Vivid Journal of Language and Literature
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Experiences Around the Clauses: A Transitivity Analysis of Four Famous People’s Suicide Notes
No full textFour suicide notes written by three famous people, Jiah Khan, Kevin Carter, and Virginia Woolf, were analyzed in this study. Systemic Functional Linguistics theory especially about transitivity proposed by Halliday is used to see the ideational meaning of all four suicide notes by identifying the elements of the clauses. This study was conducted with a qualitative method assisted by a descriptive statistical method to see the spread and functions of the elements of transitivity in the suicide notes. To analyze the text based on the theory of transitivity, the text is divided into clauses based on the type of process, then each element of the existing process, participant, and circumstantial element is calculated. The results show that out of 170 total processes found, the material process (42.94%) is the most dominant process, followed by the mental process (28.82%), the relational process (19.41%), the verbal process (5.29%), the behavioral process (2.94%), and the existential process (0.59%). Just like the process type, from the two types of participants (who are directly involved and obliquely involved) that exist, actor (22.88%) and scope (15.36%) which are the participants of the material process are the most dominant participants. While the existent (0.31%) which is the participant of the existential process, has the lowest occurrence frequency. For the circumstantial element, location which consists of place and time is the most dominant circumstantial element. The location accounts for 44% of the circumstantial elements in all four suicide notes. Furthermore, Jiah Khan’s suicide note with the material process as the most dominant process describes the unpleasant behavior she experienced, which then leads to betrayal, sacrifice, self-destruction, loss, and loneliness. Whereas Kevin Carter’s suicide note with the relational process of attributive as the most dominant process describes regret, pressure, and despair. Then both Virginia Woolf’s suicide notes show how she blamed herself for what happened although it has different dominant processes between the first suicide note and the second suicide note.Â
Pakistani Women’s Dignity in Patriarchal Culture Reflected in Qaisra Shahraz’s A Pair of Jeans and Other Stories
No full textThis article discusses the problems faced by women and their dignity to survive in the domination of a patriarchal cultural environment. This study uses prescriptive criticism from Cheri Register to analyze three short stories by Qaisra Shahraz entitled Zemindar’s Wife, A Pair of Jeans and The Elopement. The concept of prescriptive criticism from Cheri Register has four criteria that supposed to be found in literary works, namely serves as a forum for women, helps to achieve cultural androgyny, provides role-models, promotes health and augment consciousness-raising systems. The results showed that the main female characters; Noor, Miriam and Rubiya can survive in the dominant patriarchal culture with the dignity to resist in the patriarchal culture. These three stories successfully covered four prescriptive criteria by Register and can be classified as feminist stories.Â
Sartre’s Existentialism for Grant and Jefferson’s Educational Commitment in Ernest J. Gaines’s Novel: A Lesson Before Dying
No full textRacism and Injustice have put Jefferson, a poor young black man, into an electrocution for murder and burglary that he has never done. As a coloured, he cannot do anything than accept the defense attorney verdict – white American Supreme Court’s desegregation – who addresses him as a “hog.†It leaves an inferior feeling that he is nothing but a hog. Comparing him to a hog attracts Miss Emma’s protest that she would like him walking to the electric chair as a human. Therefore, to get Jefferson understands that he is worth a man, she asks Grant Wiggins – an educated black teacher to educate him so he could die a man. In fact, the biggest challenge Grant faces when he looks at Jefferson is his feeling of looking at himself as a man experiencing the same type of racism and discrimination at the oppressive white community. Whereas, educating Jefferson to be a man is difficult as he has to make himself confident with his existence before determining ways of assuring Jefferson as an existing man who will walk to the electric chair on two feet, not a hog. Educating is underpinning people to have great control over lives and surroundings. Its importance deals with functioning the knowledge significant to empower. This is convincing that Jefferson should be educated so that he will not degrade himself as coloured because of his inability to say even a word to defend himself. Using the existentialism philosophy, Grant and Jefferson’s educational commitment in A Lesson Before Dying is discussed based on five themes of Sartre’s existentialism. It reveals that Grant does not get any positive response once he starts teaching. Gradually, Jefferson speaks to him after being attracted by his personal feelings. Grant’s ultimate achievement is when he can make Jefferson writes a diary, to portray some individual matters. What Grant has accomplished is his ability to link the themes, relevant to the philosophy of education. Grant succeeds in transforming Jefferson as a man who has dignity.Â
The Multifunctionality of a Morpheme Proposes its Morphosyntactic Features and their Specifications: Feature Matrix
