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Characteristics of Land Resources as Foundation of Watershed Management in Sub Watershed Merawu, Serayu
No full textIn 2000, the area of DAS critical land in Indonesia is approximately 23,242,881 ha which consists of forest area 8,136,646 ha (35%) and non forest area 15,106,234 ha (65%). In the contrary, the fact shows that in 1989/ 1990 (the beginning of ‘Pelita’/ the five years development planning owned by the government), the area of DAS critical land in Indonesia was 13,180,000 ha only that consists of forest area 5,910,000 ha and non forest area 7,270,000 ha. The cause and its location of negative improvement of the above DAS has not been predited yet. The one of the causes is the weakness of information system on very DAS management system in the aspect of biophysical, soial, eonomical, and cultural. Therefore, it needs the improvement of DAS management which is supported by the result of research and development. The purpose of this research is to get the potency information and the possibility of sensitivity of the land resources in the frame of DAS management with biophisical land as the parameter. Sub DAS of Merawu (21,860 Ha) isas one of the parts of ‘bulu’ DAS Serayu with stream flow minimum 0,81 m3/second and maximum 108 m3/second. The sub DAS of Merawu as the part of ‘bulu’ Serayu has the type of climate A and B with annual rainfall approximatelly 2,000 mm and it can support everything in the stream flow of in order to prevent the flood. This ondition is caused by the permanent vegetation such as forest, underbrsuh or srub, tea garden, as well as multi – plantgarden that has around 40% happen in the ineptisol land, although precipitous slope and very precipitous (25%). The technique of land conversation is good enough in its development, mainly in the dry section of the field by using ‘teras gundul’ and ‘teras bangku’ the society near Sub DAS of Merawu is densely populated, its is around 517 up to 827 persons/ square with their main profession as farmer and their income is around Rp 2.000.000 per year. Bya analysing the above DAS management, it an show that sub DAS of Merawu has the potency of water both for internal and external DAS consuming. The potency of using the land for farimng one season in length (class II, III, and IV) consists of around 50,8%. The development multy plant garden (25% area of DAS) is as the type of potential farming effort because of the diversity of both the result and time; besides it is also as the form of protection toward the effetive land. The possibility of sensitivity is too wide land which is susceptible toward the slide (land slide), mainly in the middle part of the DAS. The live dependee of land which strong enough is as the threat toward the future resoures conservation
Utilization of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring and Evaluation of Solo Watershed Management
No full textThis research is an application of remote sensing technology for monitoring and evaluation of watershed management, which was conducted is Solo Watershed, Central and East Java. The research objectives were 1) to investigate the capability of photomorphic analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Themmatic Mapper (ETM +) imagery as the basic for analyzes of landforms, landuse, and morphometry of the land surface; 2) to calculate the overland flow – peak discharge and erosion – sediment yield as indicators of land degradation of the area; 3) to use the indicators as set of instrument for monitoring and evaluation of watershed management. In this study, visual interpretation by means of on-screen digilization of the digital imagery was carried out in order to identify and to delineate land parameters using photomorphic approach. Based on the photomorphic analysis, several image – based parameters such as relief topography, physical soil characteristic, litho – stratigraphy, and vegetation cover were integrated with other themati maps in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Estimation of overland flow (C) based on Cook methods (1942) and calculation of peak disccharge (Qmax) based on rational method (Qmax = C. I. A) were applied. Meanwhile, estimation of surface erosion was carried out using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE, A = R. K. L. S. CP). The sediment yield (Sy) was estimated using seddiment delivery ratio ( SDR) based on the following formula: Sy = [A + (25% x A)] x SDR. Both pairs of C – Qmax and A – Sy, were utilized as the basis for monitoring and evaluation of the watershed. The combination of C – Qmax and A – Sy were also used as the basis for selection of stream gauge setting / AWLR within particular sub – catchment. It was found that the photomorphic analysis is only color/tone, slope aspects, pattern, and texture, unit boundaries between volcanic – origin landscape (Wilis volcanic complex) and folded – hills landforms (Kendeng ridges) can be delineated. Within the volcanic features, coarse – textured units indicating pyroclastic materials with high drainage density (western part of Lawu volcano). In terms of calculated overland flow and peak discharge of 100 sub – catchment within the Solo Watershed, it was found that there are four sub – catchment with relatively high values ( 0.60 and 1200 m3s1 for overland flow and peak discharge repectively), namely Samin (Karanganyar), Keduang (Wonogiri), Dengkeng (Klaten), and Sungkur (Ponorogo). Five sub-catchment might be categorized as having moderate peak discharge (Qmax ranges from 1000 – 1200 m3s1), namely Ketonggo (Ngawi), Keyang (Ponorogo), Gandong – Semawur (Magetan), Pepe (Boyolali), and Soko (Bojonegoro), while the remaining 91 sub-catchments are categorized as having low peak discharge. Based on the calculation of erosion and sediment yield, there was no sub-catchment with moderate category (60 – 180 ton ha1yr1), i.e. Samin (Karanganyar), Gonggong (Magetan), Ngisip and Kedung Cilik (Tuban), and Pepe (Boyolali). The other 95 sub-catchment might be categorized as gentle to good. In terms of values representing overland flow – flood and erosion – sediment yield, there are several sub-catchments require first priority in monitoring and evaluation, and are recommended as suitable sites for stream gauge setting, i.e. Samin (Karanganyar), Gonggong (Magetan), Ngisip and Kedung Cilik (Tuban)
