International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences
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Occupational Health and Safety in Turkey: Problems And Solutions
Get PDFSince the 1980's, the rate of foreign investments by multi-national companies have been increasing very fast, the structure and percentage of sectors have been changing dramatically causing more occupational health and safety problems than ever before in Turkey. Industrialized nations transfer their old and more risky factory equipments, materials and more risky jobs such as mining to new industrializing countries; thus, industrializing countries such as Turkey have been facing serious occupational health and safety problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational health and safety problems in Turkey by using current statistics and give suggestions to minimize the severe effects of occupational accidents
The Effect of Burnout on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of burnout on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a mediating model in which the job satisfaction was contextual state. Data were obtained from 257 nurses from three university hospitals. While the data involving burnout and job satisfaction were gathered from the nurses, OCB data were obtained from supervisors. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the only contributor burnout dimension on OCB-O (ODB toward organization) was the reduced personal accomplishment while emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had no effect. Also the findings of mediation analysis showed that job satisfaction is a mediator in the relation between reduced personal accomplishment and OCB-O and it is not a mediating factor in relation between all three burnout dimensions and OCB-I (OCB toward individuals)
Occupational risk in flexible forms of employment in Greece
Get PDF"Flexible" employment, such as part-time, temporary, short-term or self- employment increased during last decades in the context of deregulation of labour market in Greece and in other member states of the European Union. However, despite these trends, limited statistical data and research do not allow for safe conclusions on occupational risk in these forms of employment. Estimating occupational risk in flexible employment is a product of two uncertainties: a) poor accident data (under-reporting) and b) poor labour data (informal employment). Still, it is a scientific challenge to identify these forms of employment and occupational accidents and occupational diseases in sectors where these flexible forms are increasing; these sectors also happen to be among the most dangerous for occupational health and safety (OHS). In this paper it is attempted to analyses the phenomenon of flexible employment, (focusing on the case of Greece) so as to indicate its implications for OHS, especially in the context of the deregulated labour environment. The most important features of flexible employment in Greece are presented, along with estimates for its magnitude. On the other hand, the implications of these forms of employment on occupational risk are explored, aiming to build a holistic picture of this phenomenon
Changing of Labour Force Structure within the Concern of Safety and Health at work: Case of Turkey as an Emerging Economy
Get PDFDuring the last 30 years, we have witnessed an information and communication technology revolution, not only in highly developed industrial societies but even in developing societies. It means that these developments are reshaping business stiles, skill structures and the organization of enterprises. Through this, they are bringing fundamental changes to the labor market, and to society as a whole. The new pace of change, and modes of production it engenders, requires broader-based skills and new production processes to respond to constantly changing market demands.In these processes of changing work structure, in the future not only highly educated worker will find a job, but jobs are going to be served by well trained workers. May be traditional or manual jobs will remain, but their relative importance will decline in very recent years. Especially the huge number of workers employed in agricultural sector in developing countries is going to be lost their jobs and move to urban sector.In our days, the vision of social and economic systems under the process of globalization is increasingly taken in concern, the solution to the problems of cities. Specially, not only identity of cities and identity of citizenship with in the corcern of information society’s democratic and social values, but also the huge immigrant flow has been shaping the cities of Turkey. In this case process of development which has been deeply discussed within the approach of the European Declaration of Urban Rights How urbanization process affect new comers in city livings and emloyment: with in the concern of knowledge on the urban structure, culture, using of urban area and the politics of transnation of city livings. According to The European Declaration Of Urban Rights in Chapter Economic development in cities ‘The opportunity for employment is the right of every person of working age in the community, in order that they can participate through their own endeavours in the fruits of what the urban area has to offer’. However newcomers in cities of Turkey have had other serious problems at working places within the concern of occupational health and safety for the reason of lack of ability in urban sectors. Huge number of newcomers of Turkish cities came from rural area with the skills of agricultural sectors without non agricultural sectors working experience. Most of them need to have an effective training program can reduce the number of injuries and deaths, property damage, legal liability, illnesses, workers' compensation claims, and missed time from work. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was set up in 1996. Its mission is "to make Europe's workplaces safer, healthier and more productive”. In this sense one can easily mention that to ensure good OSH performance as it is recognized can succeed with the training of new recruited workers.In this study, in the shaping of urbanized identities, it has been discussed within the concern of social, economic and cultural changing. How new comers were effected within the concern of social and economic system of cities-Turkey. Special attention is going to be given to enrollment of employment and occupational health and safety in working life. 
