Jurnal Kimia Valensi
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Modified Bacterial Cellulose-Based Composite Profile for Drug Release of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
Full text linkBacterial cellulose (BC) is a biodegradable natural polymer with high mechanical strength and non-toxicity. This biopolymer is widely used as a candidate in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and filtration systems. However, BC lacks antibacterial activity which limits its use in biomedical applications. So, modification of BC-based composite is required. This study aims to examine the effects of modifying BC-based composites with fillers such as graphite (G) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the release of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) drugs. Adding fillers to BC can alter its physical and mechanical properties, reducing its porosity and swelling rate in acidic and alkaline mediums. The drug release of TCH from modified BC-based composites follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell kinetics models. Adding filler and TCH antibiotic to the composite enhances its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a significant inhibition zone. The results of the inhibition zone show that composites have the potential to be applied in biomedical fields, especially in transdermal patches
Comparative Study of Voltammetric Analysis with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry in Determining the Results of Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Samarium (III)
Full text linkRare earth elements (REEs) are garnering significant attention in diverse fields due to their important and fascinating properties. Among these REEs, samarium (Sm) has numerous advantages and benefits. Before using Sm, it must be separated from its natural sources due to the formation of complex compounds with other elements. To achieve this, liquid-liquid extraction emerges as one of the REE separation methods, presenting several advantages, including a streamlined process. Various methods can be used to analyze extraction results, such as ICP-MS and XRF. In comparison, UV-Vis spectrophotometry has significant advantages compared to other methods, it provides a simple approach to determining the level of a substance, and the results given are quite accurate, while differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is one of the electrochemical analysis methods that is expected to provide faster and accurate analysis results. This study aims to determine the value of analytical parameters, Kd of Sm(III) liquid-liquid extraction results using DPV analysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods. The DPV method yielded LoD 1.24 mg/L, accuracy 98.39%, and %recovery 106.69%. The extraction data obtained Kd Sm values ranging from 6.0019-7.3860. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry results provided an individual extraction efficiency of Sm(III) of 88.54%. This method obtained LoD 0.71 mg/L, accuracy 96.00%, and %recovery 104.00%
The Synthesis of Y-zeolite-modified CaCO3-ZnO Nanocomposites as an Antibacterial Agent
Full text linkThe ability of inorganic antibacterial agents like metal oxides and nanoscale inorganic materials to inhibit bacterial growth rates has yet to receive much research attention. In this study, CaCO3-ZnO/Y-zeolite nanocomposites were created utilizing coprecipitation and impregnation techniques with Ca(CH3COO)2, Zn(CH3COO)2 2H2O, Y-zeolite precursors. Physical and chemical characteristics of nanocomposites have been investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX characterizations. The agar-well diffusion method tested the substance for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanocomposites have a crystal size range of 35.46-36.53 nm and a crystallinity of 35-37 %, according to the results of XRD analysis. The carbonate groups are visible in FTIR data at wave numbers 1433, 875, and 712 cm-1. The Zn-O absorption band was verified at wave numbers 600-400 cm-1. The Y-zeolite absorption bands at wave numbers 1012-997 cm-1 and 745-746 cm-1 were confirmed. The particle morphology is cube-shaped with irregular sizes. The EDX result showed that the composition consists of 35.92 % calcium, 1.68 % zinc, 44.81 % oxygen, and 13.79 % carbon as elements. With the addition of 2.5 % Y-zeolite, the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites showed the best results, with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.62 mm against Escherichia coli and 6.56 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
Synthesis of Zr/La-BTC Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) for Oleic Acid Esterification
Full text linkBiodiesel plays an essential role in renewable energy as an alternative fuel to tackle the challenges of global warming, environmental degradation, and alternative fossil fuels. Oleic acid can be converted into biodiesel by the esterification process, which employs heterogeneous catalysts such as metal-organic frameworks (MOF). In this study, Zr/La-BTC MOFs were used as different kinds of catalysts to change oleic acid into biodiesel. The characterization results of Zr-BTC, La-BTC, and Zr/La-BTC using FTIR and XRD show that the MOF has been successfully formed. The crystallite sizes for La-BTC, and Zr/La-BTC MOFs are 15.7407 nm and 39.0392 nm, respectively. The surface area of Zr-BTC, La-BTC, and Zr/La-BTC MOFs are 167.101 m2/g, 12.328 m2/g, and 4.764 m2/g. The morphology of Zr-BTC MOF using SEM is irregular, La-BTC is rod-shaped crystal, and Zr/La-BTC is like a knot bond with a narrow waist. The most optimal reaction was obtained at a 5% (w/w) catalyst dosage of total oleic acid and methanol (1:60 mol), 65 °C, and a reaction time of 4 hours, producing 78.11% oleic acid conversion. GC-MS analysis identified that the biodiesel contains oleic acid, palmitic acid, methyl oleate, and methyl palmitate