Karakteristik Geografi Regional Indonesia: Analisis Peluang dan Tantangan terhadap Penggalian Sumber-Sumber Dasar Kawasan Indonesia Timur
No full textPada dasarnya pengembangan kawasan andalan yang diprioritaskan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) bertumpu pada pendekatan yang berorientasi pada sumberdaya (resources based oriented) dan pendekatan yang berorientasi pada sumberdaya manusia (people centered approach). Karakteristik geografi regional kepulauan Indonesia ditandai dengan dominasi wilayah laut dan perairan pantai. Luas wilayah laut sekitar empat kali lipat dari luas daratan, yaitu 7,9 juta km2 dibanding 1,9 juta km2. Ini berarti wilayah laut mendominasi sekitar 81% dari luas wilayah Indonesia, dengan garis pantai sepanjang 81.000 km. Kepulauan Indonesia dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah Jawa, Sumatra, dan Kalimantan serta pulau-pulau kecil di sekitar dangkalan Sunda di sekitar perairan Selat Malaka dan perairan Indo – Cina yang berasosiasi dengan Asia. Kelompok kedua adalah Irian Jaya (bagian dari Pulau New Guinea) dan kepulauan Aru di dangkalan Sahul yang berasosiasi dengan Australia. Kelompok ketiga adalah kelompok kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, dan Sulawesi dengan dikelilingi perairan dalam atau palung laut. Sumber-sumber dasar pembangunan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga, yaitu sumberdaya alam, manusia, dan budaya. Pengembangan KTI perlu mendapat perhatian karena masih adanya kesenjangan pembangunan yang terjadi. Kesenjangan ini dapat dilihat dari tiga indikator dasar yaitu luas geografis, distribusi kependudukan, dan konsentrasi industri Pulau Jawa dan Madura
Feasibility Study of Padarangin Cave Slogohimo Wonogiri for Eco-Tourism
No full textArea of Karst of mount Sewu in countryside of Padarangin own immeasurable of potency to be developed by besides activity of mining namely the tourism activity. Cave of nature found enable to can be developed as tourism, but date not yet been known how big potency of relevant tourism with the cave. In line with the problems, this research aim to provide basic data of potency of cave and assess elegibility of cave. Padarangin for ecotourism in Wonogiri Regeny. Method used by survey of field and interview resident. Result of research indicate that cave of Padarangin have mount of cave at height 848 m msl which relative narrow, chamber horizontal as long as 63,8 m and vertical in 32,5 m. Needed by a special equipment to enter cave with capasities 10 – 15 people once the visit/incoming, owning value of sakral trusted by local society. The cave competent to be developed as tourism object of special enthusasm with visit limited.
Rural Depopulation Pattern at Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY)
No full textRural population in Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY), in the last two decades, have shown dramatical changes in its quantity and quality. Depopulation is one of the interseting hanges which may considered as unique in term of its spatial distribution. Rural depopulation is a nebulous phenomenon which many factors, actors, and other phenomenon are involved in shoping depopulation. It is related to socio – economic hanges such as a) shifting economic structure and labour in rural areas from agricultural to non – agriculture sectors; b) growing urban economy leads by industry which may creates employment opportunities and adsorb labours or migrants; c) improving social development related to technological innovation, accessibility and resource availability. Besides the sicio – economic factors, physical geographycal factors may influence to depopulation pattern.This paper is based on a secondary data research i.e. statistical data at rural levels in Yogyakarta, thematics maps and other documents. Statistical methodes and map pattern analysis are employed to analysis data. The result of this research are as follows: a) the rural depopulation in DIY can be found in 189 rural areas of 393 rural areas (48.09%); b) the spatial distribution of the rural depopulation are in Gunung Kidul District (80 rural areas), Kulon Progo District (59 rural areas) Sleman District (33 rural areas), and Bantul District (17 rural areas); c) the rural depopulation in Yogyakarta at least related to six factors whih have been identified as out – migration, local resources, carrying capacity, geographycal location or accessibility, rural infrastructure, and service availability
Surface Water Hydrology Conditions in Alabio Polder for Irrigation
No full textThe Alabio polder irrigation which area of 6000 ha is situated at the Negara river basin in Kalimantan Selatan province, consist of agricultural land which major part is approximately used for paddy-fields (60%), swamp zone (30%), and other (10%). During rainy season are usually flooded, which water level of 0,50 – 1,50 m above the ground surface. The flooding is due to the slight slope of the Alabio, Panggang, and Negara river. During field investigatiton period from Desember 1989 to Pebruary 1990, inflow discharge measured in the Tabukan intake was 14,9 – 17,1 m3/det, which water elevation was 2,62 – 2,74 m MSL, in Mahar intake was 0,52 – 2,67 m3/det, which water elevation was 2,94 – 3,25 m MSL. The outflow discharge measured in the Kalumpang drainage main canal was 1,68 – 17,1 m3/det, and in the Luang drainage canal was 13,62 – 16,92 m3/det. The Alabio Polder outside slope was 0,00011 – 0,00025, the inside slope was 0,00002 – 0,00010. The difference of water level elevations for the various discharge in the Alabio canals network is due back water in the downstream Polder area. Sedimentation was accour in the intake and drainage canals. The chemical analyze show that surface water meet to the standard for irrigation. The hydrologycal optimation and water balance study should be necessary
