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Sustainability Level of Heritage Cities in Malaysia
Full text linkThis article aims to measure the level of sustainability of heritage cities in Malaysia. A thousand residents of ten selected heritage cities throughout Malaysia were selected as the respondents based on the cluster sampling and simple random methods to complete the questionnaire. A Likert scale on questionnaires 1 to 5 was used to elicit feedback. Five sustainability constructs were used: economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage, and government/community role. The results showed that the items in each study construct achieved an acceptable reliability level, with a Cronbach Alpha value greater than 0.70, and also met the normality test requirements. Descriptive analyses of the frequencies, percentages, and average mean values were used to establish each construct's level of sustainability. The results of the study show that the cities that attracted high scores were Georgetown (3.94), Taiping (4.00), Melaka City (3.76), and Muar (3.71). Meanwhile, the cities that attracted moderate scores were Kuala Kubu Bharu (3.36), Jugra (3.23), Tampin (3.37), Kuala Lipis (3.28), Kota Bharu (3.65) and Kuching (3.51). The implications of this study can be used to indicate the actual situation of the level of sustainability of heritage cities and be a reference to carry out the process of improvement towards a more sustainable city by 2030
Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Flood Inundation in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study examines spatial patterns of flood inundation in Lokoja, Kogi state, Nigeria. Maximum Likelihood Classifier algorithm of the supervised land use/cover classification technique was utilized. The results obtained from the analysis were used to estimate the magnitude and visualize the seasonal and spatial pattern of flood inundation event. Eight Landsat Images comprising of two sets for each year (dry and wet seasons) were acquired from the portal of United States Geological Survey (2018). The Landsat images were classified into land cover classes such as Built Up, Vegetation and Water Body. After completing the land cover classification, the area of each class was determined and converted to square kilometers and percentages for both wet and dry seasons. Based on the classification, the brown colour depicts the built-up areas, blue for water body, and green for vegetation. Finally, accuracy assessment was carried out using historical Google Earth images, informed knowledge of the area, and GPS coordinates. ArcMap 10.5 was used to produce land use/cover maps for the study period. The result overall, revealed the effect of flood inundation to be more intense on vegetation. 1.62%, 4.60%, 23.05% and 6.43% of vegetated land was lost in 1999, 2009, 2012 and 2018, respectively. Therefore, efforts to improve resilience against variable weather, flood inundation and seasonal uncertainties should be encouraged
Spatial Dynamics of Land Cover Change in Ternate Tengah District, Ternate City, Indonesia
Full text linkThe phenomenon of urban growth has become an important issue that affects the land use system and land cover in a region for several reasons, such as population growth and the economy. This phenomenon has also become one of the main environmental issues lately because it has devastated urban ecosystems. Ternate Tengah District has the highest population growth rate in Ternate City and has experienced extensive urban development due to several reasons, such as the pace of urbanization, economic growth, and population. Urbanization accelerates the demand to land for living. As a result, there will be gaps or disparities between land needs and available land, a decline in environmental carrying capacity, and potential environmental harm in the future. Spatial modeling of future land covers is needed to provide data on policy-making. GIS and remote sensing methods have been widely introduced, but the most effective one is CA-Markov. This model has been used in various areas worldwide, but its application to predicting land use change in the populous city of a small island under threat of volcanic hazards like Ternate is limited. This study aims to evaluate and forecast the land-use changes brought on by urbanization in Ternate City's Central Ternate District. We used a cellular automata-Markov chain to examine and forecast land cover changes in 2002, 2012, 2022, and 2032. The findings indicate that residential area development will increase along with population expansion and land demand. The results of this study can support the policy-making related to the future arrangement and utilization of space in The Central Ternate District
Do Disaster Literacy and Mitigation Policy Affect Residents Resettling in Tsunami Prone Areas? Study from the City of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Full text linkIt has been a decade and a half since the tsunami struck Aceh in 2004. Half of the city of Banda Aceh was destroyed. However, this tsunami-prone area has regained population density with households and communities growing despite the efforts of the local government to socialize disaster literacy and mitigation policy. Have these policies affected people in their decision to resettle in this disaster-prone area? This is the issue considered in this study. It aims to examine and analyse the impact of disaster literacy and mitigation policies on residents’ decision to occupy a post-disaster area in Banda Aceh. This study employs a quantitative approach. It utilises random sampling. A set of questionnaires were distributed among 225 samples (households) across 5 sub-districts in the tsunami red-zone area. These questionnaires have been analysed using SPSS, employing a multiple linear regression technique. The outcome indicated that disaster literacy had a significant positive affect (p value=0.000, β=0.410), while the mitigation policies were not statistically significant for residents’ decisions to resettle in disaster-prone areas. As the tsunami area remains vulnerable, a resulting policy recommendation is for the local government to be more active in disseminating its mitigation policies, and in helping residents to develop a fuller understanding of them (including implications of the disaster risk index and the disaster risk map). This would help achieve and put into practice the objectives of the mitigation policies
