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PENGELOLAAN DAN KONSERVASI SATWA BERBASIS KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI PAPUA (Wildlife Management and Conservation Based on Traditional Wisdom in Papua)
Get PDFABSTRAKKearifan tradisional didefinisikan sebagai sistem sosial, politik, budaya, ekonomi dan lingkungan dalam kehidupan suatu komunitas tertentu yang dinamis, berkelanjutan dan dapat diterima. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan konsep kearifan tradisional dalam akitivitas perburuan satwa pada kelompok etnik tertentu di Papua sebagai langkah alternatif konservasi satwa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek kearifan tradisional oleh masyarakat asli Papua bervariasi antara satu dengan lainnya. Konsep-konsep yang berhasil diidentifikasi dan masih tetap dipraktekkan sampai dengan saat ini di antaranya teknik dan peralatan berburu, lokasi perburuan, musim berburu dan target perburuan. Kesemuanya adalah potensi yang harus dilestarikan dan deikembangkan guna menunjang program konservasi satwa di Papua.ABSTRACTTraditional wisdom is defined as social, politic, culture, economics and environment system in particular communities life which dynamic, sustainably and acceptable. This article aimed to discuss traditional wisdom concept in wildlife hunting by some ethnic groups in Papua as an alternative way on wildlife conservation. The study indicated that traditional wisdom aspect of the native Papuan was varies among others. An identified concept of traditional wisdom which still put into practice around the study site was technique and tools of hunting, location, hunting season and hunting target. This concept is the potency which could be sustained and developed in order to support the wildlife conservation program in Papua
RESILIENCY OF SMALL-SCALE COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) FARMERS IN WEST PAGADEN RURAL AREA OF SUBANG - WEST JAVA (Daya Lenting Pembudidaya Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Skala Kecil di Perdesaan Kecamatan Pagaden Barat Subang – Jawa Barat)
Get PDFABSTRACTSince early 1980s, freshwater fish farming was introduced as an economic activity to the rural community in Subang, West Java Province. Until presently, 5% of the population participate on it, specifically as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultivators in freshwater ponds ecosystem. The economic gain from the carp farming triggers vast development indicated by significant landscape conversion from rice fields to fish ponds. Environmental limitation does not seem to become their major concern, because good yields which means good income is their main driving factor to extend and intensify common carp aquaculture. Recognizing the important role of small scale fish farms in West Java common carp production system, we explore their resiliency in confronting challenges encountered in managing the freshwater ecosystem. Utilizing participatory observation and interview, we explore their socio-ecological resilience from the perception of human and nature interaction. The study area is Pagaden Sub District in Subang - West Java. Descriptive analysis is used to articulate the phenomenon enfolded in a socio-ecological framework of thinking. It can be concluded that high dependency to the aquaculture activity, has reached a situation in which ecologically sound technology should be introduced. Included in a scheme of technical assistance which specifically designed to meet the need and in harmony with the socio-cultural characters of small-scale fish farmers, the technology introduction should be carried out to spur the sustainable aquaculture in Subang West Java. This should be a proposed agenda for the local government in support to aquaculture sustainable development.ABSTRAKSejak awal tahun 1980, budidaya ikan air tawar diperkenalkan sebagai kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat desa di wilayah Subang, Propinsi Jawa Barat. Dewasa ini, sekitar 5% populasi terlibat di kegiatan tersebut, terutama sebagai pembudidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) di ekosistem kolam air tawar. Pendapatan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan budidaya ikan mas telah memicu terjadinya percepatan laju pembangunan yaitu dengan adanya perubahan lansekap dari petak-petak sawah menjadi kolam-kolam ikan. Keterbatasan lingkungan tampaknya tidak dipertimbangkan, karena hasil panen yang tinggi atau keuntungan usaha menjadi tujuan pokok perluasan atau pun intensifikasi kegiatan budidaya ikan mas. Mengingat peran penting pembudidaya ikan skala kecil di rantai produksi ikan mas di Jawa Barat, kami melakukan kajian terhadap daya lenting mereka dalam menghadapi tantangan mengelola ekosistem budidaya ikan air tawar. Dengan memanfaatkan metoda pengamatan-partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam, data dan informasi dari para pelaku budidaya ikan mas skala kecil di Kecamatan Pagaden Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat ditelusur. