Althea Medical Journal
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Antipyretic Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume Infusion in Fever-induced Rat Models
Get PDFBackground: Fever is a frequent clinical sign encountered in human especially in children. Unfortunately, access to health care and medications (antipyretics) are hampered by shortage of services and affordability, which are accentuated by local resources mainly for those living in remote areas. Therefore, using herbal medicineas an alternative in treating fever should be developed as substituent reliance on synthetic antipyretic. This study is conducted to observe antipyretic effect of Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume infusion using Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) vaccine-induced fever in rats.Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (150200 g) were randomly allocated into control and treatment groups. Fever was induced with DTP vaccine intramuscularly injected (0.7 mL/200 g body weight) and 4 hours later, distilled water (5 mL) was administered orally to the control group while the treatment group received 5 mL of 3%, 6%, and 12% of cinnamon infusion. Rectal temperature was measured before the pretreatment, 4 hours afterDTP vaccine-induced fever injection and at a 30-minute interval during 180 minutes after the infusion administration. All procedures and protocols were performed in October 2012 at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.Results: Data analysis using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant reduction (p0.05) dari suhu rektal, dimungkinkan karena durasi kerja yang singkat dari Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume.Simpulan: Efek antipiretik pada pemberian dosis 6% dan 12% infusa Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume pada tikus yang diinduksi demam ditemukan pada 30 menit pertama.Kata kunci: Antipiretik, Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume, demam, pengobatan herbal DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.35
Nigella sativa Infusion as an Antioxidant Agent Against Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Damaged in Mice
Get PDFBackground: Gentamicin is one of the most common antibiotics related to nephrotoxicity. It has been proposed that the nephrotoxicity is associated with the generation of the reactive oxygen species. Thymoquinone, an active compound of Nigella sativa, shows to have an antioxidant property. The study aims to identify the possible nephroprotective action of Nigella sativa infusion against gentamicin-induced kidney damaged in mice.Methods:This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Cell Biology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung from 10th November 2012 to 14th December 2012. There were four groups, each consisting of 6 mice. Group I (control negative), group II (gentamicin 100 mg/kg), group III (3.9 mg Nigella sativa infusion+gentamicin 100mg/kg) and group IV (7.8 mg Nigella sativa infusion+gentamicin 100mg/kg). The kidneys were evaluated histopathologically by light microscope. The percentage average number of normal proximal tubules in group I and the percentage average number of proximal tubules damaged in group II, III and IV were measured.Results: The results showed the percentage average number of the proximal tubules damaged in group II, III and IV were 14.53%, 7.49% and 3.94% respectively. Significant differences were observed between group II and III, group II and IV, and group III and IV.Conclusion:Nigella sativa infusion protects against gentamicin-induced kidney damage in mice.Keywords: gentamicin, kidney, Nigella sativa infusion Infusa Nigella sativa sebagai Antioksidan Terhadap Kerusakan Ginjal padaTikus yang Diinduksi Gentamisin LatarBelakang: Gentamisin adalah salah satu antibiotik yang paling sering dihubungkan dengan nefrotoksisitas. Nefrotoksisitas yang terjadi berhubungan dengan pembentukan reactive oxygen species. Thymoquinone, senyawa aktif Nigella sativa, telah terbukti memiliki sifat antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sifat nefroprotektif infusa Nigella sativa terhadap kerusakan ginjal pada tikus yang diinduksi gentamisin.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Departemen Biologi Sel, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung dari 10 November 2012 –14 Desember 2012. Ada empat kelompok masing-masing terdiri atas 6 tikus. Kelompok I (control negatif), kelompok II (gentamisin 100 mg /kg), kelompok III (3,9 mg Nigella sativainfus + gentamisin 100mg/kg) dan kelompok IV (7,8 mg Nigella sativa infus + gentamisin 100mg/kg). Ginjal kemudian dievaluasi secara histopatologi dengan mikroskop cahaya. Persentase rata-rata jumlah tubulus proksimal yang normal dalam kelompok I dan persentase rata-rata jumlah tubulus proksimal rusak dalam kelompok II, III dan IV diukur.Hasil: Persentase rata-rata jumlah tubulus proksimal rusak dalam kelompok II, III dan IV adalah 14,53%, 7,49% dan 3,94%. Perbedaan signifikan yang diamati adalah pada kelompok II dengan III, kelompok II dengan IV, serta kelompok III dan IV.Simpulan: Infusa Nigella sativa infuse melindungi terhadap kerusakan ginjal yang diinduksi gentamisin pada tikus.Kata kunci: gentamisin, ginjal, infusa Nigella sativaDOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.35
Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata Folium) on Mice (Mus musculus) Fetus
