Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan
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Analisis Proses Pascapanen Kopi di Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S) Kopi Gunung Ikamaja Kecamatan Sumberjaya Kabupaten Lampung Barat
Full text linkThe post-harvest coffee process is vital in determining the quality and quantity of coffee production. Problems that often occur in the post-harvest coffee process are incomplete or overcooked fermentation, improper drying process, high water content, improper roasting process, and inappropriate use of resources. For this reason, it is important to carry out proper processing in the post-harvest coffee process so that the quality of the coffee can be optimal. This research aims to analyze the post-harvest process of robusta coffee and identify post-harvest coffee facilities and infrastructure at P4S Kopi Gunung Ikamaja. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data collection methods used in this research are expert interviews and active participation observation. The results of the study show that there are post-harvest coffee processes that do not comply with the provisions for post-harvest processing according to Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012. In natural processing processes, those that are appropriate are the sorting, drying, horn stripping, roasting, and fine grinding stages, while those that are not appropriate are the packaging process. Honey process processing is in accordance with Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012. The full wash process is not by Agriculture Ministerial Decree Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012 at the fermentation stage. Facilities and infrastructure based on building location are not yet appropriate; however, based on tools and machines and based on containers and packaging, they are by the provisions of Minister of Agriculture Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012.The post-harvest coffee process is vital in determining the quality and quantity of coffee production. Problems that often occur in the post-harvest coffee process are incomplete or overcooked fermentation, improper drying process, high water content, improper roasting process, and inappropriate use of resources. For this reason, it is important to carry out proper processing in the post-harvest coffee process so that the quality of the coffee can be optimal. This research aims to analyze the post-harvest process of robusta coffee and identify post-harvest coffee facilities and infrastructure at P4S Kopi Gunung Ikamaja. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data collection methods used in this research are expert interviews and active participation observation. The results of the study show that there are post-harvest coffee processes that do not comply with the provisions for post-harvest processing according to Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012. In natural processing processes, those that are appropriate are the sorting, drying, horn stripping, roasting, and fine grinding stages, while those that are not appropriate are the packaging process. Honey process processing is in accordance with Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012. The full wash process is not by Agriculture Ministerial Decree Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012 at the fermentation stage. Facilities and infrastructure based on building location are not yet appropriate; however, based on tools and machines and based on containers and packaging, they are by the provisions of Minister of Agriculture Number 52/Permentan/OT.140/9/2012
Kajian Produksi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) pada Berbagai Ketinggian Tempat di Kabupaten Temanggung
Full text linkSeveral factors, including the less-than-optimal altitude of Arabica coffee planting influence the low productivity of Arabica coffee in Temanggung Regency. The lack of rejuvenation of production plants means that old coffee plants have low productivity; apart from these two factors, farmers do not have good plant management skills. This research further examines the influence of altitude on Arabica coffee production. This research was carried out in Temanggung Regency, with the sub-districts that were the sample for this research being Ngadirejo District, with an altitude range of 900-1150 m asl, Parakan District, with an altitude range of 1150-1400 m asl, and Kledung District with an altitude range of more than 1400 m asl. The sampling method employed in this study is a purposive sampling technique; the researcher directly determines the location and source of research information. A total of 28 participants responded to this study, with an assessment sample taken of 5% of the population of Arabica coffee plantations that bear fruit. The analysis used the linear regression method of a fixed variable, namely height, and independent variables, namely production, productivity, and evaluation, with a significance level of 5%. The research results show that altitude does influence productivity. If altitude increases, productivity will also increase.Several factors, including the less-than-optimal altitude of Arabica coffee planting influence the low productivity of Arabica coffee in Temanggung Regency. The lack of rejuvenation of production plants means that old coffee plants have low productivity; apart from these two factors, farmers do not have good plant management skills. This research further examines the influence of altitude on Arabica coffee production. This research was carried out in Temanggung Regency, with the sub-districts that were the sample for this research being Ngadirejo District, with an altitude range of 900-1150 m asl, Parakan District, with an altitude range of 1150-1400 m asl, and Kledung District with an altitude range of more than 1400 m asl. The sampling method employed in this study is a purposive sampling technique; the researcher directly determines the location and source of research information. A total of 28 participants responded to this study, with an assessment sample taken of 5% of the population of Arabica coffee plantations that bear fruit. The analysis used the linear regression method of a fixed variable, namely height, and independent variables, namely production, productivity, and evaluation, with a significance level of 5%. The research results show that altitude does influence productivity. If altitude increases, productivity will also increase
Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit pada Variasi Kerapatan Tanam
Full text linkIn oil palm growth, planting density has a sustainable impact on its productivity. To enhance the long-term growth and production yield of oil palm, it is crucial to consider the establishment of appropriate planting densities during the initial planting phase. This research explores the relationship between planting density and productivity, highlighting the importance of determining optimal plant densities for optimal yields. The study was conducted at the Muara Tawang Estate (MTNE) in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Two blocks of oil palm land with three different planting densities (130, 136, and 143 plants per hectare) were observed to understand the relationship between planting density and agronomic characteristics. Measurements were taken on plant height, frond length, petiole width, number of male and female flowers, and sex ratio. The analysis unveiled consistent trends in oil palm production, which varied based on planting density. Planting densities of 130 and 136 showed superior production trends compared to 143, with 136 demonstrating production increases ranging from 19.8% to 29.8% relative to density 143, alongside enhancements in plant height and frond length by 4.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Additionally, petiole thickness and width were notably lower in density 143, experiencing reductions of 8.0% and 11.0%, respectively, compared to density 136, while the sex ratio exhibited a similar pattern, declining by 34.0% in density 143 compared to 136. This highlights the importance of determining appropriate planting densities to enhance oil palm productivity.In oil palm growth, planting density has a sustainable impact on its productivity. To enhance the long-term growth and production yield of oil palm, it is crucial to consider the establishment of appropriate planting densities during the initial planting phase. This research explores the relationship between planting density and productivity, highlighting the importance of determining optimal plant densities for optimal yields. The study was conducted at the Muara Tawang Estate (MTNE) in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Two blocks of oil palm land with three different planting densities (130, 136, and 143 plants per hectare) were observed to understand the relationship between planting density and agronomic characteristics. Measurements were taken on plant height, frond length, petiole width, number of male and female flowers, and sex ratio. The analysis unveiled consistent trends in oil palm production, which varied based on planting density. Planting densities of 130 and 136 showed superior production trends compared to 143, with 136 demonstrating production increases ranging from 19.8% to 29.8% relative to density 143, alongside enhancements in plant height and frond length by 4.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Additionally, petiole thickness and width were notably lower in density 143, experiencing reductions of 8.0% and 11.0%, respectively, compared to density 136, while the sex ratio exhibited a similar pattern, declining by 34.0% in density 143 compared to 136. This highlights the importance of determining appropriate planting densities to enhance oil palm productivity
Insidensi dan Keparahan Penyakit Bercak Daun Disebabkan oleh Curvularia sp. pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan
Full text linkIn Indonesia, there has been a notable expansion in the area and productivity of oil palm plantations. Oil palm is among the top seven plantation commodities prioritized for development. High-quality seedlings are essential for optimal plant production. However, several factors can impede oil palm productivity, including diseases that affect oil palm seedlings. One such disease is brown spot disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of brown spot disease in oil palm seedlings. The research was conducted from May 2023 to June 2023 in Banyuasin Regency using a purposive sampling survey method. Thirteen seedling locations were selected based on their adherence to good seedling criteria. Seedlings aged 6-12 months were used in this study. At each location, five plots were surveyed, with 30-32 seedlings sampled per plot. Supporting data, including fertilization, watering, and herbicide and fungicide application, were tabulated to supplement the research findings. Results indicated that brown spot disease can affect plants as young as two weeks old. Initial symptoms include brown spots that eventually widen and merge with other spots. The average incidence of the disease was 93.29 % (± 7.89), with an average severity of 47.13% (± 13.23).In Indonesia, there has been a notable expansion in the area and productivity of oil palm plantations. Oil palm is among the top seven plantation commodities prioritized for development. High-quality seedlings are essential for optimal plant production. However, several factors can impede oil palm productivity, including diseases that affect oil palm seedlings. One such disease is brown spot disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of brown spot disease in oil palm seedlings. The research was conducted from May 2023 to June 2023 in Banyuasin Regency using a purposive sampling survey method. Thirteen seedling locations were selected based on their adherence to good seedling criteria. Seedlings aged 6-12 months were used in this study. At each location, five plots were surveyed, with 30-32 seedlings sampled per plot. Supporting data, including fertilization, watering, and herbicide and fungicide application, were tabulated to supplement the research findings. Results indicated that brown spot disease can affect plants as young as two weeks old. Initial symptoms include brown spots that eventually widen and merge with other spots. The average incidence of the disease was 93.29 % (± 7.89), with an average severity of 47.13% (± 13.23)
Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOH dan Suhu Delignifikasi pada Kandungan Lignoselulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