Geographical Distribution of Dairy Cattle in Boyolali
No full textThe researcch about the geographic distribution of diary cattle breeders, is held in Subdistrict of Selo, Cepogo, Musuk, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Teras, and Banyudono, Boyolali regency. This research aims to investigate potential areas for dairy attle breeding and the physical factors (availability of groundwater, average temperature, altitude, accesibility) that contribute most to the density of cattle in the research site. In addition, it investigates the differences m water supply for dairy cattle breeding and the ratio of income to cost at every morphological units as well as the effect of the amount of water supply on milk production and the effect of the Ca content of groundwater on the density of dairy cattle. The methods use in the research is survey method. The data colleted in the research consist of 200 primary data of the respondents taken from head of dairy cattle breeders families using a questionnare. Secondary data are obtained from related agencies, reference books and other authorized source dealing with the research yopic. In order to find out the differences in water supply for dairy cattle breeding and the ratio of income to cost, a statistical measurenment with Anova test is carried out. A multiple regression test is used to find out the effects of the availability of groundwater, altitude, average temperature, and accesibility on the density of dairy cattle. A simple regression test is used to find out the effects of water supply on milk producctin and the Ca sontent of groundwater on the density of dairy cattle.The result of the research indicate that the research site consist of four morphological units, namely the Volcanic slope, Volcanic foot, fluvio Volcanic foot, fluvio volcanic plain. The potential areas for dairy cattle breeding are situated at an altitude of 700 meters, temperature 17o C – 21o C especially the areas in the subdistrict of Selo and Cepogo. The result of the statistical test indicate that the most differences in the amount of water supply for dairy attle breeding as well as in the rasio between income and cost among morphological units. Water supply for dairy cattle breeding has no effect on milk production, whereas the Ca content of groundwater has no effect on the density of dairy cattle
Role of Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information Systems to Support in Landuse Planning Activity at Urban Area
No full textLand order in an urban area that is not based on complete and reasonable spatial information an cause an unintegrated development program. Therefore, spatial information that can analyze the information to make a decision of land order is greatly needed. To present the most reasonable physical data of the urban can use the data of remote sensing as a main source, because the data an present not only a high temporal resolution, but also a complete object. Along with the advance of computer-based GIS, the data of remote sensing can be integrated with GIS. In addition, the data sharing can be used in various sectors. Thus, both updating and mutual exchanging of data can be done easly
Study on Geomorphology of Cepogo Sub-District, Boyolali, Central Java
No full textThere are two point of this geomorphological research. Firstly, to study the characteristic or physical condition of the observed area. Secondly, data providing or geomorphology information extracted from geomorphological map of scale 1 : 25.000. this research included literature study collecting of primary and secondary data. The method applied in this researh was the map interpretation of the observed area. The maps interpretation included topographical, geological, slope, and soil. Fieldwork was carried out to compare the result of maps interpretation with the facts of field, all at once for recording and surveying of the field physical data observed in the research. There were four types of recorded physical data i.e morphology, morphogenesis, morphocronology,, and morphoarrangement. In the research there was known that the observed area consists of an origin landform i.e. formation of volcanic origin and distinguished into nine units of landform. In broad outline, in the observed area of the research, there were many geomorphological processes i.e. weathering, erosion, and massdenudation of rocks, and there were also found steeply slopes deep valleys and formation of alluvial fan
Soil Sequence at Western Slope of Lawu Volcano
No full textThe objectives of this study was sto know the soil sequence according to topographic position on west part of Lawu volcano. Interpretation of topographic map and landsat image, making topographic cross section from upper slope, lower slope to fluvio volcanic plain were carried out for reference the location of soil profile morphological description. Soil morphological description in representative soil profile on every landscape unit. Taking soil samples for analysing physical and chemical properties to know soil development. The result indicated that go down to the slope, from upper slope, lower slope to fluvio volcanic plain, there were 4 soil landscape or 4 soil great group i.e. Melamudands (Andosol), Eutrudepts (Latosol), Ferrudalfs (Mediteran), and Udifluvents (Alluvial)