, and in Cilacap reached 293 mm and 365 mm. Changes in rainfall in Pameungpeuk and Cilacap during El Niño 2015 and negative IOD 2016 events were closely related to the weakening and strengthening of convections in the southern waters of Java