Identification of Andesite Resource Potential In Kalirejo Area, Kokap Sub-District, Kulon Progo Using Resistivity Method
Full text linkIn the last five years, the need for materials to build infrastructure in Kulon Progo Regency has increased with the construction of an international airport. In the construction process, strong earth or rock materials are needed to make buildings resistant to earthquakes, one of which is andesite rock. This study aims to determine andesite rocks' resources using a three-dimensional model based on the value of resistivity in Kalirejo district Kokap Kulon Progo. The research was conducted by geological and geophysical survey. Based on data on the distribution of rocks in the research area included in the intermediate igneous rocks, andesite. These rocks are intrusions that develop in research areas. Petrography analysis is used to determine the types of minerals in andesite rocks and determine which levels of rock changes have changed or not to affect the strength of rocks. These rocks are intrusions that develop in research areas. Geophysical survey is by resistivity method using configuration dipole-dipole with five lines, and each stretch is 200 m. Based on three-dimensional model resistivity, fresh andesite is at a depth of between 5-10 m. Value of andesite resistivity is more than 668 Ωm, while the value of weathered andesite resistivity ranges from 256-536 Ωm and andesite resources about 332,580 tons
Forensic Profiling Analogue Approach for the Investigation of Natural Hazards – A Case Study from Onokoba Elementary School, Unzen Volcano, Japan
Full text linkInternal temperature variations of pyroclastic flows and their deposits are arguably the most challenging data to acquire. As a preliminary study of the temperature variation inside pyroclastic flows, the remains of Onokoba Elementary School (Shimabara, Japan) were investigated. The elementary school is located in the close vicinity of Unzen volcano and was hit by one of the largest pyroclastic flows during the latest active period of the volcano on 15th of September 1991. This present preliminary study aims to determine the temperature exposure of various portion of the school building using field-forensic and urban geology. Natural hazard methods applied to the damaged materials exposed to high temperature have generated a temperature fingerprint the maximum temperature distribution. Charred wooden parts and plastic gutters installed on the schoolyard-side faced of the building turns out to be the most useful temperature indicators. The various deformation and alterations of the studied materials show significant differences in the temperature exposed to. Such differences on the second-floor section (between 75-110°C and 120-150°C) and on the first-floor section (above 435-557°C) of the building do not simply imply significant temperature heterogeneity in short distance (some ten to ≤100 m) inside the pyroclastic flow, but also points toward the possible effects of the building architecture on some key dynamic parameter of the pyroclastic flow. Such information may be important for planning future hazard mitigation actions
Flickr Photos Analysis for Beach Tourism Management in Bantul Regency, Indonesia: Popularity and Tourist Attractions
Full text linkPhotos shared by social media users act as an approach in identifying tourist activity. Popular tourist attractions are judged based on the large number of photos or high photo density. In Bantul Regency, Indonesia, beaches have diverse attractions which tourists can enjoy and immortalize through photos. Analyzing the contents of photos on Flickr provides information on the type(s) of beaches or coastal attractions preferred by tourists. This study examined the availability of geotagged Flickr photos to assist in making relevant beach tourism management policies. It employed pattern analysis with the average nearest neighbor, density analysis with kernel density estimation, image content analysis with tourist attraction as the variable, and overlay analysis to formulate recommendations for beach tourism management based on the popularity level of the attractions. The results indicate that each of the local beaches offers different attractions with varying popularity levels and that natural beauty is the main feature attracting tourists to visit all beaches, except Baros. Based on the pattern analysis, the Flickr photos are clustered on several beaches of high popularity, such as Parangtritis, Baros, Depok, and Cemara Sewu. By using geotagged Flickr photo data and refers to the concept of tourism supply and demand, recommendations for developing the attractive features on these beaches have been compiled according to their respective themes and popularity levels to target specific tourist market segments and design integrated tour or travel packages
Spatial Analysis to Mitigate the Spread of Covid-19 Based on Regional Demographic Characteristics