Get PDFBackground: Soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L) Folium) contains acetogenins which are cytotoxic and have the ability to halt cell growth. This study aimed to understand whether acetogenins have teratogenic effects on mice fetus (Mus musculus).Methods: This study was performed at the Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, between October and November 2012. The study was an experimental laboratory study utilizing 27 pregnant mice which were divided into 3 groups. The first group was the negative control, the second was given soursop leaf ethanol extract at pre-implantation phase (day 1 to 5) and the third had the extract provided in the organogenesis phase (day 6 to 15). Laparotomy was performed on the 19th day of pregnancy. The parameters used were the number of implantation, the number of live and dead or resorbed fetus, the weight and length of the fetus, as well as the macroscopic external morphology abnormalities. The data gained from test subjects were compared to those of the control group. The statistical test used was the normality tes with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method which was then followed by T-test or Mann-Whitney statistical tests.Results: The experiment exhibited significant differences in the weight and length of the fetus (p-value 0.000), proving that soursop leaf ethanol extract could inhibit intrauterine growth. Aside from that, external morphological abnormalities such as hemorrhage on the head, face, neck, back, forelimbs, hindlimbs, and microcephaly were also found.Conclusion: The soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L) Folium) has a teratogenic effect on mouse (Mus musculus) fetus. [AMJ.2014;1(1):48–53]Key words: Acetogenins, Soursop leaf ethanol extract, TeratogenicEfek Teratogenik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) terhadap Fetus Mencit (Mus musculus) Latar belakang: Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) mengandung senyawa aktif Acetogenins yang bersifat sitotoksik atau dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek teratogenik Acetogenins terhadap fetus mencit (Mus musculus).Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadaran periode Oktober–November 2012. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode sampel acak menggunakan 27 ekor mencit hamil yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok. Kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok 2 diberikan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak pada masa praimplantasi (hari ke-1 sampai ke-5), dan kelompok 3 menerima ekstrak pada masa organogenesis (hari ke-6 sampai ke-15). Laparotomi dilakukan pada hari ke-19 kehamilan. Parameter yang digunakan berupa jumlah hasil implantasi, jumlah fetus hidup, jumlah fetus mati atau resorbsi, berat dan panjang badan fetus, serta abnormalitas morfologi eksternal fetus yang dinilai secara makroskopis. Data yang didapat pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas data dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan dilanjutkan dengan uji T- atau Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada berat dan panjang fetus mencit (nilai p 0,000), sehingga ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terbukti menghambat pertumbuhan intrauteri. Selain itu ditemukan juga kelainan morfologi eksternal seperti perdarahan pada kepala, wajah, leher, punggung, tangan, kaki, dan mikrosefali.Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) memiliki efek teratogenik terhadap fetus mencit (Mus musculus).Kata kunci: Acetogenins, ekstrak etanol daun sirsak, teratogenik DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.29
Nutritional Status of Schizophrenic Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Psychiatry in Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital
No full textBackground: Currently, schizophrenia is associated with many health problems due to weight changes caused by lifestyle changes and consumption of antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Nutritional status assessment is needed in order to lower the comorbidity through early detection of risk factors.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 94 schizophrenic patients selected using consecutive sampling in October 2012 in Psychiatry Outpatient Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. An anthropometric measurement was verified (body mass index and waist circumference), physical activity level, type of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used and duration of treatment acquired from medical records.Results: Among the subjects, 29.8% were 28–37 years old, with 69.1% males and 30.9% females. Most of them suffered from paranoid schizophrenia (71.3%). The body mass index (BMI) of 46.8% subjects were normal, 45.74% were overweight, whereas 7.45% were underweight. Male subjects mostly had smaller waist circumference (78%) compared to females who were dominantly above normal (52%). Physical activity levels were mostly sedentary (76%). Single typical APD were dominantly prescribed (46%). Subjects with normal BMI were mostly found among single typical APDs prescribers (53.5%), whereas the majority of atypical APDs users were overweight (61.9%). A total of 63% subjects had been prescribed APDs for 1–5 years, dominated by subjects with normal body mass index (78%).Conclusions: The majority of