Althea Medical Journal
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Impact of Training on Improving Proper Handwashing Practices among Elementary School Students
Get PDFBackground: Hand washing is among the most effective ways to prevent diseases. In Indonesia, only a quarter of the entire population practice proper handwashing techniques. Of these, children are the most vulnerable group for contracting diseases. Nevertheless, they also are crucial agent for behavior transformation as they are keen and open to new ideas. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if training would have an improvement on a proper hand washing practices among elementary school students.Methods:An observational descriptive study design using random sampling was conducted from September to November 2013 in Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java, Indonesia using primary data of one hundred elementary school students from four elementary schools. Questionnaires were given after informed consent. A demonstration on hand washing techniques and education on proper hand washing practices was then given. Two weeks later, the same questionnaire was given to measure the influence of the training. The collected data were presented using frequency tabulation.Results: Before the training on proper hand washing practices was conducted, only 86.9% students were practicing it properly. After the training was given, 90.7% of the students were doing it properly. For the hand washing technique, only 66.8% of students knew the correct steps before the intervention was given and 78.7% students did them correctly after the intervention.Conclusions:The training shows an overall improvement on the students’ hand washing practices. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.107
Correlation between Substance Use and Anxiety-Depression Spectrum among Senior High School Students in Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Both substance use and anxiety-depression spectrum are the problem that currently faced by adolescents especially among Senior High School students. Moreover, there is a high comorbidity between both problems. This study was conducted to discover the substance use’s prevalence and to find out anxiety-depression spectrum proportion among adolescent, and more importantly to determine whether there is correlation between both variables.Methods: During October–November 2013, four hundred and fifty two students from five Senior High Schools located in Karees Sub-District, Bandung were included in this cross-sectional analytic study. Among whom, only 425 students filled the questionnaire properly. Data were collected using Kessler-10 (K10) to explore anxiety-depression spectrum and addiction severity index lite version (ASI-Lite) to identify substance use. The correlation between both variables was analyzed by Gamma correlation test.Results: The study revealed that there were 93 (21.9%) students that used substance. In addition, there were 244 students (57.4%) that screened as having anxiety-depression spectrum. Statistical analysis, according to Gamma correlation test, showed that there was a weak correlation between alcohol use and anxiety-depression spectrum (p=0.041; r=0.316). The remaining substances gave no statistically significant result (p>0.05). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence in substance use and psychological distress in anxiety-depression spectrum among high school student. In addition, alcohol is the only substances that correlated with anxiety-depression spectrum. [AMJ.2016;3(4):583–9] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.94
Association between Age and Histopathological Grade of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Get PDFBackground: Bladder cancer, particularly urothelial carcinoma, is prevalent in male and ≥55 years old population. Grade of the bladder tumor affects clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of the patient. This study aimed to analyze the association between age and histopathological grade of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was approved by the Ethical Clearance Committee of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, involving 241 medical records of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients in the Department of Anatomical Pathology at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during 2009–2013. Chi-square test was applied to 45 patients with complete record of histopathological grade.Results: Most of the subjects were 65 years old. Male patients were the most frequent. The proportion of low-grade carcinoma in <65 years old age group was only 39.1%, while in ≥65 years old age group was 72.7%. The proportion of high-grade carcinoma in <65 years old age group reached 60.9%, which was 27.3% higher than in ≥65 years old age group. Chi-square test result showed a statistically significant difference between histopathological grade of urothelial carcinoma in <65 years and ≥65 years age groups (p=0.023).Conclusions: Proportion of high-grade and low-grade urothelial carcinoma between <65 years and ≥65 years age groups are statistically different; therefore, an association between age and histopathological grade of bladder urothelial carcinoma is shown.