Full text linkCOVID-19 is currently the hot topic of discussion by scientists because of its ability to quickly spread, in line with everyday human activities. One of the environmental factors related to climatic parameters, such as the air temperature, contributed to the spreading of COVID-19 in the last four months. Its distribution ability is no longer local as it successfully halts the important activities in many countries globally. This study aims to explain the opportunity of geospatial analysis in handling the COVID-19 distribution locally based on the characteristics of demographic data. Various data, including the confirmed positive for COVID-19, age-based population, and Landsat 8 satellite imagery data were used to determine the spatial characteristics of the COVID-19 distribution per September 2020 in Bandung, Indonesia. An inverse distance weighted (IDW), Moran's I index and local indicator spatial association (LISA), and a proposed ratio of the elderly population against the population with confirmed positive for COVID-19 (CoVE) were used as the approach to determine its distribution characteristics. The information derived from Landsat 8 satellite imagery, such as the residential area, surface temperature, and humidity based on the supervised classification, land surface temperature (LST), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI) was used to perform the analysis. The results showed that the positive population of COVID-19 was concentrated in Bandung city. However, with a Moran's I value of 0.316, not all are grouped into the same category. There are only 8, 2, 5, and 3 districts categorized as HH, HL, LL, and LH. However, the areas with a large or small number of elderlies do not always correlate with the high number of confirmed positives for COVID-19. There are only 3, 1, and 3 districts classified as HH, HL, and LL. They were represented by the values of Moran's I, for about 0.057. The positive relationship between confirmed positive for COVID-19 and the built-up area, surface temperature, humidity, and the elderly population based on the coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.03, 0.28, 0.25, and 0.019, respectively. The study also shows that the vulnerability of those areas is relatively low. The study shows that the vulnerabilities in these areas are relatively low and the recommendation for COVID-19 widespread mitigation has to consider the demographic characteristics precisely in the large scale social restrictions (LSSR)
Assessment of Watershed Carrying Capacity and Land Use Change on Flood Vulnerability Areas in Semarang City
Full text linkHuman behavior can cause watershed problems, in which the use and carrying capacity of the watershed do not correspond. The objectives of this research are to determine the land use conditions and carrying capacity of the watersheds, and to analyze this capacity based on changes in land use and flood vulnerability areas. The research was conducted in five watersheds flowing are in flood-prone areas of Semarang City, namely Babon, Banjir Kanal Timur, Garang, Silandak, and Beringin, with a research area of 48,994.62 Ha. A quantitative analysis approach was used to calculate the land-use change and watershed carrying capacity; the capacity variables included land conditions, water quality, population, water building, and watershed space utilization. The results show that 1) an average of 12.27% of land in each watershed unit has been converted into settlements, with the most extensive conversion being in the Banjir Kanal Timur watershed; 2) the carrying capacity of this watershed got 113 scores, which fell into the poor category; and 3) at the watershed level, the surge in land conversion into settlements correlates with the carrying capacity of the watershed. Conversion of land into settlements is one of the determinants of the carrying capacity of the watershed. If the land use arrangement in the watershed is made with consideration of flood-vulnerability areas, this will be able to reduce watershed damage and reduce the frequency of floods
Mediation Function of Desired Quality of Life Between Place-Making and Liveable Communities in African Cities
Full text linkThe challenges which confront urban spaces in developing countries have become so enormous, and they continue to challenge the capacity of States in these countries to respond effectively. These challenges range from poor infrastructure to weak infrastructure governance systems, which has created urban liveability differentials within these Cities across Africa. Therefore, this paper examines the mediation role of Desired Quality of life between Place-making and Liveable communities in Africa using a partial least squares path analytic method. This study employed the use of a questionnaire to investigate the desired Quality of life criteria, the place-making preferences, and the focus of liveable communities within these African Cities through an online Google form survey, posted through social media outlets to different respondents across various cities in Africa. The Snowball technique was employed to achieve sampling of 390 respondents across Africa. The responses obtained were synthesized and analyzed using a path analytic approach; the paper examines the relationship between the study's constructs. The data analysis findings show that place-making indeed influences Liveable communities, and Desired Quality of life mediates the relationship between place-making and liveable communities. The results indicate that Cities that prioritize Quality of Life and place-making have better liveable community spaces over those that do not. The study findings have implications for Liveable communities, as it could help city development planners to acknowledge the influence of Quality of life on Placemaking and liveable communities. The study contributes to the current debate on measuring urban Livability within the African City Space by creating a set of desired indicators that suit the African setting's needs regarding City infrastructure planning and provision