Anticancer Activities of Bromelain Hydrolysate of Soy Protein Against Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7
Full text linkSoybeans contain proteins that have the potential to produce anticancer bioactive peptides. This study aims to determine the anticancer activity of soy protein hydrolysate against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Soybean protein hydrolyzed by bromelain enzyme 0.5% (w/v) at the optimum temperature and pH for protein hydrolysis using the Bergmeyer and Grassl method. The degree of hydrolysis value of protein hydrolysate was determined by the Alder-Niesen method and the protein profile was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The hydrolysate with the best degree of hydrolysis value was analyzed for anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells by the Presto Blue assay method, and fractionation of protein hydrolysates by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-15). The molecular weight of the peptide was characterized by LCMS/MS. Soy protein hydrolysis using 0.5% (w/v) bromelain enzyme was optimum at 65 ºC and pH 7.0 for 4 hours, with a hydrolysis degree value of 20.57%. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the protein hydrolysates had quite thick protein bands in the range of <35 kDa with an IC50 value of 70.37 mg/mL. Based on the LCMS/MS results, the peptide from fractionation has a molecular weight of 5.133 kDa
Inhibition of Human Acetylcholinesterase (4EY7) using Bioactive Compound from Moringa oleifera: Molecular Docking and Dynamic Studies
Full text linkAlzheimer\u27s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by acetylcholine hydrolysis that impairs cognitive brain function. This research aims to determine the interaction and dynamic of ligands from Moringa oleifera on AChE through Lipinski\u27s Rule, ADMET properties, molecular docking calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations. Lipinski\u27s Rule calculation provided ligand limits that adhere to druglikeness properties. ADMET results also showed that several ligands satisfy ADMET properties. Pterygospermine has lower binding energy than the ligand control (-10.28 kcal mol-1) with amino acid residues of TYR133 and GLU202. It indicates a favorable interaction between the AChE receptor and ligand in the inhibition process. Based on molecular docking calculations, pterygospermine inhibits the AChE receptor at the Long, narrow aromatic gorge active site. According to molecular dynamic simulations, the MMPBSA energy for pterygospermine is 37.377 kJ mol-1. The samples showed a total average RMSD of 2 Å, suggesting no significant conformational changes throughout the simulation. The sample\u27s average RMSF value is around 2 Å, suggesting favorable interactions with the receptor during simulation. However, this data is different from the ligand control interaction mode. Molecular dynamic investigations of the pterygospermine ligand in the complex revealed the stability and unfolded effect on the protein. The results of this study propose a candidate anti-Alzheimer\u27s ligand from Moringa oleifera against the AChE receptor. In practice, these results can contribute to research studies exploring natural ingredients from plants with medicinal potential in drug discovery. These results can be validated using further research in vitro and in vivo
Synthesis of Antibacterial Coating Film Based on Eugenol-Allyl Eugenol Copolymer with Chitosan-Gelatin
Full text linkThe development of coating film materials based on biopolymers and active antibacterial compounds has attracted attention in the food industries. Food packaging biopolymers can be increased antibacterial properties by adding compound modification of natural ingredients such as eugenol-allyl eugenol copolymer (PEAE). The aims of this study were to synthesize a coating film based on chitosan-gelatin with PEAE and test its antibacterial properties. PEAE synthesis was carried out by polymelirization reaction with the (BF3O(C2H5)2) as catalyst and characterized by FTIR, molecular weight, and solubility. Synthesis of chitosan-gelatin coating films with variations in PEAE concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 3.75% and characterization includes FTIR, SEM, TS, E%, and contact angle. Antibacterial activity is carried out by the turbidimetry method. PEAE was synthesized with the results in the form of brown solids with 94.91% yield, molecular weight of 9,553.98 da, and the melting point of 95-98 °C. Chitosan-Gelatin films with the addition of PEAE produce a thin yellowish film, with a sequential decreased tensile strength, and the percentage value of extension increases with the increase in PEAE concentration. The best antibacterial activity in the film PEAE 2.5, with the percentage of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of 99.71% and 98.39% respectively