study subjects (46.8%) were found normal in terms of the body mass index. Male subjects mostly had normal waist circumference (78%) while females have a higher risk with measurement above normal as a more dominant finding (52%). [AMJ.2014;1(1):40–7]Keywords: Nutritional Status, Pscychiatry, SchizophreniaStatus Gizi Pasien Skizofrenia di Departemen Psikiatri Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungLatar Belakang: Saat ini Skizofrenia merupakan suatu penyakit mental dengan komorbiditas yang tinggi akibat perubahan gaya hidup, faktor predisposisi, dan dampak mengonsumsi obat antipsikotik yang membuat penderita kerap mengalami perubahan berat badan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan deteksi dini perubahan berat badan pada pasien skizofrenia sebagai pertimbangan penyusunan tatalaksana yang komprehensif.Metode: Studi deskriptif potong lintang ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui status gizi pasien skizofrenia di Klinik Rawat Jalan Departemen Psikiatri Sub Bagian Dewasa Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Pengukuran Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar pinggang dilakukan pada 94 pasien skizofrenia dewasa. Wawancara mengenai pekerjaan juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat aktifitas fisik, riwayat pengobatan responden didapatkan melalui rekam medis.Hasil: Dari 94 responden (65 pria dan 29 wanita) mayoritas berusia 28–37 tahun (29.8%). Sebanyak 46.8% responden memiliki IMT normal, 45.74% responden adalah overweight, dan 7.45% termasuk dalam kategori underweight. Responden pria memiliki ukuran lingkar pinggang yang mayoritas normal (78%), sedangkan wanita sebagian besar memiliki ukuran lingkar pinggang di atas normal (52%). Tingkat aktifitas fisik responden rata-rata tergolong ringan (67%). Kebanyakan responden diberikan obat antipsikotik tipikal tunggal (46%) dan sebanyak 63% telah mengonsumsi obat antipsikotik selama 0–5 tahun.Simpulan: Mayoritas responden memiliki IMT yang normal dengan ukuran lingkar pinggang wanita lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pria.Kata Kunci: Status Gizi, Psikiatri, Skizofrenia DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.29
Effects of Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urb Juice in Hampering Blood Glucose in Rat Models
Get PDFBackground : The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia tends to increase and is predicted to reach 21.3 millions in 2030. Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urb. is one of the traditional medicine frequently used in diabetes treatment.The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of bengkoang juice in hampering blood glucose increase.Methods : Fourty alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used in this study. After 16 hours of fasting, the blood glucose was measured using glucometer EasyTouch Blood Glucose/Cholesterol/Uric Acid Multi-Function Monitoring System. The positive control group was given 7 ml of distilled water and 50% glucose solution with 2.5 g/kg dosage while the study group were given 7 ml of bengkoang juice and 50% glucose solution with 2.5 g/kg dosage. Blood glucose was re-checked after 2 hours. This procedure was performed in October 2012.The results were analyzed using Student’s T-test with α = 0.05.Results: The result shows a significant difference in blood glucose increase between the control and study groups with a score of 121.11 mg/dL and 324.45 mg/dL respectively. This result shows that bengkoang juice increases blood glucose level in Wistar rats.Conclusions: In conclusion, bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urb. juice has no effect in hampering the blood glucose level increase in Wistar rats. [AMJ.2014;1(1):25–9]Keywords: Alloxan, blood glucose, diabetes mellitus, Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urb. Pengaruh Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urb Juice dalam Menghambat Glukosa Darah pada TikusLatar Belakang: Prevalensi diabetes mellitus di Indonesia cenderung meningkat dan diperkirakan mencapai 21,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus ( L ) Urb adalah salah satu obat tradisional yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan diabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai efektivitas jus bengkoang dalam menghambat peningkatan glukosa darah.Metode: Empat puluh tikus Wistar yang telah diinduksi diabetes aloksan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah 16 jam puasa, glukosa darah diukur dengan menggunakan glucometer Glukosa Darah EasyTouch / Kolesterol / Asam Urat Monitoring System Multi- Function . Kelompok kontrol positif diberi 7 ml air suling dan larutan glukosa 50 % dengan 2,5 g / kg dosis sedangkan kelompok studi diberi 7 ml jus bengkoang dan larutan glukosa 50 % dengan 2,5 g / kg dosis . Glukosa darah diperiksa kembali setelah 2 jam. Prosedur ini dilakukan pada hasil Oktober 2012 dianalisis menggunakan T -test Student dengan α = 0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam peningkatan glukosa darah antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok studi dengan skor 121.11 mg / dL dan 324,45 mg / dL masing-masing . Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa jus bengkoang meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus Wistar .Simpulan: Bengkoang ( Pachyrhizus erosus ( L ) Urb jus tidak berpengaruh dalam menghambat kenaikan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus Wistar .Kata kunci: Aloksan , glukosa darah , diabetes mellitus , Pachyrhizus erosus ( L ) Urb. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.29
Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp.in House Flies in Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Diarrhea is a common problem in Indonesia and mostly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp., transmitted by house flies. The incidence of acute diarrhea has been rising over the years. The aim of this study is to determine if Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. can be found in house flies in Jatinangor.Methods: A descriptive study was done, involving 20 samples of house flies caught from houses and street vendors in Jatinangor during the period of March 2012 to January 2013. Bacteria were isolated from house flies and identified using various biochemical tests.Results: Shigella sp. was isolated from 5% of the house flies caught in Jatinangor. The house flies caught from the street vendors revealed a higher percentage of bacteria than those caught from houses.Conclusion: Only Shigella sp. can be isolated from house flies in Jatinangor. However, a small percentage of Shigella sp. was also found from the house flies captured around Jatinangor. [AMJ.2014;1(1):17–20]Keywords: house flies, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp. pada Lalat Rumah di JatinangorLatar Belakang: Di Indonesia, diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi dan sebagian besar disebabkan oleh bakteri pathogen seperti Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp yang terdapat pada lalat rumah. Angka kejadian diare akut terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan bakteri Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp. pada lalat rumah di Jatinangor.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang melibatkan 20 sampel lalat rumah yang ditangkap dari rumah dan pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di Jatinangor selama periode Maret 2012–Januari 2013. Bakteri diisolasi dari lalat rumah dan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan berbagai tes biokimia.Hasil: Shigella sp. diisolasi dari 5 % lalat rumah yang tertangkap di Jatinangor . Lalat rumah yang ditangkap dari PKL mempunyai persentase yang lebih tinggi daripada bakteri yang ditangkap dari rumah.Simpulan: Hanya Shigella sp. yang dapat diisolasi dari lalat rumah di Jatinangor. Sebagian kecil dari Shigella sp. juga ditemukan dari lalat rumah yang ditangkap di sekitar Jatinangor.Kata kunci: lalat rumah , Salmonella sp , Shigella sp DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.29
Effects of Analgesic Advertisements on Community in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Currently, there are numerous analgesic advertisements which have been published in various media and have also attracted attention of the society. The aim of this study is to find out effects of analgesic advertisements on awareness and attention towards these advertisements on the community in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor.Methods: The study used the descriptive method with participants consisting of community members in Hegarmanah Village who have seen, watched or heard about the analgesic advertisements and who were aged 18 years and above. The sample for this study consisted of 100 respondents. This study was conducted in September 2012–December 2012.Results: The results showed that 82% of the respondents have seen the ads in at least the last 3 months and mostly watched them on television. About 52% of respondents agreed that many of the ads did not provide sufficient information. In addition, 50% only read a little bit of the ads rather than the whole advertisement. Fifty three percents of the respondents had the intention to try the medication after seeing the ads. More than 80% were aware about how to use the medication, medication’s side effects, warnings and contraindications and 65% agreed that, they could make a better decision on their health condition after seeing the ads.Conclusions: The analgesic advertisements indeed affected the community by making them aware about the ads and attracted them to buy as well as try the product itself. Further studies on factors which influence intake of over-the-counter analgesic drugs and also about the self-medication are required. [AMJ.2014;1(2):1–6]Keywords: Analgesic advertisements, effects, society Pengaruh Iklan Analgesik terhadap Masyarakat di Desa Hegarmanah, JatinangorLatar Belakang: Saat ini, banyak iklan analgesik yang ditayangkan di beberapa media dan telah menarik perhatian masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklan analgesik terhadap kesadaran dan pemahaman mengenai obat analgesik pada masyarakat di Desa Hegarmanah, Jatinangor.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melibatkan partisipan yang terdiri dari anggota masyarakat di Desa Hegarmanah yang telah melihat, menyaksikan atau mendengar tentang iklan analgesik dan berusia 18 tahun ke atas. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 100 responden. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2012-Desember 2012.