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Impact of Climate Change on Macro-Economy of Central Sulawesi Province Indonesia: Case of Cocoa Beans Commodity
Get PDFCentral Sulawesi is the first rank of cocoa beans supplier in Indonesia. Unfortunately, climate change resulted on emerging of cacao pests and diseases that causes continuously decreasing productivity of cacao farm. Consequently, farmers have been converted their cocoa farm to others farm. This has been impacted on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. Generally, the aim of this study is to analyze impact of climate change on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi for case cocoa beans commodity. Particularly, the aim of this study is (i) to analyze impact of climate change on productivity of cacao farm; (ii) to estimate effect of the productivity on GDRP of cocoa beans; (iii) to estimate effect of the GDRP of cocoa beans on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi; and (iv) to estimate trends of macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. Analyze method was econometric simultaneous equation of double logarithm model. Data used was secondary data, 2000 – 2014, namely GDRP of Central Sulawesi, areal size of cacao, production volume of cocoa beans, prices of cocoa beans at farm level. The result of analyze showed that climate change has been impacted on productivity of cacao farm. It was indicated by coefficient of year as a proxy insignificant affect to variety of productivity of cacao farm, so it could be interpreted that the productivity to be constant. Consequently, the productivity couldn’t push up GDRP of cocoa beans. However, GDRP of cocoa beans could still push up the macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. The macro-economy of Central Sulawesi was increasing. Thus, although climate change impacted on the productivity, but GDRP of cocoa beans could still push up the macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. It means that management of pest and disease of cacao farm in a prototype to be important performed
Propagation of Lembah Palu Shallot Somatic Embryosas Effortsto Provide Good Quality Seed
Get PDFShallot (Allium wakegi Arakic.v. Lembah Palu) is a horticulture commodity prospective as a very good business opportunity, since becomes the major ingredient of fried shallot, the most unique souvenir of Palu. The productivity however, is generally low due to lack in availability of good seed and seed production technology. The purpose of this study is to develop seed production technology through multiplication of somatic embryos. This assessment is the second part of research stages regarding the development of shallotsomatic embryo technology in Central Sulawesi. The first stage of the research is setrilization and callus induction of Lembah Palu shallot. This second stage is maturation dan germination of somatic embryos.The experiment was arranged as factorial completely randomized design, comprising of two factors. The first factor was 2,4-D concentration; consisting of three levels i.e 0.00, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/L. The second factor is kinetin concentration with the same levels as in 2,4-D. Each treatment combination was replicated three times, thus there were 27 experimental units. The result showed that addition of kinetin in MS basal media strongly affected the percentage of mature embryos and the percentage of mature embyos producing shoots, with the highest rate was obtained from the media fortified with 0,50 mg/L kinetin (26,913% and 43,318% respectively). Addition of 2,4-D to the MS basal media tended to inhibit the rate of regenerating shoot from the embryos. There is no interaction between 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations in affecting maturation and germination of the somatic embryos
Maximization Income of Fishermen Pancing Ulur in The Vilage Tete B Tojo Una-Una
Get PDFBeliefs about profitability of different locations and the decision of how long to fish in a particular location are likely to affect the variability of fishermen’s incomes. This paper examine the Maximization of income of the fishermen fishing In the village of Tete B Tojo Una-Una. Data analysis using LINDO analysis. The population in this research are 54 house hold from fisherman pancingulur. Respondent performed by using simple random sampling method, therefore the number of samples in the study are 37 families. The analysis showed that the maximum income of fishermen fishing in the village Tete B is Rp 40.036.480,00 with the total production of 15.667 kg produced for one month period of catching. Resources used to obtain the maximum income is 4.856,67 liters of gasoline, lubricants or oils 47 liters, ice is 3.446.67packs, consumption is Rp 6.000.333,33 and cigarette is 1.096,67 wrap
Optimization of Pady Farming SRI Method (System of Rice Intensification) in Ngombol Purworejo