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk memberikan ruang artikulatif dalam mengurai fenomena lapangan yang dirangkum dalam kerangka pikir sosio-ekologi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun mereka memiliki kearifan lokal tersendiri dalam membudidayakan ikan mas di kolam air tawar, ketergantungan yang tinggi pada kegiatan akuakultur ikan mas, telah sampai pada situasi diperlukannya pengenalan teknologi budidaya yang ramah lingkungan. Pengenalan teknologi tersebut seyogyanya disertai strategi pendampingan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakter sosial-budaya para pembudidaya ikan mas skala kecil. Hal ini perlu dijadikan agenda pemerintah daerah untuk diterapkan demi keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem akuakultur di Subang – Jawa Barat. ABSTRACTSince early 1980s, freshwater fish farming was introduced as an economic activity to the rural community in Subang, West Java Province. Until presently, 5% of the population participate on it, specifically as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultivators in freshwater ponds ecosystem. The economic gain from the carp farming triggers vast development indicated by significant landscape conversion from rice fields to fish ponds. Environmental limitation does not seem to become their major concern, because good yields which means good income is their main driving factor to extend and intensify common carp aquaculture. Recognizing the important role of small scale fish farms in West Java common carp production system, we explore their resiliency in confronting challenges encountered in managing the freshwater ecosystem. Utilizing participatory observation and interview, we explore their socio-ecological resilience from the perception of human and nature interaction. The study area is Pagaden Sub District in Subang - West Java. Descriptive analysis is used to articulate the phenomenon enfolded in a socio-ecological framework of thinking. It can be concluded that high dependency to the aquaculture activity, has reached a situation in which ecologically sound technology should be introduced. Included in a scheme of technical assistance which specifically designed to meet the need and in harmony with the socio-cultural characters of small-scale fish farmers, the technology introduction should be carried out to spur the sustainable aquaculture in Subang West Java. This should be a proposed agenda for the local government in support to aquaculture sustainable development.ABSTRAKSejak awal tahun 1980, budidaya ikan air tawar diperkenalkan sebagai kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat desa di wilayah Subang, Propinsi Jawa Barat. Dewasa ini, sekitar 5% populasi terlibat di kegiatan tersebut, terutama sebagai pembudidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) di ekosistem kolam air tawar. Pendapatan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan budidaya ikan mas telah memicu terjadinya percepatan laju pembangunan yaitu dengan adanya perubahan lansekap dari petak-petak sawah menjadi kolam-kolam ikan. Keterbatasan lingkungan tampaknya tidak dipertimbangkan, karena hasil panen yang tinggi atau keuntungan usaha menjadi tujuan pokok perluasan atau pun intensifikasi kegiatan budidaya ikan mas. Mengingat peran penting pembudidaya ikan skala kecil di rantai produksi ikan mas di Jawa Barat, kami melakukan kajian terhadap daya lenting mereka dalam menghadapi tantangan mengelola ekosistem budidaya ikan air tawar. Dengan memanfaatkan metoda pengamatan-partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam, data dan informasi dari para pelaku budidaya ikan mas skala kecil di Kecamatan Pagaden Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat ditelusur. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk memberikan ruang artikulatif dalam mengurai fenomena lapangan yang dirangkum dalam kerangka pikir sosio-ekologi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun mereka memiliki kearifan lokal tersendiri dalam membudidayakan ikan mas di kolam air tawar, ketergantungan yang tinggi pada kegiatan akuakultur ikan mas, telah sampai pada situasi diperlukannya pengenalan teknologi budidaya yang ramah lingkungan. Pengenalan teknologi tersebut seyogyanya disertai strategi pendampingan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakter sosial-budaya para pembudidaya ikan mas skala kecil. Hal ini perlu dijadikan agenda pemerintah daerah untuk diterapkan demi keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem akuakultur di Subang – Jawa Barat.
