Althea Medical Journal
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Profile of Apoptotic Marker Genes and Histopathology of the Placenta in Pregnancies with Pre-Eclampsia
Get PDFBackground: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy and a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Failure of spiral artery remodeling due to abnormal apoptosis, triggers disturbances in the mother and the baby’s growth. This study aimed to identify the profile of apoptotic marker genes and histopathological features of the placenta in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia.Methods: This study had used case-control method. Samples were taken from normal pregnancies (n=25) and pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (n=25) using a purposive sampling method from several hospitals in Jambi. qRT-PCR was used to examine apoptotic gene expression from placental tissue and hematoxyline eosin staining to view the placenta’s microscopic appearance. The targeted genes were BCL2-associated X (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Histopathological changes of the placenta observed were syncytial node, cytotrophoblast, villous edema, hypervascularization, fibrosis stroma, atherosis, infarction, and thrombosis.Results: Relative BAX genes expression were increased once in placenta pre-eclampsia compared to controls, but not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). There was no difference between the decline of BCL-2 gene expression in pre-eclampsia placenta compared to the control (p-value >0.05). Histopathological changes in the placenta were syncytial node and cytotrophoblast (25 of 25), villous edema (19 of 25), hypervascularization (24 of 25), fibrosis stroma (22 of 25), atherosis (12 of 25), infarction (17 of 25), and thrombosis (24 of 25).Conclusion: The expression of BAX genes in pre-eclampsia tends to increase compared to normal pregnancy, and the expression of BCL-2 decreases. The histopathological features of pre-eclampsia pregnancy placenta are mostly syncytial nodes, cytotrophoblasts, stromal fibrosis, and thrombosis
Pregnant Human Myometrial 1-41 Cell Viability Test on Vitamin D Administration
Get PDFBackground: Preterm labor is one of the universal causes of perinatal mortality worldwide. One of the causes of preterm labor is uterine muscle integrity problems. Some mechanistic studies show insight into vitamin D activity’s possible role in the injured muscle. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D can increase muscle cell viability.Methods: This experimental research used human smooth muscle uterine myometrium cell line pregnant human myometrial (PHM) 1-41. The cells were cultured for 24 hours in hypoxia condition, then incubated with several doses of vitamin D. The PHM1-41 cell viability was measured using spectrophotometry. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 24.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result showed that the minimum level of muscle cell viability after vitamin D incubation was with 300 nM administration, and the maximum level was after 10nM (88.57%+4.48 and 96.21%+2.13 respectively).Conclusions: Vitamin D at a specific dose can improve cell availability. The optimal dose to improve cell viability is 10 nM.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Hyperglycemia: Retrospective Cohort Study from a COVID-19 Referral Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 often causes severe complications in patients with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Conversely, inflammation caused by infection may also trigger insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia and is related to the disease severity. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia at one of the COVID-19 referral hospitals in Bandung, Indonesia.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used secondary data from medical records of COVID-19 patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from March 2020 to March 2021. This study included all patients with confirmed COVID-19, aged >18 years, and had at least one blood glucose test at admission. Patients were grouped based on three possible types of hyperglycemia, namely diabetes mellitus, reactive hyperglycemia, and steroid-induced hyperglycemia; then their characteristics and disease outcomes were compared. Results: This study identified 1,114 patients’ medical records and included 1,013 data in the analysis. Hyperglycemia occurred in 45.1% of COVID-19 patients. The most common hyperglycemia types were diabetes mellitus (55.7%), reactive hyperglycemia (37.4%), and steroid-induced hyperglycemia (7%). The steroid-induced hyperglycemia group had similar characteristics as the diabetes group. The reactive hyperglycemia group exhibited a metabolic syndrome pattern resembling pre-diabetic conditions. The highest rates of severe disease and mortality were seen in the steroid-induced hyperglycemia group, followed by the diabetes group.Conclusions: There is an elevated prevalence of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The steroid-induced hyperglycemia group has the most unfavorable outcomes. These observations emphasize the importance of identifying hyperglycemic conditions to improve management and outcomes
Prognostic Nutritional Index and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index: Possible New Parameters for COVID-19 Severity
Get PDFBackground: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) parameter has been widely used in estimating the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, investigating the role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in determining the COVID-19 severity is prospective. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PNI and SII parameters to distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 209 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Data were collected from August 2021 to February 2022 in Indonesia’s general COVID-19 referral hospital. Demographic and laboratory data, including PNI and SII, were analyzed and compared between the severe and non-severe symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The statistical analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) was conducted to predict the potential of these parameters in distinguishing the COVID-19 severity. Results: More than half of this study’s patients (54.55%) were non-severe COVID-19. The SII values in patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher than in those with non-severe symptoms (2,445.24 vs. 1,423.28, p=0.005). In contrast, the PNI value in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms was significantly lower than those with non-severe symptoms (38.04 vs. 33.93, p2,212.787. PNI and SII were the potential new diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 severity.Conclusion: PNI and SII parameters can potentially distinguish the severity of symptoms of COVID-19
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Healthy Feeding Behavior of Mothers on the Nutritional Status of Elementary School Students
