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Implementation of the benefits of symbiotic bacteria in Demospongiae sponges in Indonesian waters using the literature study method
No full textA Demospongiae sponge is an organism that can interact with symbiotic bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria form a specific mutualistic symbiosis that creates a stable and beneficial association with their hosts. This review examines the diversity and benefits of Demospongia symbiotic bacteria in Indonesia. There were 18 types of symbiotic bacteria associated with the Demospongiae sponge spread from est to East Indonesia. The morphology of the symbiont bacteria in the Demospongiae was mainly circular. Based on the bacterial composition, the genus Bacillus is the most commonly found symbiont in Demospongia. Approximately 61% of the symbiotic bacteria in the Demospongiae sponge showed antimicrobial activity, mainly against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this study found several anticancer, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of Demospongiae symbiotic bacteria. This study can be used further to explore the benefits of symbiotic bacteria in Demospongiae
A Comparative Study between China and Abroad: BookTok, an Effective Way in Converging Traditional Reading with the Digital Media?
No full textAs reading practices increasingly migrate into short-video environments, platforms such as TikTok and its Chinese counterpart Douyin have reconfigured how books are encountered, interpreted, and emotionally experienced. BookTok has emerged as a prominent site of this transformation, where reading is mediated primarily through audiovisual storytelling rather than direct textual engagement. Drawing on remediation theory, this study conceptualizes videolized reading as a platform-mediated reading practice in which narrative condensation, embodied performance, and algorithmic circulation jointly shape textual meaning and visibility. Using a mixed-methods comparative design, this paper analyzes BookTok content from China and abroad to examine how videolized reading operates across different cultural contexts. The findings reveal that while short-video platforms share similar technical affordances, the remediation of reading is culturally patterned. Chinese BookTok practices tend to emphasize instructional explanation and knowledge-oriented reading functions, whereas international BookTok foregrounds emotional immersion and affective performance. These differences reflect distinct cultural logics of reading that are re-articulated through videolization rather than displaced by it. By theorizing videolized reading and empirically demonstrating its culturally specific forms, this study extends research on media convergence and social reading. It argues that remediation processes in digital reading are not technologically neutral but are shaped by culturally embedded understandings of reading, emotion, and media practice
X-ray and radio observations of the AMXP MAXI J1957+032 covering the 2022–2025 outbursts
No full textWe presented a comprehensive multi-epoch timing and multiwavelength analysis of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar MAXI J1957+032, covering two major outbursts in 2022 and 2025. By reanalyzing the 2022 outburst data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), we found the spin frequency and orbital parameters from the observations in 0.3–5 keV. For the 2025 outburst, we reported the detection of pulsations with the Einstein Probe (EP). Based on the ∼3-year baseline between these two outbursts, we measured a significant long-term spin-down rate of . Assuming that the quiescent spin-down is driven by magnetic dipole radiation, we inferred a spin-down luminosity of L ≈ 1.1 × 1036 erg s−1 and a surface dipolar magnetic field of B ≈ (7.3 − 10.4)×108 G. Furthermore, we conducted a deep radio pulsation search with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) during the X-ray quiescent state in 2024, resulting in a non-detection with a 7σ flux density upper limit of 12.3 μJy. This corresponds to a radio efficiency upper limit of ξ < 2.8 × 10−10, which is significantly lower than that of typical millisecond pulsars with a similar spin-down power. This profound radio pulsation faintness can be explained by two primary scenarios: either a geometric effect, wherein the pulsar’s radio beam is directed away from our line of sight, or a physical suppression of the emission mechanism, potentially caused by a persistent low-level accretion flow during the X-ray quiescent state
Constraining the nature of the most extreme Galactic particle accelerator
No full textContext. Microquasars have emerged as promising candidates to explain the cosmic-ray flux at petaelectronvolt energies. LHAASO observations revealed V4641 Sgr as the most extreme example so far. Its gamma-ray spectrum extends up to 800 TeV, which requires particles with multi-PeV energy. The TeV emission is highly extended, which challenges expectations given the reported low-inclination angle of the V4641 Sgr jets.
Aims. We spatially and spectrally resolved the gamma-ray emission from V4641 Sgr and investigated the particle acceleration in the system.