Get PDFThis study is aimed to determine: 1) The income level of rice farming using SRI method in Ngombol, Purworejo, 2) The allocation of optimal resources of rice farming SRI method in Ngombol, Purworejo, and 3) the effect of changing in input and output prices to optimal resource allocation. The method used is descriptive analysis method with 20 farmers as samples/respondents and implementing interview method using questionnaires. The study was conducted in the village names Ringgit, Ngombol, Purworejo. Study sites was selected by purposive sampling considering that Ngombol is the district with the highest rice production in Purworejo and Ringgit has been long time using SRI method, since 2003. This study were applying: 1) Analysis of the actual farm income, 2) QRP (Risk Quadratic Programming) Model Analysis, and 3) Sensitivity Analysis. The analysis showed that the average production of paddy SRI system A is greater than system B, but for the average cost of system B is higher but for the income system B is smaller than A. This illustrates that SRI paddy farming systems A more advantageous compared to systems B; Optimization analysis results indicate that from the average of the actual land area of 1.81 ha of activity that appears on the optimal cropping pattern farming area system A 1.27 ha and system B at 0.54 ha. Meanwhile, the system A selected as optimal farming pattern with the highest optimal cropping patterns, The results of the optimization analysis also showed that the land and labor resources are still abundant or excessive, where as capital resources are limited. The results of the sensitivity analysis shows that increase and decrease in input prices and output prices both partially and simultaneously for 5-15% do not affect the optimal allocation of resources, but only affects the risk of SRI paddy farming. The increase of input prices is the higher risk faced by rice farmers SRI and other wise higher selling price of output become smaller risk faced by farmers
Prototype of Smallholder Cocoa Farm Based on Organic Agriculture : Lesson from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
No full textYantu et al. developed the prototype of smallholder cocoa farm. The aim of this study is (i) to test effect of application of biological agent to productivity of cocoa farm; and (ii) to test workability of the prototype based on the application. Design of the research was completely random design. There were 4 treatments for every object (cocoa black pod (CBP), vascular streak dieback (VSD), and pod borer (PB), 6 repetition, and 4 observation times. The result of analyzes showed that the treatments significantly effect to the decreasing of attack level of CBP, VSD and PB at level of alpha 0.05. The result of Tukey’s method showed that two treatments significantly difference from control, namely P2 (spraying with Trichoderma sp. for CBP and VSD, and with B. bassiana for PB), and P3 (spraying with Trichoderma sp. and giving compost plus Trichoderma sp. for CBP and VSD, and with B. bassiana giving compost plus Trichoderma sp. for PB). Iterating the primary data of the treatments both to the prototype can be predicted event of decreasing of pod damage, namely 75 – 93 percents. That signed that the prototype put to a test its workability. The hypothesis value for decreasing was just 35.69 percent. In consequence of the decreasing is the increasing of the productivity minimal 3.36 in magnitude
Bioassay Development Using Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textThe term bioassay is used to describe the use of living material to test the effect of known and putative biologically active substances. In places where advanced analytical equipment is not available, rapid screening using simple, affordable methods is needed. Seeds of Seeds of peas were germinated (Arditti and Dunn, 1969) and grown in the dark at 20°C for 2 days. Five pre-germinated seeds immersed in 30 mL solution containing test solutions of auxins (IBA), cytokinins (kinetin) and a gibberellin (GA3) all seeds were distributed at randomly to Petri dishes containing the test solution. Auxin activity peak was equivalent to 0.005 µM, while cytokinin activity peaked at 0.5 µM, and gibberellin at 0.5 to 5 µM based on root measurement
Potentially Competitiveness of Cassava Commodity in Internasional Trade:A Case of Central Sulawesi Economy
No full textCassava commodity has strong linkages with other industries. This is indicated by coefficient of its multiplier effect being greater than one. That means that investment of IDR 1 billion for the commodity will affect total economic activity of Central Sulawesi as big as the coefficient. The aim of this study is to estimate potentially competitiveness of cassava commodity of Central Sulawesi in international trade. In particular, the aim of this study is to estimate (i) potentially competitive advantage of cassava commodity; (ii) potentially comparative advantage of cassava commodity; (iii) level of governmental protection to price of tradable input for cassava; (iv) level of governmental protection to cassava outputs; and (v) level of simultaneously protection to cassava output sand tradable inputs for cassava. PAM method was used by using time series data of during 2000 – 2013 from BPS and FAO. The results of analysis shows that cassava commodity from Central Sulawesi has potentially competitiveness in international trade. This is showed by (i) potentially competitive advantage was indicated by PCR is less than one; thus cassava farm can be developed on a large scale; (ii) potentially comparative advantage was indicated by DRC is less than one; This means that in developing for cassava farm can be done by