Full text linkPalm oil processing in the industry produces products and waste; the waste generated from the palm oil processing process will have a negative impact on the environment if it is not processed. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are lignocellulosic solid wastes that contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content, so they have the potential to be raw materials for making bioethanol. In the process of producing bioethanol, delignification is an early stage that aims to reduce the lignin content in lignocellulosic materials with alkaline or alkaline pretreatment solutions such as the use of NaOH can be used to help separate lignin from cellulose fibers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and delignification temperature on the lignocellulosic content of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The research method was arranged descriptively with two treatments: the concentration of NaOH consisting of 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the heating temperature consisting of 100 oC, 110 oC, and 120 oC. Lignocellulosic content can be calculated using the Chesson method analysis with the Microsoft Excel 2016 application as a data processor. The results showed that 1 M NaOH concentration with heating temperature had an effect on the observations of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The best treatment of 1 M NaOH concentration and heating temperature on hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was produced by the treatment of 5% NaOH concentration with a heating temperature of 120 0C.Palm oil processing in the industry produces products and waste; the waste generated from the palm oil processing process will have a negative impact on the environment if it is not processed. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are lignocellulosic solid wastes that contain cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content, so they have the potential to be raw materials for making bioethanol. In the process of producing bioethanol, delignification is an early stage that aims to reduce the lignin content in lignocellulosic materials with alkaline or alkaline pretreatment solutions such as the use of NaOH can be used to help separate lignin from cellulose fibers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and delignification temperature on the lignocellulosic content of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The research method was arranged descriptively with two treatments: the concentration of NaOH consisting of 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the heating temperature consisting of 100 oC, 110 oC, and 120 oC. Lignocellulosic content can be calculated using the Chesson method analysis with the Microsoft Excel 2016 application as a data processor. The results showed that 1 M NaOH concentration with heating temperature had an effect on the observations of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The best treatment of 1 M NaOH concentration and heating temperature on hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was produced by the treatment of 5% NaOH concentration with a heating temperature of 120 0C
Kajian Keberhasilan Implementasi Kebijakan Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) di DPMPTSP Kabupaten Ketapang pada Perusahaan Perkebunan
Full text linkOnline Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) is a risk-based business licensing service system that is carried out online. It is important to know about the application of the OSS-RBA Policy because it relates to the country's national achievements in simplifying the business licensing process and attracting foreign investors. The plantation business sector, especially oil palm, is important to pay attention to. The high contribution of the country's foreign exchange originating from this industry is one of the reasons the government has made the business licensing process smooth. For this reason, this research aims to measure the level of success in implementing the OSS-RBA Policy in the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service (DPMPTSP) Ketapang Regency, especially in plantation companies. This research uses a mixed method with purposive sampling. In this study, respondents were divided into two groups, specifically 4 respondents from the policy implementer and 35 respondents from the oil palm plantation company. The George Edward III Policy Implementation Model used theory, which determined four indicators that influence implementation: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research on communication indicators showed that there had been a clear and consistent transmission of information from policymakers to policy implementers and business actors. Meanwhile, equipment and authority resources have been fulfilled in the resource indicators. For disposition, licensing services have been provided optimally. Finally, regarding bureaucratic structure indicators, DPMPTSP Ketapang Regency has done SOPs for services and licensing activities.Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) is a risk-based business licensing service system that is carried out online. It is important to know about the application of the OSS-RBA Policy because it relates to the country's national achievements in simplifying the business licensing process and attracting foreign investors. The plantation business sector, especially oil palm, is important to pay attention to. The high contribution of the country's foreign exchange originating from this industry is one of the reasons the government has made the business licensing process smooth. For this reason, this research aims to measure the level of success in implementing the OSS-RBA Policy in the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service (DPMPTSP) Ketapang Regency, especially in plantation companies. This research uses a mixed method with purposive sampling. In this study, respondents were divided into two groups, specifically 4 respondents from the policy implementer and 35 respondents from the oil palm plantation company. The George Edward III Policy Implementation Model used theory, which determined four indicators that influence implementation: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research on communication indicators showed that there had been a clear and consistent transmission of information from policymakers to policy implementers and business actors. Meanwhile, equipment and authority resources have been fulfilled in the resource indicators. For disposition, licensing services have been provided optimally. Finally, regarding bureaucratic structure indicators, DPMPTSP Ketapang Regency has done SOPs for services and licensing activities
