Althea Medical Journal
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Correlation of Body Mass Index and Health to Quality of Life among Medical Undergraduates
Get PDF Background: Overweight and obesity play a major role in an individual’s Health with Quality of Life (HRQOL). Several studies reported that there are differences between the results in different communities since HRQOL score in relation to BMI is sensitive to specific communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Health with Quality of Life among the Medical Undergraduates of Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from September to November 2012 in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 280 respondents aged 16-30 were selected from the of 2009, 2010 2011 and 2012 classes of medical undergraduates after a thorough BMI screening. The overweight and obese subjects were selected using total sampling method, while subjects with normal BMI were sampled using simple random sampling. The subjects were asked to fill up Short Form 36 questionnaires. The correlation was assessed using Spearman`s Correlation test and the difference between the groups were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Of the 260 respondents, there was a weak correlation between the BMI and total health with the quality of life of the undergraduates (rho = -0.173). Among the eight scales used, there was no correlation shown in three scales, namely body pain, social function, and mental health, in any of the groups. Conclusion: Increased body mass index impairs the health-related quality of life of the respondents, except in scales such as body pain, social function, and mental health.Keywords: Body mass index, health related to quality of life, Short Form 36 DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.424
Pattern of Intussusception on Infants and Children in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
No full textBackground: Intussusception is the most frequent cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants and toddlers. Incidence was reported at 1.5 to 4 cases for every 1000 live birth. In Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, 55 cases were reported between 2005–2008. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of intussusception patients at Department of Pediatric Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung periode 2009–2011.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study by using medical records of intussusceptions patient’s from January 2009 to December 2011. The information collected were age, gender, chief complaint, signs and symptoms, onset of symptoms, nutritional status, history of previous infection, type of intussusceptions, pathologic lead point, and complications; including bowel necrosis and sepsis. The collected data was analyzed and presented as percentages shown in tablesResults: There were 32 cases found, of which 84.4% affected well-nourished infants <1 year. Male was predominant (2:1). Bloody mucous stool was the major chief complaint (84.4%). Accompanying symptoms were pain due to colic, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal mass. Eleven patients were found with the onset of symptoms at ≤24 hours. Thirty-one percent (31%) cases were reported with the history of respiratory tract infection and 44% cases with the history of diarrhea. Most common type found was ileocolic. Pathologic lead point was only found in a single case.Conclusions: Intussusception cases in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital are decreasing, with the characteristics mainly affect well-nourished children, under 1 year old, predominantly male. The prominent chief complaint is bloody mucous stool, whereas ileocolic is the most common type with history of infection. [AMJ.2015;2(3):458–62] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.50
Clinical Characteristic and Outcome of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Get PDFBackground: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is the leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and has high morbidity and mortality in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to obtain the incidence, clinical characteristic, and outcome of ALRTI children with CHD.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted from January 2007–December 2011 to medical record of child patients with ALRTI and CHD in the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The diagnosis of CHD was determined by echocardiography. The collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage shown in tables.Results : From 3,897 children who had ALRTI, there were 149 children with CHD (3.8%), with 11.4% of whom founded with recurrent episodes. This happened often in girls than boys with quite similar ratio of 1.37: 1.The majority of children (80%) was under 1 year old of age, 72.5% with malnutrition, and 24.8% with severe malnutrition. Clinical symptoms mostly found were difficulty of breathing (98%), fever (85.2%), cough (75.2%), and runny nose (63.1%). The most common types of CHD were Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.6%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (47%). Bronchopneumonia (86.6%) was the common type of ALRTI. The length of stay was mostly less than 10 days (70.5%). From all the children 43.7% had complications, and 6.7% died.Conclusions: The ALRTI in children with CHD is not common and has good outcome. The majority for CHD lesions are Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Ventricular Septal Defect while for ALRTI is Bronchopneumonia. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.48
Isolation of Methicillin Resistant - Staphylococcus aureus in Midwifery Students Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran September–December 2012
