REAL-PhD

Pataki, János István

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A bírósági végrehajtási eljárás rendszere és a végrehajtó szervezet Magyarországon Történeti előzmények, a szabályozás bemutatása, a főbb problémáinak bemutatása és értékelése

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Gyermeki jogok és szülői felelősség nemzetközi magánjogi perspektívából

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Az európai polgári kezdeményezés különös tekintettel a nemzeti kisebbségek jog- és érdekvédelmére

Orbán, Endre

Államszervezet és szubszidiaritás mint az alkotmányos identitás sarokpontjai az Európai Unióban

Szabó, Rafael

Polivinilidén-difluorid alapú membránok tárolhatóságának vizsgálata

Trenyik, Tamás

A települési hulladék begyűjtés és a kapcsolódó elválasztási láncok folyamatmodell bázisú értékelése

Kraft, Michael Hans Gino

Strengthening organizations through ambidexterity an empirical investigation

Vígh, Enikő Zita

A klímaváltozás hatása a növénytermesztők gazdasági döntéseire

Nemesné Matus, Zsanett

Pázmány Péter Catholic University 
Faculty of Arts 
Budapest 
 
 
Zsanett Nemesné Matus 
LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN 
THE TRANSDANUBIAN REGION IN 
THE REFORM AGE 
István Bodroghy Papp’s Poetry 
 
 
Thesis of PhD Dissertation  
 
 
Doctoral School in History of Literature 
Head of the School: DR. EMIL HARGITTAY DSC 
Supervisor: DR. ATTILA THIMÁR CSC 
 
2020 
  
I. Research background and problem statement 
 
The present thesis focuses on the life of István Bodroghy and 
his book of poems called Faragószék [Carving Stool]. This 
book of poems of this poet, who has been unknown by the 
literary history until now, was found in the Xántus János 
Museum – presently called Rómer Flóris Art and History 
Museum – during a revision procedure by the author. 
István Bodroghy Papp was born in 1796 in Uraiújfalu 
of Vas County as the seventh child of Ádám Pap a tailor and 
Mária Szekér. He started his studies at the Lutheran Lyceum 
of Sopron and went on to the Law Academy of Pozsony and 
Győr. In 1822 he appeared in Mezőberény where he was the 
local notary. He spent his life in the Great Hungarian Plain: he 
moved to Békés in 1840/41 and from there to Arad around 
1858. Finally, he died in Pankota on 30
th
 April 1859.  
The history of his family goes back to the 16
th
 century, 
when his first known ancestor, Gergely Bodroghy got a grant 
of arms. The family moved to Somogy County in the 18
th
 
century, from where one line of the family moved to 
Uraiújfalu, the other moved to Szombathely, while some 
members remained in Somogy County. Some members of 
István Bodroghy Papp’s generation turned up in Győr, 
Bakonyszentlászló and Békés County.  
On the title page of István Bodroghy Papp’s book of 
poems the following lines can be read: Faragószék mellyen 
néhány üres óráit meg vonókésezte Bodroghi Papp István Első 
Kötet. [Carving Stool on which István Bodroghy Papp carved 
some of his empty hours. First Volume.] Interestingly, he 
chose the name of such a tool (carving stool) as the title of his 
book which was used to fix the workpiece while carving it 
with a special drawing-knife. For the author the carving stool 
meant the book of poems itself where he collected his poems 
he had written in his spare-time. During his work he paid 
special attention to the layout by drawing margins with a 
pencil and carefully numbering the pages. When he finished 
his copying job, he took the volume to a bookbinder, who 
bound it between simple, smooth covers.  
The volume contains 70 of his poems having been 
written between 3
th
 September 1817 and 15
th
 October 1824. 
Ten of the poems are epistles; while concentrating to the 
bibliographical data featuring in them the author does not enter 
into their detailed analysis. The remaining 60 poems show 
quite diversified picture in view of their genre, style and 
length. Some of the latter group has been presented and 
analysed in this paper so that – firstly – we can look into the 
writer-reader relationship in the Reform Age (first half of the 
19
th
 century) and the contemporary vivid cultural life of the 
Transdanubian Region in Hungary through the personality of 
Bodroghy Papp, and secondly, so that we can find his and his 
poetry’s place among the poets at the end of the 18
th
 and 
beginning of the 19
th
 century.  
 