PERAN UNSUR CUACA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA DI SENTRA PRODUKSI LADA DAERAH SULAWESI TENGGARA (The Role of Weather Elements Toward Increased Foot Rot Disease on Black Pepper in the Production Center of Southeast Sulawesi)
Get PDFABSTRAKPengendalian penyakit tanaman di sentra produksi lada melalui modifikasi lingkungan merupakan pilihan bijak dalam upaya pengurangan penggunaan pestisida. Penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada telah menyebabkan penurunan produksi lada di berbagai daerah sentra rempah. Penyakit ini semakin meningkat dengan adanya pergeseran cuaca yang tidak menentu. Interaksi antar unsur cuaca dan kondisi agroekosistem diduga mempengaruhi perkembangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung antar unsur cuaca (suhu udara, kelembapan udara, jumlah hari hujan, total curah hujan), suhu tanah, dan lengas tanah terhadap terjadinya peningkatan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada pada berbagai kondisi agroekosistem lada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sentra pertanaman lada di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis lintas digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar unsur cuaca dengan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa unsur cuaca mempengaruhi peningkatan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Unsur cuaca yang secara langsung menyebabkan peningkatan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada pada tiap daerah bervariasi dan paling dominan adalah curah hujan. Unsur cuaca yang mempengaruhi peningkatan intensitas penyakit di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan adalah curah hujan dan lengas tanah, di Kabupaten Konawe oleh suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan curah hujan, sedangkan di Kabupaten Kolaka oleh jumlah hari hujan, dan curah hujan.ABSTRACTControl of plant diseases in black pepper production centers through environmental modification is a wise choice in efforts to reduce the use of pesticides. The foot rot disease causes production of black pepper has been undergoing a decrease in center spices. The irregular change of the weather was strongly assumed to be the cause of the occurrence of the black pepper foot-rot disease. The interactions between agroecosystems condition and weather elements to influence the development of foot rot disease. The aims of this research were to analyze the relationship between the weather elements (temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, total rainfall), soil temperature, and soil moisture toward the prevalence of the black pepper foot-rot disease in various condition of the agriculture ecosystem. The research applied the following methods survey in the areas of black pepper plantations in the Province of South-East Sulawesi. Path analysis was used to determine the relationship between the weather elements with the intensity of foot rot disease. The results shows that the contributory causes of foot rot disease on black pepper are weather condition. The weather elements directly causing the disease intensity progress of foot root varied in each region and the most dominant weather element was rainfall. The increase of the disease intensity in South Konawe District was caused by the increase in rainfall and soil moisture. In Konawe District, it is caused mainly by rainfall, humidity and air temperature, in Kolaka District it is caused by the number of rainy days and rainfall
ADSORPTION OF PHENOL POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING Ca-BENTONITE/CHITOSAN COMPOSITE (Adsorpsi Polutan Fenol dari Larutan Berair Menggunakan Komposit Ca-Bentonit/Kitosan)
Get PDFPhenolic compounds areorganic pollutants that are toxic and carcinogenic.The presence of phenol in the environmentcan be adverse to humanand the environmentalsystem. One methodthat iseffective toreduce thephenolisadsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution using Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was investigated. Chitosan is the deacetylation product of chitin from shrimp waste. Characterization of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as initial concentration of phenol, composite weight, pH and contact time. The results showed that FTIR spectra of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite presented the characteristic of peak of Ca-bentonite and chitosan that confirmed the successful synthesis of composite. The SEM-EDX characterizationresultsshowedCa-bentonite surfacecoverage by chitosanand the presence ofcarbonandnitrogenelementsinCa-bentonite/chitosancompositeindicated