Burden of Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Results of Online Pediatric Cancer Registry Prototype 1 at A Third Referral Hospital in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Despite the impressive progress of high-income countries, childhood cancer survival remains low in low and middle-income countries. Cancer is yet to be considered as a significant public health issue which has implicate only few pediatric cancer registry has been well established. The study aimed to describe the burden of pediatric cancer treatment in a third referral hospital in Indonesia through pediatric cancer registry.Methods: A-three-year retrospective analysis of 15 pediatric cancer diagnosed in children aged under 14 years was conducted at Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Data were extracted from Online Bandung Pediatric Cancer Registry Prototype 1 and analyzed for age, gender, type of cancer. The outcomes were classified as treatment abandonment, treatment refusal, interrupted treatment, death during treatment, and completed treatment.Results: Seven-hundred and seventy-three children, 452 males and 321 females, were diagnosed with 15 types of malignancies. Peak incidence for each malignancy was different: at a young age was found in retinoblastoma and hepatoblastoma (mean; 3yo) while at adolescence in bone tumor and chronic myelocytic leukemia (9.1; 10 yo respectively). Distribution of the foremost malignancies recorded was: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (44.5%), retinoblastoma (15.2%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (8.9%). The cancer cure rate was very low (9.5%), treatment abandonment was still high (41.7%) and most patients died (27.8%) in the course of therapy either from advanced disease, infection, or late presentation. Meanwhile, 167 patients still continued the interrupted treatment.Conclusions: Cancer management is the burden for hospital, however the general outcome is very poor.
Skull and Posterior Rib Fractures with Respiratory Failure caused by Child Abuse
Get PDFBackground: Presence of multiple fractures suggests child abuse. Skull fractures rarely occurred but posterior rib fractures are commonly found and have high specificity as a radiological finding in child abuse. A respiratory failure can occur as a result of the damage to the osseous structure of the thorax that destabilizes the rib cage and impairs spontaneous breathing mechanism.Methods: A case report of a 6-month-old boy who presented with respiratory failure, multiple bilateral parietal and occipital bone fractures, and also fractures of right rib 5–8. The patient required ventilatory support for 9 days in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dr.HasanSadikin General Hospital.Results: The patient was on ventilatory support for 9 days, and was given antibiotics for 2 weeks. Next, the patient was referred to the High Care Unit (HCU) after the condition was stabilized, and then referred to the ward, for treatment by the Social Pediatric Division. The patient was still having issues about his foster care. Conclusions: Recognition of presence of fractures is important in early diagnosis and treatment of child abuse. [AMJ.2017;4(1):107–10] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.103
Health Related Quality of Life and Residual Symptoms in Prostatic Surgical Treatment at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta: a Retrospective Study
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of Prostate Enlargement (PE) has been increasing over the years. The satisfaction towards the treatment result and life quality (QOL) improvement must be the key point of PE treatment. QOL is affected by many conditions, such as age, socioeconomic status, comorbid disease, and type of surgery. The objective of the study was to assess the QOL in PE patients post surgery, to explore the predictor factor, and to assess the satisfaction related to urinary functionality in the Indonesian context. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and the subjects were all PE patients who underwent surgical treatment. EQ-5D-5L/EQ-VAS and Index Quality of Life (IQL) were used to assess the patient’s QOL & treatment satisfaction. The subjects were divided into several sub-groups based on age, type of surgery, comorbid condition, type of ward, funding source, histopathological result, and the year of treatment. The collected data wee analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test, or Chi-square test, Spearman’s rho test and multiple linear regression. Results: All the 149 subjects were at the average age of 69.09 years . There were no significant statistical differences in QOL between age, comorbid conditions, and histopathology result. Health insurance (HI) was significantly associated with QOL. There were improvements of IQL subjects. The most symptoms remaining was frequency (47.4%).Conclusions: Life improvement must be the major purpose of PE therapy. The association between HI with QOL suggests that a better HI in developing countries can ensure a better quality of life outcome