No full textBackground: Some children aged 6-9 years have started to enter the pre-pubertal rapid growth period. Therefore, the need for nutritious food has begun to increase significantly. The role of mothers in providing food is very much needed. This study aimed to discover the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of mothers in healthy feeding on the nutritional status of children.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in July–August 2019. The sample was mothers and their children who were in grades I to III of public and private elementary schools in Penjaringan, Jakarta. The total sampling method was conducted, and data collected included age, gender, height, weight, and mother’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior in healthy feeding Data was analyzed using Chi-square. The nutritional status of the students was calculated using the 2010 anthropometric standards of the Ministry of Health.Results: Of the 348 mothers included, there were 310 mothers (89.1%) with high level of knowledge, 86.5% of mothers had a positive attitude, and 75.3% had good behavior in healthy feeding. The nutritional status of the children was predominantly normal (46.2%) and overweight (34.8%). There was a significant relationship between maternal behavior in giving healthy food and children nutritional status (p=0.046).Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the mother's behavior in offering healthy food and the children nutritional status. Therefore, parents should pay more attention to behavior in providing healthy food to children
Risk Factors for Patients with Gonococcal Urethritis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in 2013–2019
Get PDFBackground: Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection in Southeast Asia. Many factors cause gonococcal urethritis, and each region has its characteristics. This study aimed to determine the risk factors among patients with gonococcal urethritis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a retrospective and total sampling method, reviewing the gonococcal urethritis patient medical records obtained from Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2013 to 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical manifestations, and sexual or risky behaviors data were collected.Results: Among 97 males with gonococcal urethritis, unmarried males (54.6%) and the age category of 20–24 years (35.1%) were predominant, with high school education/equivalent (58.8%). Based on their sexual behavior, the majority had more than one sexual partner in the past month (63.9%) and had never used a condom when having sex (55.7%). Additionally, there was also a group of man who had sex with man (MSM) (14.4%) and illicit drug users (19.5%).Conclusions: Males in the young adult age group, single, have a high education level, have multiple sexual partners, and never used a condom during having sex, have a higher risk of having gonococcal urethritis. Identifying these most reported risk factors may help health care providers design effective prevention strategies. Unmarried young adults should be a primary focus in receiving educational programs. They should be informed regarding the impact of multiple sexual partners, condom usage, and illicit drug on gonococcal urethritis infection among men
Relationship between Clean, Healthy Living Behaviour, and COVID-19 Infection at the Parigi Public Health Center, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One form of prevention is implementing Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, PHBS) at the household level. This study aimed to analyze the association between PHBS at the household level and COVID-19 cases at the Parigi Public Health Center, West Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was an unmatched case control study carried out in September–October 2021 with respondents from Parigi Public Health Center, Pangandaran Regency, involving 63 people for each case and control group. Sampling was conducted by the non-probability method. Data were collected using a checklist to measure the implementation of PHBS at the household level. Data were analyzed by statistical analysis, using the Chi-square or Fisher Exact test and Odds Ratio.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the implementation of PHBS at the household level and the incidence of COVID-19 (p=0.668).Conclusions: The implementation of PHBS at the household level is not related to the incidence of COVID-19. Further studies are needed with larger population, looking for causal relationship, and controlling for confounding variables
Knowledge Level of COVID-19 Prevention in Banjar Gambang Communities, Seraya Village, Karangasem, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Problems to COVID-19 are closely related to the level of knowledge and community prevention. Therefore, to overcome COVID-19, increased knowledge and prevention are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between prevention and knowledge level about COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling approach was conducted in Banjar Gambang, Karangasem, Indonesia, in April 2022. The knowledge level and preventive behavior towards COVID-19 were measured using the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Index (CPBI) and the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 (KAPCOV-19) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0.Results: A total of 52 respondents were included, who had excellent level of knowledge (44.2%) and moderate prevention behaviour (48.1%). A strong and significant correlation was found between the preventive index and the knowledge levels of COVID-19 (r = 0.548; p<0.001). The level of knowledge was significantly related to the level of preventive behavior (p= 0.003), as well as the education level (r = 0.323; p = 0.02) and age (r= -0.346; p=0.012).Conclusion: The level of knowledge and the individual prevention behavior toward COVID-19 are directly proportional to each other. Those who have a low level of knowledge, might affect their prevention behavior toward COVID-19, therefore, personalized socialization of COVID-19 prevention is still required
Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Use of Face Mask with Acne among Health Workers at General Hospitals in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus a global emergency transmitted by droplets. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks can help lower the viral infection risk. However, prolonged use of PPE can cause skin lesions and aggravate acne. Acne that develops because of the usage of masks is called mask acne (maskne). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers regarding the use of face masks can help minimize the occurrence of maskne. This study aimed to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude ,and practices of the use of face masks with mask acne among health workers in general hospitals in Mataram City, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic observational study involving health workers from type b and c general hospitals in the city of Mataram, specifically the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital and the Mataram University Hospital. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of using masks, then analyzed using Lambda test.Results: In total, 104 respondents were included, of whom 39.4% (n=41) had good knowledge, 35.6% (n=37) had a good attitude towards the use of masks, and 25.0% (n=26) had good practice. Interestingly, 42.3% (n=44) had experienced maskne. Lambda test showed that a relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the usage of masks and the incidence of maskne (p = 0.014; p = 0.000; p = 0.006).Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health workers regarding the usage of masks with the prevalence of mask acne at the general hospitals type b and c in the Mataram City. This study implies is that health workers can prevent the occurrence of mask acne, which can make the work of health workers more difficult