Kombinasi Dosis Pemupukan dan Frekuensi Sadap terhadap Produktivitas Individu Tanaman Karet
Full text linkFluctuating rubber prices cause rubber planters to suffer losses, especially when prices are low as of right now. Planters apply high-intensity tapping to obtain maximum production but this is not balanced with optimal fertilization and actually has a negative impact on the sustainability of rubber plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of fertilizing doses and tapping frequency on the productivity of rubber plants and to obtain optimal fertilizer doses and tapping frequency when rubber prices are low. The research method used a randomized block design (RBD), with six combination treatments of tapping frequency and fertilization. The results showed that the highest volume of latex was produced in the S/2 d3 ET treatment of 2.5% 100% fertilization, while the variable dry rubber content (DRC), tapping frequency treatment d3 (B, D, F) produced higher DRC and was significantly different compared to tapping frequency treatment d2 (A, C, E). The highest KKK was obtained in treatment F, namely 38.6%. Observation of individual plant production (g per tree per tapping), 50% - 100% fertilization treatment can increase the production of both tapping frequency d2 and d3. The highest production was obtained in treatment F (S/2 d3 ET2.5% 100% fertilization). So, tapping with d3 tapping frequency combined with 100% fertilization dose produces the highest individual plant productivity. Tapping with d3 frequency combined with 50% fertilization can be an alternative when the rubber price is low.Fluctuating rubber prices cause rubber planters to suffer losses, especially when prices are low as of right now. Planters apply high-intensity tapping to obtain maximum production but this is not balanced with optimal fertilization and actually has a negative impact on the sustainability of rubber plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of fertilizing doses and tapping frequency on the productivity of rubber plants and to obtain optimal fertilizer doses and tapping frequency when rubber prices are low. The research method used a randomized block design (RBD), with six combination treatments of tapping frequency and fertilization. The results showed that the highest volume of latex was produced in the S/2 d3 ET treatment of 2.5% 100% fertilization, while the variable dry rubber content (DRC), tapping frequency treatment d3 (B, D, F) produced higher DRC and was significantly different compared to tapping frequency treatment d2 (A, C, E). The highest KKK was obtained in treatment F, namely 38.6%. Observation of individual plant production (g per tree per tapping), 50% - 100% fertilization treatment can increase the production of both tapping frequency d2 and d3. The highest production was obtained in treatment F (S/2 d3 ET2.5% 100% fertilization). So, tapping with d3 tapping frequency combined with 100% fertilization dose produces the highest individual plant productivity. Tapping with d3 frequency combined with 50% fertilization can be an alternative when the rubber price is low
Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit yang Ditambahkan Berbagai Jenis Kotoran Hewan Ternak dan Penentuan Kualitas Kimia Bokashi Berbasis Standar Nasional Indonesia
Full text linkOil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a large amount of palm oil industry waste and has the potential to be used as bokashi fertilizer with the addition of livestock manure to enrich its nutrient content. This study aims to determine the chemical quality of OPEFB bokashi by adding each chicken, cow, and goat manure based on the quality standards of organic fertilizer INS-19-7030-2004. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, and the Soil Laboratory of the Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This study used a quantitative method (nutrient analysis in the laboratory). The following treatments were used: K0 = OPEFB without adding livestock manure, K1 = OPEFB with adding chicken manure, K2 = OPEFB with adding cow manure, and K3 = OPEFB with the addition of goat manure. The results showed that treatment K1 (bokashi OPEFB with chicken manure) had better chemical quality than treatments K0, K2, and K3, namely parameters organic C (13,72%), total N (0.92%), C/N ratio (14.91%), total P (1.00%), total K (0.60%), total Ca (6.56%), and total Fe (0.02%). However, the total Mg parameter in the K1 treatment was 1.36% above the maximum SNI limit, and the pH parameters in all treatments (K0 4.91, K1 5.89, K2 4.59, and K3 5.05) were not in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004.Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a large amount of palm oil industry waste and has the potential to be used as bokashi fertilizer with the addition of livestock manure to enrich its nutrient content. This study aims to determine the chemical quality of OPEFB bokashi by adding each chicken, cow, and goat manure based on the quality standards of organic fertilizer INS-19-7030-2004. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, and the Soil Laboratory of the Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This study used a quantitative method (nutrient analysis in the laboratory). The following treatments were used: K0 = OPEFB without adding livestock manure, K1 = OPEFB with adding chicken manure, K2 = OPEFB with adding cow manure, and K3 = OPEFB with the addition of goat manure. The results showed that treatment K1 (bokashi OPEFB with chicken manure) had better chemical quality than treatments K0, K2, and K3, namely parameters organic C (13,72%), total N (0.92%), C/N ratio (14.91%), total P (1.00%), total K (0.60%), total Ca (6.56%), and total Fe (0.02%). However, the total Mg parameter in the K1 treatment was 1.36% above the maximum SNI limit, and the pH parameters in all treatments (K0 4.91, K1 5.89, K2 4.59, and K3 5.05) were not in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004
Pengaruh Perendaman Benih dengan Air dan Air Cucian Beras pada Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi (Coffea sp.)