that chitosan had bonded with bentonite. The optimum condition of adsorption of Ca-bentonite/chitosan to phenol was obtained at 125 mg.L-1 of concentration in which the weight of composite was 1.0 g, the pH of solution was 7, the contact time was 30 minutes, and the capacity of adsorption was 12.496 mg.g-1.ABSTRACTPhenolic compounds are organic pollutants that are toxic and carcinogenic.The presence of phenol in the environment can be adverse to human and the environmental system. One method that is effective to reduce the phenol is adsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution using Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was investigated. Chitosan is the deacetylation product of chitin from shrimp waste. Characterization of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as initial concentration of phenol, composite weight, pH and contact time. The results showed that FTIR spectra of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite presented the characteristic of peak of Ca-bentonite and chitosan that confirmed the successful synthesis of composite. The SEM-EDX characterization results showed Ca-bentonite surface coverage by chitosan and the presence of carbon and nitrogen elements in Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite indicated that chitosan had bonded with bentonite. The optimum condition of adsorption of Ca-bentonite/chitosan to phenol was obtained at 125 mg.L-1 of concentration in which the weight of composite was 1.0 g, the pH of solution was 7, the contact time was 30 minutes, and the capacity of adsorption was 12.496 mg.g-1. ABSTRAKFenol merupakan polutan organik yang bersifat toksik dan karsinogenik. Keberadaan fenol di lingkungan berbahaya bagi manusia dan sistem lingkungan. Salah satu metoda yang efektif digunakan untuk mengurangi fenol adalah adsorpsi. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari kemampuan komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan untuk mengadsorpsi fenol. Kitosan diperoleh dari hasil deasetilasi kitin yang diekstraksi dari limbah udang. Karakterisasi komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Metoda Batch digunakan untuk mempelajari proses adsorpsi dengan parameter meliputi konsentrasi awal fenol, berat komposit, pH larutan dan waktu kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spektra FTIR komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan merupakan gabungan dari serapan Ca-bentonit dan kitosan. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX menunjukkan permukaan Ca-bentonit tertutup oleh kitosan, keberadaan unsur karbon dan nitrogen pada komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan mengindikasikan telah terbentuknya ikatan Ca-bentonit dengan kitosan. Kondisi optimum adsorpsi fenol menggunakan komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan diperoleh pada konsentrasi awal fenol 125 mg.L-1, berat komposit 1,0 g, pH larutan 6 dan waktu kontak 30 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 12,496 mg.g-1
PEMODELAN FAKTOR K BERBASIS RASTER SEBAGAI MASUKAN PEMODELAN EROSI DI DAS MERAWU, BANJARNEGARA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH (Modeling of Raster-Based of K Factor as Input for Erosion Modeling at Merawu Catchment, Banjarnegara, Central Java Province)
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketelitian absolut pemodelan faktor K berbasis raster sebagai masukan dalam pemodelan erosi Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Merawu, Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah.Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengambil 30 sampel tanah secara stratified random sampling berdasarkan bentuklahan DAS Merawu. Sampel tanah tersebut kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium sehingga diperoleh tekstur, permeabilitas, bahan organik, dan struktur yang diperlukan untuk menghitung faktor K menggunakan rumus yang sudah ada. Dari 30 sampel yang diambil, 24 sampel digunakan untuk menghitung faktor K dalam pemodelan, sedangkan 6 sampel lainnya digunakan sebagai uji model. Pengeplotan nilai K pada sampel di atas peta dilakukan sesuai dengan lokasi sampel, kemudian dilakukan digitasi dan rasterisasi dan dilakukan interpolasi spasial untuk memperoleh Peta K untuk setiap piksel dengan metode Kriging. Hasil pemodelan K tersebut (Kmodel) kemudian diuji pada 6 lokasi (Kaktual) untuk mengetahui ketelitian pemodelan. Kmodel dikatakan teliti jika memiliki nilai ≥ 80% terhadap Kaktual.