 
II. Methodology 
 
This PhD dissertation is divided into two parts which were 
analyzed usingdifferent methodology. The first part, called 
Család-, társadalom- és művelődéstörténet [Family, Society 
and Cultural History], draws up István Bodroghy Papp’s walk 
of life while placing him in his family history. The starting 
point of it was the personal hints to be found in the epistles 
relating to venues, dates, studies, relationships, etc. The 
information gained this way is often impossible to check, so 
the author is bound to accept it as true until the reverse is 
proved by control sources.  
The literature relating to István Bodroghy Papp is very 
limited and he was sometimes even mixed up with one of his 
brothers: József Bodroghy Papp. Such mistakes were corrected 
in each case. After having processed the data of the epistles 
and the scanty literature there still remained a lot of open 
questions, so archival research was also carried out (in Vas, 
Győr-Moson-Sopron and Békés County) to present the 
possibly fullest picture of the person in question and his 
family. Unfortunately, even these efforts could not bring fully 
satisfying results, but the unfolded problems hopefully could 
be answered with time.  
The second part called Faragószék [Carving-stool] 
presents a selection of István Bogroghy Papp’s poems. There 
was no place to analyze all the poems of the manuscript and 
on the other hand, they were used only as a tool to find an 
answer to the question concerning – firstly – the favorite 
authors of the members of the contemporary literate society 
and – secondly – whether they were able to internalize their 
works in such a depth that they became capable to follow suit 
and create own works. István Bodroghy Papp did have his 
favorite poets and taking them as an example he managed to 
internalize their work and became able to create his own 
poems which diverged from their models sometimes only 
slightly and sometimes more substantially.  
 
 
  
III. New Results 
 
The novelty of the thesis lies in the presentation of a poet and 
his book of poems – the full content of which has been 
annexed to the first volume of the dissertation – until now 
having been unknown by the history of literature.  
It was migration that – demonstrably from the 18
th
 