saving the resources; (iii) NPCR is equal to zero to show that government policies to tradable inputs is very protective, but actually that was caused by farmers didn’t apply fertilizers and pesticides; thus developing for cassava farm can be done by organic farm, so cassava farm can be became as entry point in green economy of Central Sulawesi; (iv) NPCO is less than one meaning that government policies for output prices is in-protective, so cassava farmers didn’t enjoy actual prices of cassava output; and (v) EPC is less than one meaning that beside government policies for prices of cassava output is in-protective, government policies for tradable inputs is also in-protective; thus although the farmers didn’t enjoy the surplus prices, however they can pay tradable inputs being lower than actual prices of the tradable inputs
Factors Affecting Choices of Land Tenure in Sigi District
No full textLand tenure can be used as an illustration of equity control of the main production factors in the agricultural sector. Changes in agricultural land tenure structure will affect agricultural production (farming) both in terms of efficiency and farm income, while the pattern of land ownership represents the state ownership of the main production factors in agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the choice of tenure to the use of inputs, attitudes, motivation, work ethic, production and income. The research location is determined by using purposive sampling method, i.e. selecting the study area based on the characteristics or specific reasons are deemed to have a close relationship with the problems examined. The selected area in this study was Sigi District where became one of the centers of rice production, furthermore Subdistrict Gumbasa have been selected because as one of the centers of rice production also has the status of land tenure are more varied in Sigi District. The District Gumbasa selectived 2 Villages where has the highest number of rice farmers such as the Pakuli and Kalawara Village. Respondents in this study amounted to 99 respondents. Factors that affect the status of tenure choice can significantly increase the probability of tenure including the production, input prices, output prices, household income and work ethic, while the factors that were not affect the land tenure were motivation, use of labor and attitudes of farmers
Several Dosages of Cow Manure and Spacing Towards Growth and Green Bean (Vigna raidata L.) Production in Bone Bolango Regency
No full textThis research aimed to find out the result of green bean production towards the use of cow manure, to find out one spacing that can improve the production of green bean as well as to find out interaction between the use of cow manure and spacing towards the production of green bean. This research was done at Suka Damai Village of Bolango Utara District in Bone Bolango Regency. This activity was done during the months of January to March 2012. This research used experimental method by using 2 factors in the form of Random Group Pattern. The first treatment was given by using the following manure dosage: P0 : Zero manure, P1 : Cow manure dosage of 5 ton/ha, P2 : Cow manure dosage of 10 ton/ha. Then the second treatment was the spacing in the following: J1 : 40 cm x 15 cm, J2 : 40 cm x 20 cm, J3 : 40 cm x 25 cm. Data were analyzed by using Analysis Of Variance and to find out the influence of dominant treatment by performing Honesty Significant Different Test. The result of the research shows that the treatment of P1J3 or cow dosage manure of 5 ton/ha with the spacing of 45 cm x 25 cm can give good result. 
Indicator Determination of Selection For Improving Soybean Yield
No full textThe need for soybean increasing every year causes soybean imports to be done continually, so an effort to increase the production must be done to reduce dependency on imported soybean. This study aims to determine the characters that can be used as an indicator of selection to increase soybean yields. The study was conducted in the village of Sa\u27atu, Coastal Poso Subdistrict, Poso Regency, Central Celebes Province, from January to April 2011. Using a randomized block design (RBD) with 30 genotypes (varieties) as the treatments that were repeated 3 times, so it obtained 90 units of experimental plots. The observed variables were plant height at harvesting time, flowering age, harvesting age, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of productive branches per plant, total weight of pods per plot, weight of 100 seeds and yield of seeds. The results showed that plant height at harvesting time, harvesting age and number of seeds per pod have genetic variability coefficients that were moderate while the other traits were high. The number of pods per clump and the number of seeds per pod have moderate heritability values while the other traits were high enough. Harvesting age has a significant negative genetic correlation with the yield while the number of productive branches, total weight of pods per plot and weight of 100 seeds have significant positive genetic correlations with soybean yields. Weight of pods per plot is a trait that has high direct effect on and significant positive correlation with the yields so it can be used as an indicator of trait selection to improve soybean yields