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan faktor K berbasis raster di DAS Merawu mempunyai ketelitian melebihi nilai ambang yang ditetapkan, yaitu sebesar 89,068%, yang menunjukkan bahwa peta hasil pemodelan menggunakan analisis Kriging dapat digunakan untuk analisis lebih lanjut dalam menghitung erosi.ABSTRACTThe research was aimed at knowing the absolute accuracy of modeling of raster-based K factor as input for Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) erosion modeling at Merawu Catchment, Banjarnegara, Central Java Province. Methodology applied was by taking 30 soil samples of stratified random sampling based on landform of Merawu Catchment. Those 30 soil samples then were analised in a laboratory to get their texture, permeability, organic matter, and structure for K factor computation using the existing formula. From 30 soil samples taken, 24 samples were used to model K factor, while the other 6 soil samples were used for Model Validation. The result of computation for each sample then was plotted according to their position, digitized, transformed and spatially interpolated using Kriging technique to gain Map of K factor of the study area (Kmodel). Kmodel then was validated with 6 soil samples of the Kactual to know the accuracy of the model. Kmodel is said to be accurate when its accuracy is ≥ 80% when compared to Kactual. The research result at Merawu Catchment showed that modeling of raster-based K factor reached the accuracy of ≥ 80%, that was 89.068%, indicating that modeling of factor K by using Kriging analysis can be used further for erosion analysis
KAJIAN PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR MINUM UNTUK MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN SEMI-ARID INDONESIA (A Study on Fulfillment of Drinking Water Need of People in Semi-Arid Areas in Indonesia)
Get PDFABSTRAKKawasan Kota Kupang dan sekitarnya saat ini berkembang menjadi pusat perekonomian, pendidikan dan sosial budaya di NTT, dengan laju permintaan kebutuhan air minum yang tinggi. Tantangan penyediaan air minum semakin besar, karena daerah tersebut merupakan kawasan semi-arid di Indonesia yang memiliki keterbatasan ketersediaan dan kontinuitas air dari berbagai sumber air yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum bagi masyarakat di kawasan semi-arid Indonesia, khususnya Regional Kupang, tahun 2015-2035. Penelitian dibagi atas tiga tahap, yakni tahap pertama mengkaji proyeksi laju permintaan air minum tahun 2015-2035, tahap kedua melakukan identifikasi potensi sumber air tersedia, dan tahap ketiga mengatur skenario pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, potensi sumber air yang ada, sulit untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air minum pada rentang waktu perencanaan 2015-2035, khususnya mulai tahun 2019 dengan target pencapaian pelayanan air minum harus mencapai 100%. Untuk mengatasi hal ini maka, paradigma pengelolaan sumber daya air untuk keperluan multisektor perlu disesuaikan menurut kekhasan kawasan semi-arid, dengan prioritas utama untuk kebutuhan air minum. Potensi curah hujan yang terjadi perlu dioptimalkan pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber air baku, melalui pembangunan waduk, sarana penampungan air hujan lainnya dan disertai upaya konservasi. Penghematan penggunaan air sesuai kebutuhan dan kearifan lokal daerah, serta pengaturan prioritas daerah pelayanan untuk sistem perpipaan air minum, merupakan strategi lainnya yang bisa dilakukan. Penggunaan air tanah yang merupakan sumber air baku utama, harus dikendalikan dengan mempertimbangkan daya dukung lingkungan.ABSTRACTKupang and its surrounding region are currently developing into a center of economy, education and socio-culture in the NTT province, with a high rate of demand for drinking water. The challenge to provide drinking water supply has become greater and greater due to the fact that the area belongs to the semi-arid Indonesian region with limited water availability and continuity of the existing water sources. This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of the need for drinking water of the people in the semi-arid region of Indonesia, particularly in the city of Kupang and its surrounding, for the years of 2015-2035. The research was divided into three stages, i.e. the first stage, which examines the projected rate of the demand for the drinking water in 2015-2035, the second stage, which identifies potential sources of available water, and the third stage, which sets the scenario for providing drinking water supply. The results showed that it was difficult for the existing water sources to fulfill the need for the drinking water in the planned period of 2015-2035, especially starting from 2019, with the target of achieving 100% drinking water services. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, it is deemed necessary to adjust the paradigm of the water resource management for the purpose of fulfilling the multi-sector needs according to the peculiarities of the semi-arid region, with drinking water needs as the main priority. The utilization of the potential rainfall needs to be optimized as a source of raw water through the construction of both dams and other means of rainwater harvesting, and conservation. Efficient use of water as required and local wisdom of the region, as well as setting priorities for the service area of drinking water piping systems, are other impending strategies. The use of ground water as the main source of raw water in the study area should be controlled by taking into consideration the environmental supporting capacity
DAMPAK FASILITATIF TUMBUHAN LEGUM PENUTUP TANAH DAN TANAMAN BERMIKORIZA PADA SUKSESI PRIMER DI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG KAPUR (Facilitative Impacts of Legume Cover-crop and Mycorrhizal-inoculated Plant on Primary Succession of Limestone Quarries)
Get PDFABSTRAKPenambangan batu kapur dengan metode penambangan terbuka yang meliputi penghilangan vegetasi, pengeboran dan pengebomanan untuk mengeksplotiasi material batu kapur mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem. Pemulihan secara alami pada lahan tersebut berjalan lambat karena kondisi tapak dalam proses suksesi tidak mendukung perkembangan vegetasi alaminya. Pembentukan pertanaman diduga memfasilitasi kehadiran tanaman lain melalui perbaikan karateristik lingkungan yang rusak dan/atau peningkatan ketersediaan sumber hara. Dampak fasilitatif pembentukan pertanaman tumbuhan legum penutup tanah (Centrosema pubescens) dan tanaman bermikoriza (Vitex cofassus) dipelajari pada suksesi primer di lahan bekas tambang kapur TNS. Kehadiran tumbuhan alami diukur menggunakan kerapatan individu, keanekaragaman dan jumlah jenis melalui sampling vegetasi dengan metode plot kuadrat secara sistematis berdasarkan tingkat habitusnya. Kondisi tapak diukur berdasarkan ketebalan dan biomasa seresah, kadar bahan organik tanah dan kadar karbon organik tanah. Penelitian dilakukan pada 4 tipe areal di lahan bekas tambang kapur yaitu areal terbuka/kondisi alami tanpa pertanaman, areal pertanaman legum penutup tanah, areal pertanaman tanpa mikoriza dan areal pertanaman bermikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertanaman legum penutup tanah dan pertanaman bermikoriza memperbaiki kondisi tapak lahan bekas tambang kapur. Pembentukan tanaman legum penutup menghasilkan banyak seresahdengan ketebalan 1,08 cm dan biomassa 188,96 g/m2 dan dekomposisi selanjutnya meningkatkan bahan organik tanah sebesar 3,80% dan kandungan karbonorganik sebesar 2,20%. Pembentukan pertanaman juga memberikan dampak yang sama, khususnya yang diinokulasi FungiMikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) menghasilkan seresah dengan ketebalan 1,32 cm dan biomassa 220,48 g/m2, dengan kadar bahan organik tanah sebesar 3,66% dan karbon organik tanah sebesar 2,03%. Perbaikan kondisi tapak tersebut mempercepat kehadiran tumbuhan alami melalui peningkatkan kerapatan individu dan keanekaragaman jenis pada semua tingkatan habitus, meskipun untuk tingkat herba dan semak, kerapatan individu dan keanekaragaman jenis terendah pada areal pertanaman tanpa mikoriza.ABSTRACTLimestone mining using open pit mining method that involves vegetation removal and soil drilling and blasting in accessing limestone material has caused ecosystem damages. Natural recovery of such a harsh site is a slow process as the site condition in the successional process do not favor the natural vegetation development. Plants Establishment could facilitate other plants by ameliorating harsh environmental characteristics and/or increasing the availability of nutrient resources. Facilitation impact of legume cover crop (Centrosema pubescens) and mycorrhizal-inoculated plantation (Vitex cofassus) was studied on primary succession of TNS limestone mining quarry. The emergence of natural plants is measured using individual density, diversity and number of species by quadrat systematic plot method base on their habitus. Site conditions measured by litterfall thickness and biomass, soil organic matter content and soil organic carbon levels. The study was conducted in four types of areas on limestone postmining lands are open areas/natural conditions without planting, legume cover crop area, non