century – determined the life of István Bodroghy Papp and his 
family. It was not a unique feature in this epoch, still the 
results extend and enlarg the social and family-history 
researches relating to this matter, most importantly those of 
Adrienn Szilágyi and István M. Szijártó, who study the noble 
families of Somogy and Békés Counties resembling to the 
Bodroghy Papp family. Still, István Bdoroghy Papp’s case can 
be considered peculiar, since he left the western part of the 
country to move to the periphery i.e. to the eastern region left 
unpopulated by the Turkish wars. As he put it in one of his 
epistles: „Itt szegénységemen jobban segéthetek / Jobban gyül 
csürömbe az isten áldása / Jobban vagyon rajtom bőség 
áradása.” [“I can make a better living here/ The blessing of 
God pours into my barn/ An influx of plethora is felt here.”] 
István Bodroghy Papp’s life also presents a good 
opportunity to study the career chances of the noblemen in the 
Reform Age. He could have followed his father’s example 
who had acquired the tailor’s craft often chosen by 
impoverished noblemen. However, his father, who certainly 
felt the limits of his profession, oriented his children to the 
intellectual career by having them learned. As a Lutheran 
member of the lower nobility two ways remained open for the 
young István Bodrogy Papp: to be a pastor or a civil servant. 
The fact that he chose the latter was a typical decision of the 
epoch, since the existence of a pastor offered only little chance 
for social advancement (i.e. by becoming a bishop) and the 
income of this profession was also quite limited.  
The dissertation also uses the relationship-network 
analyse, which method has been widely used by the sociology 
researchers since the 1990s. As a result of this, 22 persons are 
introduced in 4 groups whom István Bodroghy Papp must 
have been in personal contact. The first group includes those 
teachers, who motivated him to write poems, with special 
emphasis to his years at the Lyceum of Sopron.  
The second group contains his student-mates at the 
Lyceum of Sopron and the Law Academy of Győr. Two of 
them (Antal Tulok and Lajos Guoth) were his countrymen 
with whom Bodroghy Papp might have remained in touch 
after his move to the Great Plain.  
The third group features his young protégés whom he 
met in Mezőberény. Most prominent of them was the future 
Lutheran bishop: József Székács with whom he remained in 
contact until his death. Mention also should be made of the 
future poets: Lajos Szakál and Gyula Sárosi and also Lajos 
Haan, who later probably became a historian. While studying 
at the Mezőberény Grammar School they often visited István 
Bodroghy Papp to discuss about poetry, writing poems and 
questions of the language reform.  
The fourth group includes people whom he met in his 
dwelling place, with special regard to Endre Pázmándi 
Horváth and Terézia Orczy.  
Expanding the similar researches of Árpád Tóth the 
dissertation also emphasises the determining role of the 
Lutheran Church in the life of the contemporary people, which 
might have been crucial when choosing school, determining 
the possible destinations of the migration and later in the 
course of advancement on the professional career or while 
playing an active part in the local congregational life.  
Last but not least the dissertation emphasises that the 
members of this low nobility family had sound education 
background– including already the first known ancestor: 
Gergely Bodroghy. As a poof of this statement the study aims 
at reconstructing (for lack of a testimony) the content of the 
Bodroghy Papp Family’s library, which must have been richer 
than what seems to be the case based on the subscriber’s lists 
and the references to be found in the poems.  
Based on the analysis of the poems of the Faragószék 
manuscript it can be said that István Bodroghy Papp belonged 
to the third-rate poets. While some of the poems offer cathartic 
experience, the style, wording, composition and quality most 
of the poems lag behind the works of the great poets of the 
epoch. Bodroghy Papp did not possess outstanding poetical 
qualities and he did not even seem to develop during writing. 
On the contrary: when proceeding with reading his poems they 
seem to be even poorer and of lesser quality.  
He took the poems of Sándor Kisfaludy, Dániel 
Berzsenyi and Mihály Csokonai Vitéz as his starting point 
when writing poems with drawing tropes, poetical forms, ideas 
and poetical pictures from them. He did not follow them to the 
extremes, so he cannot be considered their epigon, rather he 
was a dilettante, partly, because he lacked the necessary talent 
and partly, because he voiced his momentary feelings, actual 
existence and state of mind in his poems. Due to the fact that 
the individual and collective knowledge appears 
simultaneously in his works István Bodroghy Papp can be 
categorised as an author of the popular poetry, although 
belonging the higher level of this group. This statement is 
supported by the fact that he used not the favourite poems of 
Mihály Csokonai Vitéz as they have been compiled by István 
Csörsz Rumen, but the little-known poems of Csokonai 
indicating that he must have been well-versed in the poetry of 
his poet idols.  
The real value of István Bodroghy Papp’s book of 
poems called Faragószék [Carving-stool] lies in the fact that it 
provides useful material for the reception history of the epoch. 
His poems reflect not only his most inspiring readings but also 
the common historical awareness and the respect of traditions.  
 
 
  
IV. Relevant publications 
 
2017 – A Bodroghy Papp család, adalékok a kemenesaljai 
evangélikus kisnemesség vallásosságához [The 
Bodroghy Papp Family. Contributions to the Religious 
Life of the Lutheran Low-Nobility in the Kemenesalja 
Region], Győri Tanulmányok, 38(2017), 147–159. 
2015. – A Bodroghy Pappok – Betekintés egy 19. századi 
jogtudó nemesi család történetébe [The 
BodroghyPapps. Looking into the History of an 18th 
Century Lawyer Noble Family], Győri Tanulmányok, 
35(2015), 143–160. 
2013. – A Bodzafa Lantos, Kisfaludy-hatások Bodroghy Papp 
István műveiben [The Bodzafa Lantos. Kisfaludy 
Influences in István Bodroghy Papp’s Poetry] = 
Doromb, Közköltészeti tanulmányok, 2, szerk. CSÖRSZ 
Rumen István, Bp., Reciti, 69–85. 
2012. – Csesznek váráról. Adalékok a 19. századi rege 
műfajtörténetéhez [About the Castle of Csesznek. 
Materials to the Genre-History of Saga in the 19th 
Century], Arrabona, 50/1, 165–193. 
 
 
 


Irodalom és művelődés a reformkori Dunántúlon : Bodroghy Papp István költészete

Enyedi, Tamás

Recycled Religions: Egypt in Fin de Siécle Hermetic and Thelemic Thought

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