Full text linkCoffee seeds are an important planting material in coffee cultivation. Coffee germination is a complex process. One of the efforts to germinate coffee seeds is by soaking the seeds in water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the length of time soaking seeds in water on the germination of coffee seeds, knowing the effect of the length of time soaking in rice washing water on the germination of coffee seeds, and knowing the interaction between soaking with water and soaking with rice washing water on coffee seed germination. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors, and was repeated three times. The results showed that water immersion had no effect on coffee seed germination, rice water immersion for 6 hours had an effect on plant height at planting age of 4 WAP and 11 WAP, and there was an interaction between water immersion time and rice water immersion time at 12 WAP planting age. The best combination is 12 hours of water immersion + 12 hours of rice washing water on wet weight of shoot and dry weight of shoot.Coffee seeds are an important planting material in coffee cultivation. Coffee germination is a complex process. One of the efforts to germinate coffee seeds is by soaking the seeds in water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the length of time soaking seeds in water on the germination of coffee seeds, knowing the effect of the length of time soaking in rice washing water on the germination of coffee seeds, and knowing the interaction between soaking with water and soaking with rice washing water on coffee seed germination. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors, and was repeated three times. The results showed that water immersion had no effect on coffee seed germination, rice water immersion for 6 hours had an effect on plant height at planting age of 4 WAP and 11 WAP, and there was an interaction between water immersion time and rice water immersion time at 12 WAP planting age. The best combination is 12 hours of water immersion + 12 hours of rice washing water on wet weight of shoot and dry weight of shoot
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh pada Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Full text linkCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a beverage crop with high economic value. Provision of natural PGR, namely red unions, which will be extracted. This study aimed to determine the effect of red onionxtract (Allium cepa L.) as a growth regulator on cocoa seeds. The research was conducted at a screen house at the Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Manokwari (Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Manokwari). The study method used was a completely randomized design (CRD), using five treatments and 20 replications, so the number of samples was 100 seeds. The treatments tested on cocoa plant seeds P0 (control), P1 (25% concentration of red onion extract), P2 (50% concentration of red onion extract), P3 (75% concentration of red onion extract), and P4 (100% concentration of red onion extract). The measurement variables included germination percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and seedling growth percentage. Differences in the concentration of growth regulators of red onion extract had a significantly different effect on seedling percentage and seed growth percentage and had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of cocoa seedlings. Soaked cocoa seeds in red union extract with a concentration of 25% give optimum results.Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a beverage crop with high economic value. Provision of natural PGR, namely red unions, which will be extracted. This study aimed to determine the effect of red onionxtract (Allium cepa L.) as a growth regulator on cocoa seeds. The research was conducted at a screen house at the Polytechnic of Agricultural Development Manokwari (Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Manokwari). The study method used was a completely randomized design (CRD), using five treatments and 20 replications, so the number of samples was 100 seeds. The treatments tested on cocoa plant seeds P0 (control), P1 (25% concentration of red onion extract), P2 (50% concentration of red onion extract), P3 (75% concentration of red onion extract), and P4 (100% concentration of red onion extract). The measurement variables included germination percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and seedling growth percentage. Differences in the concentration of growth regulators of red onion extract had a significantly different effect on seedling percentage and seed growth percentage and had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of cocoa seedlings. Soaked cocoa seeds in red union extract with a concentration of 25% give optimum results