mycorrhizal-inoculated plant area and mycorrhizal-inoculated plant area. The results indicated, establishment of legume cover crops and mycorrhizal-inoculated plants improved site conditions of limestone quarry. Legume cover crops establishment produced a large amount of litters with 1.08 cm of a thickness and 188.96 g/m2 of biomass, and it’s subsequent decomposition increased soil organic matter of 3.80% and the organic carbon content of 2.20%. Plantation formation gave similar impact as well, particulary those inoculated with Arbuscula Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) produced amount of litters with 1.32 cm of a thickness and 220.48 g/m2 of biomass, with 3.66% of soil organic matter content and 2.03% of soil organic carbon. Improvement of site conditions have accelerated the emergence of a natural plant and resulted in individual density and species diversity on all habitus type, although the least herbs and shrubs were found in area of non mycorrhizal-inoculated plantation
PERSEPSI PETANI DAN ADAPTASI BUDIDAYA TEMBAKAU-SAYURAN ATAS FENOMENA PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI DESA TLOGOLELE, KECAMATAN SELO, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI (Farmers Perception and Adaptation of Tobacco-Vegetables Cultivation toward Climate Change Phenomena at Tlogolele Vi
Get PDFABSTRAKMasyarakat Desa Tlogolele, Kecamatan Selo, Kabupaten Boyolali mengandalkan pendapatan dari budidaya tembakau dan sayuran yang keduanya sangat rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Kesiapan petani untuk memahami dampak negatif perubahan iklim dan bagaimana upaya untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan tersebut sangat menentukan keberhasilan petani bertahan dan secara terus-menerus mengembangkan pertaniannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji persepsi petani terhadap perubahan iklim dan menganalisis adaptasi yang dilaksanakan oleh petani. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive, yaitu petani tembakau-sayuran, sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur, observasi dan diskusi terfokus. Keakuratan data persepsi petani atas fenomena perubahan iklim dibandingkan dengan data tren perubahan iklim yang tercatat di stasiun klimatologi terdekat bersumber dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Semarang. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani mengetahui isu perubahan iklim dan merasakan pengaruhnya terhadap kegiatan budidaya pertanian terutama masalah kekeringan dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Petani meresponnya melalui adaptasi kegiatan pemilihan jenis tanaman, waktu tanam, cara mengolah tanah, dan pemberian pupuk. ABSTRACTThe farmers at Tlogolele village-Selo, Boyolali, obtain their main income from tobacco and vegetables production; both are highly vulnerable to climate change. Farmers’ readiness to understand the negative impact of climate change and how to adapt their cropping system determine their success to survive on sustainable agriculture. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the farmers’ perception on climate change and analyze their adaptation strategy. Samples were taken purposively, consist of 50 tobacco-vegetable farmers. Data were collected by survey method through interviewing by using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. The accuracy of farmers' perceptions on climate change was compared with the data of climate change trends recorded in the nearest climatological station in Semarang (BMKG). Data were analyzed descriptively. The results show farmers were aware of the climate change issues and their impacts on farming activities; especially for the problem of drought and pest attacks. Farmers adapted by selecting crops type, managing planting time and land accordingly as well as applying fertilizers
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA LELE DUMBO Clarias sp. MELALUI PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MINA PEDESAAN PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA DI KABUPATEN BULELENG (Aquaculture Development of Catfish Clarias sp. through Fisheries Business Development in Village on Fish Aquac