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 82% dari responden telah melihat iklan di setidaknya 3 bulan terakhir dan sebagian besar menonton di televisi. Sekitar 52% dari responden setuju bahwa banyak dari iklan tidak memberikan informasi yang cukup. Selain itu, 50% hanya membaca sedikit iklan daripada seluruh iklan. Lima puluh tiga persen dari responden memiliki niat untuk mencoba obat setelah melihat iklan. Lebih dari 80% yang sadar tentang penggunakan, efek samping, peringatan dan kontraindikasi obat dan 65% setuju bahwa, mereka bisa membuat keputusan yang lebih baik tentang kondisi kesehatan mereka setelah melihat iklan.Simpulan: Iklan analgesik memang memengaruhi masyarakat dengan membuat mereka paham tentang obat yang diiklankan dan menarik mereka untuk membeli serta mencoba produk tersebut. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan obat analgesik yang dijual bebas dan juga tentang pengobatan sendiri masih diperlukan. Kata kunci: iklan analgesik, efek, masyarakat DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.34
Allergic Rhinitis Patient Characteristics in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Allergic rhinitis affects 500 million people worldwide, especially children and adolescents. This disease interferes with daily activities and productivity, leading to decreased quality of life. Allergic rhinitis is often accompanied by co-morbid conditions such as asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, urticaria and othersthat may worsen the disease. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period of 2010-2011 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using medical records of allergic rhinitis patients who visited the allergy clinic of the Otorhinolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery ( ORL ‒ HNS ) Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Results: There were 167 patients diagnosed as suffering from allergic rhinitis during the study time with more women (53.3%) affected compared to men (46.7%). Most of them were in the age group of 18-34 years old (52.7%) and their were student (53.3%). Most were suffered from moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma-World Health Organization (ARIA-WHO) classification (52.7%). Co-morbid conditions were found in 73.7% of subjects and the allergic conjunctivitis (59.9%) was the most common.Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis is most commonly found in people at school age and productive age. Most allergic rhinitis patients are classified into persistent moderate/severe, showing that the rhinitis symptom has already interfered with their daily activities and decreased their quality of life.Key words: Allergic Rhinitis, Co-morbid Condition, school age Karakteristik Pasien Rinitis Alergi di Rumah Sakit Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung Indonesia Abstrak Latar Belakang: Rinitis alergi memengaruhi 500 juta orang di seluruh dunia, terutama anak-anak dan remaja. Penyakit ini mengganggu kegiatan dan produktivitas sehari-hari serta menyebabkan kualitas hidup menurun. Rinitis alergi sering disertai dengan penyakit penyerta seperti asma, konjungtivitis, rhinosinusitis, urtikaria dan lain-lain yang dapat memperburuk penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dengan riinitis alergi periode 2010-2011 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien rinitis alergi yang mengunjungi klinik alergi Departemen Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorokan - Kepala dan Leher (THT-KL)) RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.Hasil: Ada 167 pasien yang didiagnosa menderita rinitis alergi selama usia sekolah. Perempuan lebih banyak yang terkena dampak (53,3%) dibandingkan dengan laki-laki (46,7%). Sebagian besar dari mereka berada di kelompok usia 18-34 tahun (52,7%) dan mereka adalah siswa (53,3%). Berdasarkan klasifikasi Organisasi Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma-World Health Organization (ARIA-WHO) (ARIA-WHO) sebagian besar menderita rinitis alergi persisten sedang-berat (52,7%). Kondisi co-morbid ditemukan di 73,7% dari subyek dan yang paling umum adalah konjungtivitis alergi (59,9%).Simpulan: Rinitis alergi paling sering ditemukan pada orang di usia sekolah dan usia produktif. Sebagian besar pasien rinitis alergi diklasifikasikan menjadi persisten sedang/berat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa gejala rinitis telah mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari dan menurunkan kualitas hidup mereka. Kata kunci: Rinitis alergi, Kondisi Co-morbid, usia sekolah DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.35
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi from Air Conditioners in Tutorial Rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
Get PDFBackground: Awareness about health problems caused by air conditioner is very important. Thus, it is crucial to have knowledge about proper maintenance of air conditioner. At the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, air conditioners are used in every tutorial rooms. This study was performed to provide adequate information on the fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor, found in air conditioners.Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was used to identify the presence and the type of pathogenic fungi from air conditioners in tutorial rooms. Thirty-four samples were collected from the air outlet grille of the air conditioners and cultured on Sabouraud agar at 27°C for 2 weeks. Fungi presence were then identified microscopicallyResults: The results showed that the majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of fungus that grew in Sabouraud agar. From 34 samples, thirty two samples were positive and 2 samples were negative. Various fungus have been identified, those were Penicillium (37.5%), Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2.5%) and unidentified (35%)Conclusions : The majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of opportunistic fungus. [AMJ.2014;1(1):21–4]Keywords : Air conditioner, Aspergillus, fungi, Mucor, Penicillium Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Patogen dari Pendingin Udara di Kamar Tutorial dari Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas PadjadjaranLatar Belakang: Kesadaran tentang masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pendingin udara sangat penting. Dengan demikian , sangat penting untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang perawatan yang tepat dari pendingin udara. Di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, pendingin udara digunakan di setiap kamar tutorial . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi yang memadai tentang jamur, seperti Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Mucor, yang ditemukan di pendingin udara. Metode: Sebuah studi laboratorium deskriptif digunakan untuk mengevaluasi keberadaan dan jenis jamur patogen dari pendingin udara di kamar tutorial. Tiga puluh empat sampel dikumpulkan dari kisi-kisi pendingin udara dan dikultur pada Sabouraud agar pada 27 °C selama 2 minggu. Pertumbuhan jamur kemudian diidentifikasi secara mikroskopis.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajdjaran terdapat banyak jamur yang dapat tumbuh di Sabaroaud agar, 32 hasil positif dan 2 hasil negatif untuk pertumbuhan jamur . Jamur yang tumbuh adalah Penicillium (37,5%, Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2,5%) dan tidak teridentifikasi (35%).Simpulan : Sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan jamur oportunistikKata kunci : Aspergillus, jamur , Mucor , Penicillium, pendingin udara DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.29
Larvacidal Effect of Imperata Cylindrical Root Decoction against Culex sp. Larvae
Get PDFBackground: Filariasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases. About 337 of 401 districts in Indonesia are endemic areas for filariasis, especially in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Papua. Culex sp. is one of the lymphatic filariasis vectors which can be controlled by insecticide, including larvacide. This study was conducted to determine the larvacidal effect of Imperata cylindrical root decoction against Culex sp. larvae.Methods: This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran during the period of September to November 2012. The study object was Culex sp. larvae III/IV instars. The design of this study was experimental laboratory using true experimental approach. The larvae were divided into three groups: negative control (distilled water), reference (Abate®), and decoction. The number of larvae in each group was 25 larvae, and the effects were evaluated by the total number of dead larvae in 48 hours under observation. The data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Probit test.Results: The result of the Mann-Whitney test to compare Imperata cylindrica root decoction treatment to distilled water as control was significant (p<0.05). However, Abate® gave a better result. The Probit test resultwas LC50: 63% and LC90: 489%.Conclusions: Imperata cylindrical root decoction has a larvacidal effect against Culex sp. larvae.Keywords: Culex sp., Filariasis, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Larvacidal, LC50 Pengaruh Larvasida Rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrical) terhadap Larva Nyamuk (Culex sp.) AbstrakLatar Belakang: Filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit tropis yang terabaikan. Sekitar 337 dari 401 kabupaten di Indonesia adalah daerah endemik untuk filariasis terutama di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Papua. Nyamuk (Culex Sp.) adalah salah satu vektor filariasis limfatik yang dapat dikendalikan oleh insektisida, termasuk larvasida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh larvasida dari rebusan akar alang-alang terhadap larva nyamuk (Culex sp.)Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran selama periode September-November 2012. Objek penelitian adalah larva nyamuk (Culex sp.) instar III / IV.. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental yang benar. Larva dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kontrol negatif (air suling), referensi (Abate®), dan rebusan. Jumlah larva dalam setiap kelompok adalah 25 larva, dan efek dievaluasi dengan jumlah total larva mati dalam 48 jam di bawah pengawasan. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji Probit. Hasil: Hasil uji Mann-Whitney untuk membandingkan pemberian rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) terhadap air suling sebagai kontrol adalah signifikan (p <0,05). Namun, Abate® memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil tes Probit adalah LC50: 63% dan LC90: 489%.Simpulan: Rebusan akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical) memiliki efek larvsidal terhadap larva nyamuk (Culex sp.) Kata kunci: Nyamuk (Culex sp.), Filariasis, Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv), Larvasida, LC50 DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n2.34