Get PDFBackground: Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant bacteria to certain types of beta-lactam antibiotics. Commonly, the MRSA infection is acquired in hospitals, long-term care facilities, or similar institutional settings. Mid-wives are one of the health professional that have a major risk to get MRSA infection and could lead the infection among patients. This research is aimed to identify MRSA among the midwifery studentsMethods: A descriptive study was conducted from September–December 2012 at the Microbiology laboratory to identify the proportion of MRSA among the mid-wife students from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty-five samples were chosen using simple random sampling based on their registration number. The inclusion criterias were healthy students, and 18 to 22 years old. Both nostrils were sampled with a sterile culture swab on both the subject’s nostrils. Gram staining was done in order to identify the gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. The samples were inaculated in Mannitol salt agar (MSA), incubated for 24 hours and at 37 ̊ C. After 24 hours, catalase and coagulase tests were done. Moreover, for the susceptibility testing, the chosen media for this study was Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and with 30μg Cefoxitin disk. After incubation, the zone of inhibition of the colony less than ≤ 21mm was considered resistant to methicillin.Results: Colonization of MRSA was about 3 out from 25 samplesConclusions: The MRSA colonization in the anterior nasal does exist in midwife students, a further study with more samples should be conducted. [AMJ.2015;2(1):204–7
Knowledge of Personal Hygiene among Food Handlers in Canteen at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, October to November 2012
Get PDFBackground: Food borne diseases are caused by contamination of pathogenic microorganism and are still a major health problem throughout the world. There are 1,8 billion cases of diarrhea which mostly were caused by food contamination in 2005. Food handlers are at risk of contaminating microorganism towards food they handle. The process of transmission can be prevented by practicing good hygiene while processing and handling food. The objective of this study was assessing knowledge among food handlers regardingtheir personal and food hygiene at canteen in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted during the period of October to November 2012 to 14 food handlers in the Canteen at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran using 26 validated questions divided into 3 major parts, 14 questions for knowledge of hand washing, 9 questions for knowledge of utilization of clean water and 3 questions for knowledge of waste management. The scores were classified as good, moderate, and poor. Data were analyzed using frquency distribution.Results: Majority of the respondents was male and common age group was 20–29 years old. Eight of the respondents were senior high school graduates. Based on working experience, majority of food handlers had been working for one and three years. None of the respondents had good knowledge. Only 12 and 2respondents had moderate and poor knowledge, respectively.Conclusion: None of the respondents had good knowledge regarding hand washing, utilization of clean water and waste management. Therefore, there is a need in providing more education about those aspects.[AMJ.2015;2(1):245–9
Effect of Neem Leaves Extract (Azadirachta Indica) on Wound Healing
Get PDFBackground: Neem leaves (Azadirachta Indica) have active ingredients such as nimbidin and sodium nimbidate which possess/possesinganti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties that help in healing process and also contains an excellent nutrition which plays/playing a vital role information of collagen and formation of new capillaries. The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate healing activity of neem leaves.Methods: This experiment was conducted in Pharmacology Lab of Universitas Padjadjaran on October 2012. Twenty seven rats were grouped randomly into 3 groups and 1.5cm of excision wound was created. Negative control group was treated with a topical application of saline solution (sodium chloride0.9%), treatment group with a topical application of neem leaves extract and positive control group had been treated with a topical application of povidone-iodine for 15 days. Healing was assessed by the longest diameter of the raw surface of wound on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. The data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: There was a significant reduction in the longest diameter of wound in group of neem leaves extract, compared with group sodium chloride 0.9%,.and there was no significant difference in the longest diameter of wound between neem leaves, extract and povidone iodine. Conclusions: Neem leaves extract has the same wound healing rate compared to povidone iodine. A further study in human should be conducted in the future. [AMJ.2015;2(1):199–207
Health Seeking Behavior among Patients with Tuberculosis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in November 2012
Get PDFBackground: Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is the main referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia, treating yearly 1.000 tuberculosis cases of whom most are in severe condition. The severity of the disease is probably affected by the poor patient’s health seeking behavior.The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of patients with tuberculosis’s health seeking behavior before being treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in November 2012 on 56 patients in the Drug Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) to assess the number and type of health services visited prior to RSHS. The inclusion criteria were patients who were diagnosed with TB for the first time, aged at least 19 years old. The data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire and presented as percentage.Results: A total of 32 respondents (57%) sought for initial treatment by going to professional health care centers (the medical doctors, puskesmas, or hospitals), the rests sought for traditional treatment (7%), self-treatment (29%), or no medication prior to the treatment at RSHS (7%). Fifty five percent of respondents did more than one type of health seeking behavior. The average time between the first complaint until the respondents got treatment was 5 months.Conclusions: The patients with tuberculosis’s treatment seeking behavior is various prior to the treatment at RSHS and there are still patients who seek treatments to the non-profesional health care. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.49
Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Features in Pediatric Typhoid Fever Patient Susceptibility to First-line Antibiotic Therapy
Get PDFBackground: RTyphoid fever remainsa serious health problem in the world. The main cause of this disease is Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. These microbes have developed resistance to first-line antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoksazol) since 1950. Clinical presentation and laboratory features conducted in children infected with resistant strains tend to be more severe. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of clinical presentation and laboratory features in pediatric typhoid fever patient susceptibility to first-line antibiotics.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of total 119 typhoid fever children with positive blood culture of Salmonella Typhi based on medical data in Department of Child Health Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung during 2008–2012. Inclusion criteria included 76 patients with age range 1–15 years old, given an antibiotic, and had susceptibility test done. Numerical variable was the duration of fever in patients after given an antibiotic. Categorical variable included hepatomegaly, diarrhea, platelet count at admission, and leukocyte count at admission. Data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of fever, leucocyte count at admission, and thrombocyte count at admission between sensitive and resistant response to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoksazol (p>0.05). Leucocyte count at admission in children with sensitive and resistant strain to ampicillin almost showed a difference (p=0.07) but still not statistically significant difference.Conclusions: There is no difference of clinical presentation and laboratory features in pediatric typhoid fever patient susceptible to first-line antibiotics. [AMJ.2015;2(4):584–90] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.65
Frequency of Chronic Venous Disease among Nurses
Get PDF Background: Chronic vein diseases are quite common and its prevalence is also quite high in community. One of the risk factors is occupation with prolonged standing. Quality of life and work efficacy may become risk factors. This disease has not received any special consideration and response. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed on nurses working in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung (n=98; women=76, men=22). The study was conducted in November 2012 through collecting data on prevalence, risk factors, and clinical symptoms by using questionnaire. Chronic venous disease was observed by direct inspection in lower extremities. Diagnosis was concluded according to the Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiological criteria. Results: There was a high frequency, i.e. 86.7% (n=71), of chronic venous disease among nurses, with the age group of 20–29 years old (34.1%) as the age group that was mostly affected. Among female nurses, almost all of them experienced the disease (93.4%; n=71). Clinical symptoms felt by most nurses were heavy feeling on legs (82.3%) and cramps (55.3%).Conclusion: The frequency of chronic venous disease among nurses is high, 86.7% and almost all of the female nurses suffer from the disease. The high frequency in females could be caused by risk factors such as parity and hormonal contraception. Those who are mostly affected by the disease are within range of age 20–29 years old of age. Heavy legs and cramps are the most frequent clinical symptoms felt. Keywords: Chronic vein disease, frequency, nursesDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.432
Peripheral Arterial Disease among Diabetic Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung 2012
Get PDFBackground: As one of the most devastating complication in diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease is still under detected in health care services. This study aimed to reveal the frequency of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients in Endocrine and Metabolism Clinic in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted during the period of October to November 2012 in Endocrine and Metabolism Clinic in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. As many as 54 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in this study signed the informed consent form then underwent history taking, simple physical examination of lower extremities, and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement. Normality of the data distribution was calculated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Results: From a total 54 diabetic patients enrolled, it was found 18 cases of peripheral arterial disease, consisted of 10 patients with Ankle-Brachial Index measurement ≤0.9 and 8 patients with Ankle-Brachial Index measurement >1.4. Most of the cases occurred in the elderly group (>60 years old) and had been diagnosed diabetes less than 10 years.Conclusions: The frequency of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients attended Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung is 33.3% and more prevalent in elderly patients. It occurred mostly in patients diagnosed with diabetes less than 10 years. [AMJ.2015;2(1):287–90