Get PDFABSTRAKPermintaan produksi lele dumbo yang tinggi di Provinsi Bali belum mampu dimaksimalkan peluangnya oleh para Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan (Pokdakan) penerima bantuan langsung masyarakat melalui program Pengembangan Usaha Mina Pedesaan Perikanan Budidaya (PUMP PB) tahun 2011 – 2013 di Kabupaten Buleleng. Faktornya adalah jumlah penyuluh perikanan yang mendampingi pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut, kemampuan Pokdakan pada bidang budidaya, terbatasnya informasi teknik budidaya, kontinunitas ketersediaan benih yang berkualitas di Kabupaten Buleleng. Hasil evaluasi dan tidakan melalui Participatory Action Research (PAR) adalah memanfaatkan faktor lingkungan eksternal melalui pemanfaatan aliran irigasi subak untuk budidaya pembesaran lele dumbo, pemberian pellet fermentasi mendapatkan perbandingan Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) 0,997 : 1,0. Hasil matrik IFAS dan EFAS, dari penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah x = 0,296 dan y = 0,058 yang menunjukan strategi progresif yang menandakan sebuah organisasi yang kuat dan berpeluang. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan perairan dari aliran irigasi untuk kegiatan usaha budidaya pembesaran lele dumbo di Kabupaten Buleleng sehingga dapat memenuhi tingginya permintaan lele dumbo di Provinsi Bali. ABSTRACTThe high demand of catfish production in Bali province has not been able to be made use by local fish cultivation groups (Pokdakan) which are recipients of Fisheries Business Development in Village on Fish Aquaculture Program (PUMP PB) 2011 – 2013 Buleleng regency. The contributing factors are the number of the attending fishery counselors in the program implementation, the ability of Pokdakans on aquacultural field, the limited information on aquaculture techniques and the continuity of high quality seed availability in Buleleng regency. Evaluation and treatment result of Participatory Action Research (PAR) is that subak irrigation system can be used for the catfish rearing aquaculture, fermented feed utilization showed Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) 0.997 : 1.0. Based on IFAS and EFAS matrices analysis, achieved x value = 0.296 and y = 0.058 showed progressive strategy which means a strong and opportune organization. One strategy is utilization of subak irrigation system for catfish rearing aquaculture in Buleleng regency to meet the high demand of the catfish in Bali province
DAMPAK PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN, EMISI KARBON DAN SEKTOR KEHUTANAN INDONESIA (Corruption Eradication Impacts on The Economy, Carbon Emissions and Forestry Sector in Indonesia)
Get PDFABSTRAKPermasalahan lingkungan, korupsi, dan perubahan iklim menjadi persoalan dunia yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari masalah politik, moral, budaya, kelembagaan, dan ekonomi. Beberapa kajian menunjukkan korupsi akan menurunkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan kajian lainnya menunjukkan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak pemberantasan korupsi terhadap perekonomian, emisi karbon (lingkungan) dan sektor kehutanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis ekonometrika persamaan simultan dinamis dengan data tahun 1969—2012. Metode pendugaan model menggunakan Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pemberantasan korupsi akan meningkatkan investasi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, pajak, dan menurunkan pengangguran, namun tidak berdampak pada kemiskinan. Pemberantasan korupsi meningkatkan aktivitas ekonomi sehingga emisi karbon meningkat. Sektor kehutanan dapat berperan menurunkan emisi karbon dan diuntungkan dengan pemberantasan korupsi meskipun kinerja industri kehutanan dan dana reboisasi sedikit turun. ABSTRACTEnvironment problem, corruption and climate change have become the world issues that cannot be separated from political, moral, cultural, institutional, and economic problems. Several studies have pointed out that corruption lowered the economic growth while other studies suggested the opposite. This study aims to determine the impacts of corruption eradication on the economy, carbon emissions (environment) and forestry sector in Indonesia. This study used an econometric analysis of dynamic simultaneous equation based on the time series data spanned from the year of 1969 to 2012. The estimation model was performed by using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. The results indicated that the successful of corruption eradication will both increase investment, economic growth, and taxes, as well as reduce unemployment, but it had no impact on poverty alleviation. Corruption eradication increased economic activities that result in a rising of carbon emissions. The forestry sector can contribute to reduce carbon emissions and benefit from the eradication of corruption even though the performance of forestry industries and reforestation funds will be slightly decreased