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Dossier « Les professionnels de la montagne face aux transitions socio-environnementales » – Introduction. Les professionnels de la montagne face aux transitions socio-environnementales
No full textLe renouveau du sauvage : faire, refaire, laisser-faire le sauvage dans nos territoires
No full textCet article propose une restitution du colloque « Le renouveau du sauvage » tenu au château de Cerisy-la-Salle du 26 juin au 2 juillet 2023, axé sur la cohabitation avec le sauvage et ses impacts sur la société. Le colloque a favorisé les échanges entre disciplines variées et acteurs de terrain (écologistes, géographes, historiens, philosophes, sociologues, naturalistes, gestionnaires d’espaces protégés, etc.). En parallèle, des interactions ont eu lieu avec le colloque « Que peut la littérature pour les vivants ? ». Cet article montre l’intérêt du dialogue entre sciences écologiques et humanités environnementales, révélant la diversité de la remise en question de l’anthropocentrisme. Il souligne également le rôle de la littérature et des arts dans la réesthétisation du monde malgré l’épuisement des récits. Le réensauvagement se décline sous diverses formes remises en question par la transition écologique
Early and late initiation of the Ponseti method yield comparable outcomes in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction: The optimal timing to initiate the Ponseti method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether starting treatment within the first four weeks of life improves outcomes compared to later initiation. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42025650117), MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies comparing early (≤4 weeks) versus late (>4 weeks) initiation of the Ponseti method. Outcomes included the number of casts, the relapse rate, and the need for tenotomy. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and study quality was assessed using the MINORS tool. Results: Six studies involving 467 patients (689 feet) met the inclusion criteria. Early initiation was associated with a slightly higher mean number of casts (MD = 0.72, 95% CI [0.33–1.10], p = 0.0002), but this difference was not significant in the overall pooled analysis (MD = 0.06, 95% CI [−1.08–1.21], p = 0.91). Relapse (OR = 0.70, p = 0.68) and tenotomy rates (OR = 0.68, p = 0.41) were comparable between groups. Discussion: Although earlier treatment may require more casts, it does not reduce relapse or tenotomy rates. These findings suggest that initiating treatment after four weeks yields comparable outcomes, offering flexibility in clinical practice without compromising results. Variability across studies highlights the need for standardized treatment protocols and well-designed randomized controlled trials to confirm the optimal initiation age
Comparison of Parbolling-Induced Changes in Starch Crystalinity and Functional Properties of Brown Rice for Functional Food Applications
No full textThe Makan Bergizi Gratis program emphasizes the need for safe, affordable, and nutritionally complete foods that are easy to prepare and distribute. Brown rice, rich in dietary fiber and bioactive compounds with a low glycémie index, is a promising candidate for such programs. However, its functional properties can be enhanced through processing, particularly parboiling. This study investigated the effects of parboiling on the structural and functional properties of two local brown rice cultivars from East Kalimantan (SMC 279 and SMC 213). The focus was on starch crystallinity, swelling power, water absorption, oil absorption, specific gravity, and wettability to assess their suitability for biscuit production. Parboiling reduced starch crystallinity, as shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD), with weaker and broader peaks indicating a transition to more amorphous starch. Functionally, swelling power increased by approximately 7.5 times, water absorption nearly doubled (1.12–1.34% to 2.02–2.77%)), and wettability improved by 2.15–9.71 times. Oil absorption (2.15–3.60%)) and specific gravity (0.56–0.71 g/mL) showed minimal changes, reflecting their dependence on grain density and porosity. Cultivar-specific differences were observed, influenced by starch composition and granule architecture. In conclusion, parboiling enhances the functional and water-responsive properties of brown rice without compromising its density or oil-binding characteristics, making it a scalable, nutritious ingredient for biscuit production and other foods aligned with the Makan Bergizi Gratis initiative
Optimization of Cassava Starch–CMC–Glycerol Formulations for Enhanced Water Resistance of Biofilms
No full textBiodegradable films from natural polymers offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics, with water resistance being a critical property. This study examined the effects of cassava starch (5 g, 10 g, 15 g), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC: 1%, 2%, 3%), and glycerol (6 mL, 9 mL, 12 mL) on biofilm water resistance, producing 27 formulations. Water resistance was measured through immersion tests by assessing weight changes due to absorption and swelling. Results showed that starch concentration strongly influenced matrix formation, where higher starch content (15 g) produced denser and more stable films with greater resistance. CMC reduced water resistance because of its hydrophilic nature, while glycerol acted as a plasticizer with dual effects: moderate amounts improved flexibility and minimized cracks, but higher levels increased water uptake. Among all formulations, only the film with 15 g starch, 1% CMC, and 6 mL glycerol met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), achieving 103.3% water resistance. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing starch, CMC, and glycerol composition to produce biofilms with strong barrier properties for biodegradable packaging applications
Resistant starch formation in unripe plantain flour under two different drying conditions