Low-Cost Adsorbent Development: Sulfuric Acid-Activated Teak Sawdust for Effective Methylene Blue Removal
Full text linkThe expansion of the global textile industry has resulted in a decline in environmental quality. Environmental pollution resulting from textile dye waste may include heavy metals and dyes, which exhibit carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Many studies have been done to reduce the harm of dyes. Extensive research has been undertaken to mitigate the detrimental effects of dyes. One cost-effective approach for managing dye pollution is the adsorption of methylene blue using sulfuric acid-activated teak sawdust. Teak wood sawdust, a byproduct of the furniture industry that is abundant and underutilized, contains active sites within its constituent compounds, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This study was designed to determine the ability of teak sawdust to adsorb methylene blue. In this investigation, the biosorbent will be characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) to analyze its active sites and surface morphology. Additionally, the study aimed to elucidate the impact of variation contact time, pH solution, and alteration in methylene blue concentration on the adsorption capacity for methylene blue, employing a UV-Vis spectrophotometer for measurement. The research results demonstrated that optimal adsorption occurred at a contact time of 30 minutes and a pH of 6, with the adsorption efficiency reaching 99.67% as a function of contact time. The kinetic study was modeled using a pseudo-second-order approach, with a kinetic constant of 79.71 g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1.351 mg g⁻¹, the n value was 1, and the percentage of methylene blue adsorbed reached 99.88%
Improvement of Rheological Properties of Modified Asphalt Treated with Residues of Recycled Rubber from Waste Tires and Oxidized by Air
Full text linkAsphalt materials loaded with polymer additives have gained particular importance in recent years due to their close association with modification processes and the creation of a clean environment, mainly from plastic wastes in paving and other areas, and they have also caused significant improvement in asphalt properties. It was observed through the research that the rheological properties of the asphalt were improved significantly as added residues of recycled rubber (RRR) from waste tire percentages increased. The observations are apparent from the decrease in permeability of the asphalt and enhance its ductility and elongation. The study focused on modifying the rheological properties of asphalt materials using the residues of the recycled process of rubber (RRR) from waste tires (mainly carbon black, containing residues of rubber extracted from waste tires). The asphalt materials were oxidized in the open system under various conditions of temperature and oxidation time in the presence of a 0.25% (w/w) anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) catalyst. After determining the optimal conditions for the oxidation process, the added anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst was adjusted to determine its optimal ratio. The modified asphalt samples after oxidation at optimal conditions in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst and the recycled rubber (RRR) residues were tested using appropriate measurements. The following measurements of ductility, permeability, softening point, Marshall stability and flow, aging resistance (thin film oven test (TFOT)) and the asphalt content percentages were done, and their results show that the modified asphalt exhibits completely different rheological properties from the original asphalt. The studied N19 and N20 models show availability in paving applications
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation of Erythrina fusca Lour Chemical Compounds Targeting VEGFR-2 Receptor for Anti-Liver Cancer Activity
Full text linkLiver cancer is a serious health concern characterized by abnormal cell growth, but currently, available treatment options are limited, suggesting the need for a new therapeutic method. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of chemical compounds obtained from the cangkring plant (Erythrina fusca) as anti-liver cancer agents targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). The investigation was conducted in silico through molecular docking and dynamic method. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Tools, followed by visualization with Biovia Discovery Studio. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted using GROMACS software and visualized with Grace. A total of 36 chemical compounds from E. fusca were used as ligands for molecular docking. The results showed that Isobavachalcone (ISB) was the most effective test compound with a binding energy of -11.45 kcal/mol, compared to the positive control Sorafenib with a value of - 11.51 kcal/mol. In this context, hydrogen bonding, as well as hydrophobic, electrostatic, and unfavorable molecular interactions were identified. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation provided RMSD, RMSF, Radius of Gyration (Rg), and hydrogen bond parameters. Analysis of these parameters further confirmed the superior stability of ISB in binding to VEGFR-2, suggesting the potential to suppress angiogenesis by blocking the receptor