Occupational Health and Safety Issues in Turkey and European Union: A Comparative Study in The Context of Turkey’s Path Towards EU Membership
Get PDF The matter of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) appears as an important problem all over the world. A wide range of people die or become disabled because of occupational accidents and professional diseases every year. According to International Labour Organisation's (ILO) records, approximately 270 million occupational accidents occur, 160 million people suffer from illness originated from working and 2 million and 200 thousand people pass away due to the occupational accidents and professional diseases each year.Coming out occupational accidents and diseases as a major problem in our country like in the world, So the regulations and investments about ISG has been given intensity. Council of the Ministers of EU has admitted detailed directives that lay out the OHS up till now. There is a comprehensive EU legislation in the field of OHS. Turkey began the EU membership negotiations on 3th October 2005 and arranged laws in field of OHS to adapt principles of EU; carried out applications intended to enhancing the awareness of OHS.In Turkey, applications about OHS dates back pre-construction of EU. The first applications about OHS began after Reforms( the political reforms made in the Ottoman State in 1839). The first legal arrangement in this field was " Regulations of Dilaver Pasha.” It was prepared about workers who worked as a miner in Zonguldak coalmine. The arrangements proceeded after the announcement of Republic as well. But the most comprehensive and detailed arrangements have been done in the process of EU membership negotiations.The EU membership process started in 1963 with Turkey signed the Ankara Treaty .The EU membership is expected to reach conclusion in the process of negotiations by ensuring compliance. As a part of this process, Turkey has been creating convenient structures in the field of OHS depend on EU standards
Effects of Climate Changes on Tourism
Get PDFThis study investigates effects of the climate changes on tourism industry which causes environmental problems during the last several decades. The research aims to specify the precautions to reduce or prevent the problem of these effects while also exhibiting the effects of the climate change on the tourism industry.As a result of global warming, the climate change may have several outcomes such as reductions in glaciers and snow cover, the rise in the sea level, storm and hurricanes which causes consequently natural disasters ending up essential changes in the life of the all inhabitants of the earth. It is irresistible that the mass tourism and other specific tourism types such as winter, sailing, golf tourisms which are determined by the climate conditions may not be affected by these climate changes.All countries must take economic, sociologic and ecologic precautions against the outcomes of the climate changes. Moreover, educational programs must be considered so as to inform the public about these issues. The less CO2 releasing and energy consuming equipments must be produced to be used in the Tourism Industry and immediate and remedial precautions must be taken into consideration especially for the transportation sector and the energy needs of the tourism facilities. Besides, the tourism industry should pay more attention to the waste recycling issue and the local authorities must fulfill their responsibilities. The adequate educations and precautions must be provided to the administrations and personnel in the Tourism Industry. The government inspections in the Tourist facilities should be performed properly and the incentives must be promoted to the successful tourism businesses
The Analysis and Impact of Remanufacturing Industry Practices
Get PDFRemanufacturing is a process of bringing used products to "like-new" functional state with warranty to match. Remanufacturing industry is rapidly emerging as an important form of waste prevention and environmentally conscious manufacturing. Products are remanufactured through a series of industrial processes including disassembly, cleaning, inspection, reconditioning, reassembly and testing. The objective of this paper is to review the literature available and examine the terminology surrounding remanufacture, and establish definitions for the various processes such as recycling, refurbishing and reconditioning that are used synonymously. Secondly, via a review of industrial practice, the key business drivers faced by the remanufacturing industry are presented
The Strike of the Izmir Port Workers: The Domino Effect of a Labour Movement in the Second Constitutional Era
Get PDFFrom the beginning of the 1900s, the port of Izmir was the biggest port of exportation of not only the Ottoman State but also the East Mediterranean. Every year, hundreds of ships that would come alongside of ports from all over the world were unloading at this port with a modern dock. This fact inevitably led to the existence of extremely active labor market at the port of Izmir. In this article, the strike of the Izmir port workers in the spring of 1913 against the shipping agencies who were their employers will be examined through the news in old Turkish and sources in both Turkish and Greek. The history of the Izmir port workers’ struggle, whether they had a class consciousness or not and how they got organized constitute the theoretical dimension of the subject of this study
Determinant of Stock Market Return Correlation: An Extented Gravity Model Approach
Get PDFDuring the last several years a large number of studies have expressed increasing concerns regarding to importance of stock market correlation across the countries due to diversification problem. Most of the emprical studies try to measure correlation between stock market returns across countries without questioning that what drives correlation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinant of correlation between Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) return and stock market returns for selected countries over the 1991:1–2006:12 period by employing the extented gravity model with a panel regression econometric technique. This study departure from previous studies in two ways. First, study focuses on determinant of correlation between ISE return and selected 39 developed and developing countries from different regions. Second, two new variables (level of democracy and European Union (EU) membership) used to explain correlation between ISE return and return of selected countries stock market. Result from panel data regression showed that ISE is more correlated with democratic countries stock market. Also, if there is volatility in world stock markets return, correlation between ISE and selected stock market returns will increase
Original Sins of Insurance systems: The case of the Greek Occupational Risk Insurance Scheme, IKA-ETAM
Get PDFThis paper aims to estimate the cost of pensions, compensations and foregone contributions due to occupational accidents for the main Greek social security institution IKA-ETAM. Through this process, conclusions transferable to other occupational risk insurance systems are drawn. Both prevalence and incidence approach are applied on analytical data for active and new occupational accident pensions and compensations of IKA-ETAM for 2007. Cost is estimated as the difference of all costs and benefits with and without the accident. Prevalence approach leads to an estimate of €148,539,548.40 against an estimate of €77,707,206.98 with incidence approach. In both approaches, cost of temporary disability is estimated at €18,464,021.61 and foregone contributions (opportunity cost) account for 27% of total cost. Although wages raised, contribution and compensation rates remained stable and accidents decreased for IKA-ETAM contribution payers during last decades, the viability of the system is threatened. The reasons identified are a) the increase of the average time off-work per accident and b) the backload, due to the large number of accidents and pensions in the past