No full textUnripe plantain is a potential commodity for producing flour with low digestibility due to its dietary fiber and resistant starch content, thus more beneficial for health such as for blood glucose control and blood lipid profile improvement. The present study aimed to characterize the physicochemical and resistant starch content of unripe plantain flour produced under two different drying conditions namely: one-step drying and two-step drying technique. The unripe plantain flour control (unmodified) was produced by drying under one temperature for a fixed duration (60°C for 6 hours), whereas the modified one was produced using a two-step drying process: first, at 40°C for 5 hours, followed by 80°C for 4 hours. The flour was characterized for its resistant starch content, proximate composition, colour and pasting properties. The results showed that modified unripe plantain flour contained higher resistant starch (6.98 ± 0.21%) as compared to the control one (5.21 ± 0.49%, p<0.05). Whereas starch content was 60.14 ± 0.19% and 55.76 ± 0.18% for the modified and the control flour respectively. The two-step drying condition also increased the pasting temperature of the modified unripe plantain flour by nearly 2°C (84.37°C) compared to the control flour (82.65°C). Thus, two-step drying condition increased the resistant starch content and altered the pasting properties of unripe plantain flour
The brain determinants of cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and obesity
No full textDue to advances in the early detection of many disease biomarkers, any physiological measures that are sensitive to concurrent, subtle cognitive decline are critically needed. The brain during sleep is a key focus of research in this area, especially in any hypoxic states, i.e., obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the available data in the pediatric population are limited and contradictory. A total of 65 OSA male adolescents aged 15–17 years (40 obese and 25 non-obese) were included. Type I 11-chanal polysomnography (PSG) with sleep spindle (SS) detection and spectral analysis, Wechsler intelligence test (WISC-IV), and plasma beta-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) contents were used to evaluate the participant’s SS activities, cognition, and amyloid burden. Binominal logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to assess any determinants of cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with OSA and comorbid obesity. The study results demonstrated showed lower WISC-IV scores, higher Aβ42 level, and more altered SS pattern in obese subjects. On the results of binomial logistic regression, the most significant brain determinants were fragmentation index (FI), SS_f—mean frequency of SS, and Aβ42 content. According to the results of the ROC analysis, the point of cutoff for FI was > 11.5 e/h, for SS_f ≤ 9.5 Hz, and for Aβ42—> 3.8 pg/ml. This research has allowed us to supplement existing knowledge regarding the specific characteristics of OSA in schoolchildren with obesity, contribute to the theory of dysregulation states in adolescence, and provide theoretical support for the development of diagnostic algorithms and differentiated programs for the prevention and treatment of early cognitive decline in young individuals
A Diophantine inequality with one prime of the form
No full textLet 1 0 is a large enough number and ε > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. This paper establish that the Diophantine inequality
|p1c + … + psc − N | < ε
has a solution in prime numbers p1,…,ps, where s ≥ 7 and s is a natural number and p1 can be expressed as p1 = m2 + n2 + 1 for some integers m,n
L’ETP en pratique est-elle promotrice de santé ? Retour sur le 10
No full textIntroduction : L’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP) s’est développée en réponse aux contraintes que les maladies chroniques font peser sur la vie des patients, en leur offrant la possibilité d’améliorer leur qualité de vie tout en renforçant leur capacité à prendre des décisions concernant leur santé. Pour ce faire, elle cherche à dépasser une vision préventive souvent réduite à une simple transmission d’informations visant à limiter les comportements à risque pour s’inscrire dans une vision promotrice de santé centrée sur les ressources des patients et de leur environnement. Cependant, les pratiques actuelles de l’ETP traduisent-elles un véritable engagement vers la promotion de la santé, ou bien reconduisent-elles encore, sous des formes renouvelées, une logique préventive centrée sur le contrôle des comportements ? Méthode : Pour discuter cette question, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’étude de 44 résumés soumis en vue d’une communication orale lors du 10e congrès de la Société d’Éducation Thérapeutique Européenne (SETE) qui s’est tenu en mai 2024 à Liège (Belgique). Résultats – Discussion : L’analyse des résumés montre que la transition est engagée : les aptitudes individuelles des patients sont davantage prises en compte et les actions communautaires se développent. Cependant pour que l’ETP se transforme vraiment, les environnements capacitants doivent être repensés, les actions communautaires doivent trouver une place plus institutionnalisée, et les services de santé doivent évoluer pour proposer des actions émancipatrices. Et si ces travaux soulignent l’importance du soutien des politiques publiques pour développer une ETP promotrice de santé, ils montrent également que ce soutien doit être plus affirmé et doté de moyens adaptés. Conclusion : Le 10e congrès de la SETE qui s’est tenu en mai 2024 à Liège, a montré que si cette transition a été engagée, elle doit être plus franche
Investigation of entanglement in pure final polarization states from neutron–deuteron elastic scattering and exclusive deuteron breakup
No full textWe investigate the pure polarization states of the outgoing neutron–deuteron (nd) pair in elastic polarized neutron–polarized deuteron scattering, as well as the pure polarization states of the three free nucleons (nnp) produced in the corresponding deuteron breakup reaction. Our aim is to provide clear evidence of entanglement in their spin degrees of freedom. These final states can be generated from pure spin states of the incoming nd system, where both the neutron and the deuteron are strongly polarized by maximizing the occupation of a specific magnetic substate. To fully characterize the final configurations, we compute the corresponding spin density matrices using the high-precision CD-Bonn nucleon–nucleon potential. Among these pure final spin states, we identify strongly entangled, Bell-like states that include at most small admixtures of components diminishing entanglement