Diagnostic Value of Narrow Band Imaging in Diagnosing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Get PDFBackground: Carcinoma is the most common tumor in nasopharynx. Endoscopy is used to determine the presence of lesions suspected of malignancy. Narrow Band Imaging is an endoscopic technique that uses narrow–band spectrum as a filter to determine any mucosal vascular changes in carcinoma. Narrow Band Imaging can early detect superficial mucosal lesions that are difficult to detect with conventional endoscopy, so that diagnosing is more accurate and occurrence of unnecessary biopsies can be reduced. This study aimed to determine diagnostic value of Narrow Band Imaging in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: This diagnostic test study was conducted at Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung from September to October 2014. Twenty four patients with clinical signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma that fulfilled the study criteria were assigned using consecutive sampling to examine with Narrow Band Imaging and histopathology examination. The data were then analyzed with 2x2 table to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.Results: In this study, the results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma using Narrow Band Imaging were 93.75%, 62.5%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Sensitivity of Narrow Band Imaging is 93.75%. [AMJ.2017;4(1):133–7] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.103
Vitamin C Intakeand Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis
Get PDFBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the knee joints characterized by progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage. In OA, which is influenced by several risk factors, free radicals are increased by local ischemia in the cartilage. As an exogenous antioxidant, vitamin C also plays an important role in collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. This study was carried out to identify vitamin C intake as well as risk factors in knee OA. Methods: The study population was determined by non-probability sampling with convenient approach to knee OA patients at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in October–November 2013. Data were obtained through questionnaire interview about risk factors, severity index of OA and vitamin C intake profile. Data presentation was conducted by descriptive method.Results: There were 47 patients diagnosed with knee OA in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. The result showed that 7 patients (14.9%) had low vitamin C intake for the last 3 months. There were 30 patients with family history of OA (63.8%). Thirty two patients (68.1%) were passive smokers, 44 patients (93.6%) had history of repeated use of knee joints and majority of respondents had obesity. Conclusions: Most of the subjects have sufficient vitamin C intake and more than half have risk factors that may contribute to the incidence of knee OA. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1067
Validity of Immunoglobulin M Anti Salmonella typhi Serologic Test in Childhood Typhoid Fever
Get PDFBackground: Typhoid fever, which mostly affects children, remains a major health problem in developing countries. Early diagnosis will help the management and thus, reduce morbidity and mortality. However, a rapid diagnostic test that detects the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) directed towards Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) antigen remains controversial despite its popularity. This study was aimed to assess the validity of IgM anti S. typhi serologic test in childhood typhoid fever. Methods: This retrospective diagnostic test, used blood culture as gold standard. Forty-one typhoid fever children with fever of 1–14 days admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2013 to 2015 were recruited. Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made clinically. Data were analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic test.Results: Forty one children diagnosed with typhoid fever, 37 were positive for IgM anti S. typhi, but only 18 were positive for S. typhi in blood culture. IgM anti S. typhi (cut-off ≥4) test had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 59%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 17.39%. IgM anti S. typhi with cut-off >8 showed the highest AUC with sensitivity of 55.56% and specificity of 73.68%.Conclusions: IgM anti S. typhi test of cut-off >8 performs better than cut-off ≥4 in terms of AUC..[AMJ.2017;4(1):138–42] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.103
Effect of Short Term Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Get PDFBackground: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are known to be one of the effective managements which aim to improve the quality of life (QoL) in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is still controversy about the effect on QoL dimension. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of short term cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: The study design used was a quasi experimental study with repeated measurements in consecutive sampling involving 11 subjects with CAD from September–November 2015 in Cardiorespiratory Clinic and Gymnasium of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Cardiac Unit Services, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The cardiac rehabilitation program was performed for 4 weeks. The quality of life was scored using medical outcomes study short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire before and after CR program. Statistics obtained in this study were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.Results: This study involved 11 male patients with CAD with an average age of 58 (11) years old with the diagnosis of CAD post CABG (n=6), CAD post PCI (n=4), and CAD unrevascularized (n=1). The average total score of quality of life questionnaire SF-36 demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.001) after CR program 87.27(8.5) as compared to before CR program 49.09(8.4). This improvement occurred in all QoL dimensions.Conclusions: Short term cardiac rehabilitation program can improve the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.