Full text linkMultifunctionality is a cross linguistic phenomenon. It refers to the linguistic capability of a linguistic form to manifest itself in different syntactic structures that result in different syntactic functions. Treating multifunctionality from a generative perspective, the paper focuses on the different functions of the Hijazi Arabic (HA) maa and contributes to the HA literature by describing these different functions and claiming that they are not instances of homonymy, but of multifunctionality. Those different functions are governed by the different syntactic environments that maa occurs in. Its occurrence in multiple syntactic environments suggests that maa has a feature matrix that includes its morphosyntactic features and their specifications that express the appropriate use and interpretation of a given structure. The findings show that maa may function as a negative particle, emphatic particle, relative pronoun, infinitival particle, conditional particle, interrogative particle, exclamative particle and a particle of inclusion. These uses differ in their syntactic flexibility and rigidity (restrictedness). Although more than one function can incorporate to express multiple senses, the salient point about the different functions of maa is that there is no semantic or syntactic ambiguity between its functions
The Relationship Between Narcissistic Personality and Violent Behavior as Represented in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
Full text linkThis thesis explores the violent behaviour illustrated in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It focuses on the antagonist’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) in order to reveal the motives behind his violent behaviour. The writers apply psychoanalytical theory and brings in contemporary theories by experts in psychology in order to help better understand the psychological problems in the novel. The writers conclude that NPD and violent behaviour of the antagonist are ultimate interlinked
Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s “American Dervishâ€
Full text linkThis thesis entitled ‘Being Muslim Immigrants in America: Preservation, Resistance, and Negotiation of Identity in Ayad Akhtar’s ‘American Dervish’ aims to analyze the depiction of Muslim immigrants identity in the context of diaspora. Through the lenses of Hall’s theory of identity and Clifford’s diaspora, the analysis centered on how the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel interacted with other individuals with diverse backgrounds of race, gender, and religion. This contributed towards the construction of identity through the preservation and resistance of homeland culture, dominant culture or host land culture and the negotiation between Muslim immigrants and their state and American society. Therefore, the Muslim immigrant characters in the novel hold a non-essential and fluid identity as portrayed from the perpetual construction of identity
Indonesian Jokes on Tailgates and Posters in English
Full text linkThis paper investigated jokes written on tailgates and posters in English in an Indonesian context to identify and understand the different variations of the joke meanings as non-verbal communication. Data, consisting of jokes on tailgates and posters, were collected online and examined phonologically and pragmatically using a document analysis. The data were analyzed in order to identify, categorize and classify the words and phonics and then interpret the meanings. Results showed that three jokes written on tailgates and two jokes written on posters contained funny or amusing aspects due to phonological and pragmatic factors, as in “She Book Carry Do It†which means “Sibuk Cari Duit†in Indonesian and “Busy to find money†in English. Â
The Difference between Standard American English Pronunciation and the Interlanguage of English Department Students of the Class of 2015 at Andalas University
Full text linkThis study discusses (1) the differences between the students’ interlanguage and standard American English pronunciation, and (2) the patterns of phonetic shift from the Standard American English into the students’ Interlanguage Pronunciation. The participants of this research were English Department students, the year of 2015, at Andalas University and were selected by using stratified random sampling with academic achievement as the criteria in choosing the sample. The data were collected by using picture description task and analyzed by using Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH) by Eckman (1977) where the markedness relation among the sounds were found by using Markedness Hierarchy by Lombardi (1995, 1998). The result of the analysis showed that the most frequent errors that the participants made were the pronunciation of [ð], [θ], and [v] where the participants replaced [ð] with [d],[θ] with [t], and [v] with [f]. The difficulties of the participants were mostly in line with Eckman’s MDH
Medium Specificities of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson: Marvel Comic, Video Game, and Korean TV Drama
Full text linkThis study analyzes Medium Specificities found in the adaptations of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde This study uses Linda Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation focuses on medium specificity in engaging audiences and the process of repetition but not replication. This study found three adaptation works of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fulfilled the process of repetition but not replication from their textual transformations and innovations occurred in the works
Pragmatics Analysis of Presupposition as Found in The Tagline of Horror Movie Posters
Full text linkThis research is about pragmatics analysis of presupposition as found in the tagline of horror movie posters. This research aimed to discover presupposition triggers and type of presupposition in the tagline of horror movie posters. In this research, the data were collected by downloading 14 taglines in horror movie posters. Then, the data downloaded were divided according to the presupposition triggers and the types of presuppositions. The data were analyzed using two theories, presupposition triggers by Kartunnen (1973) and Yule’s presupposition types (1996). The result of the analysis shows an argument and a table. The results show that from 42 presupposition triggers found in the tagline of horror movie posters, definite descriptions are the most dominant presupposition triggers. Other presupposition triggers are the change of state verbs, factive verb, and counterfactual conditional. Meanwhile, out of 6 types of presuppositions, there are only four types of presuppositions found in the tagline of horror movie posters: existential presupposition, lexical presupposition, factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.Â