Methods. Using ≈100 h of H.E.S.S. data, we performed a spectro-morphological study of the gamma-ray emission around V4641 Sgr. We employed HI and dedicated CO observations of the region to infer the target material for cosmic-ray interactions.
Results. We detected multi-TeV emission around V4641 Sgr with a high significance. The emission region is elongated, and its major and minor axes are 0.34°±0.01syst±0.04stat and 0.06°±0.01syst±0.01stat, respectively. We found a power-law spectrum with an index ≈1.8, and together with results from other gamma-ray instruments, this reveals a spectral energy distribution (SED) that peaks at energies of ≈100 TeV for the first time. We found indications (3σ) of a two-component morphology, with indistinguishable spectral properties. The position of V4641 Sgr is inconsistent with the best-fit position of the single-component model and with the dip between the two components. We found no significant evidence of an energy-dependent morphology. No dense gas was found at any distance towards V4641 Sgr, which places an upper limit of ngas ≲ 0.2 cm−3 within the gamma-ray emission region.
Conclusions. The peak of the SED at ≈100 TeV identifies V4641 Sgr as a candidate cosmic-ray accelerator beyond the so-called knee. The absence of dense target gas places stringent energetic constraints on hadronic interpretations, however. The H.E.S.S. measurement requires an unusually hard (≈1.5) spectral index for the protons. A leptonic scenario faces fewer obstacles if the particle transport is fast enough to avoid losses and to reproduce the observed energy-independent morphology. The absence of bright X-ray emission across the gamma-ray emission region requires a magnetic field strength ≲3 μG, however. Our findings favour a leptonic origin of the gamma-ray emission. This conclusion does not exclude hadron acceleration in the V4641 Sgr system
Spatial and Efficiency Determinants of Grain Production in China: Evidence from Spatial Econometrics and Stochastic Frontier Analysis
No full textThis study investigates the determinants of grain production and food security in China by integrating spatial econometric analysis and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) using provincial panel data from 2000 to 2021. The spatial econometric framework examines per-unit yields of major crops—rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum—highlighting the roles of mechanization, irrigation, fertilizer use, rural income, and structural disparities. Results reveal limited spatial spillovers for staple grains, with only sorghum displaying marginal interprovincial dependence, while rice yield exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with rural income. Fertilizer use shows diminishing returns, and mechanization effects differ across crops due to institutional and ecological heterogeneity. Complementarily, the SFA model evaluates provincial-level technical efficiency, demonstrating that land, machinery power, and rural income significantly enhance grain output, whereas excess agricultural labor has little effect. Efficiency estimates suggest an average technical efficiency of 87.7 percents, with droughts significantly increasing inefficiency and floods occasionally yielding post-disaster recovery gains. By combining spatial and efficiency-based perspectives, this research underscores the dual importance of regional structures and environmental shocks in shaping China?s food security. Policy implications include strengthening farmland protection, advancing precision and green technologies, improving rural income and labor transitions, and enhancing interregional as well as international cooperation to build a resilient food system
Deep neural network analysis and risk identification of international agricultural trade time series data
No full textInternational agricultural trade data indicators often vary due to differences in statistical standards, trade policies, and climatic conditions across countries, and their selection can be influenced by subjective factors. To address the domain generalization problem in agricultural trade time series data, this paper proposes an anomaly detection method that handles the diversity and complexity of feature distributions while capturing unique patterns in agricultural trade sequences. The features extracted by a recurrent neural network are treated as learned knowledge. A standard classifier aligns the marginal distribution in the feature space, and a hidden variable autoregressive model is then applied for advanced prediction, thereby improving forecast accuracy. Furthermore, a hidden variable regression model is constructed for trade risk identification. By capturing the distribution characteristics within agricultural trade time series data, the model identifies potential risks. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach
The Impact of Different Molecular Weight Chitosan Dip-coating on the Quality of
No full textIn this research, the impacts of chitosan with different molecular weights (30, 150, 300 kDa) on the quality of Monopterus albus during refrigeration storage were investigated in terms of total colony count (TCC), ph, TVB-N , water loss rate, and cooking loss rate. The results indicated that the 150 kDa chitosan dip-coating demonstrated superior performance in extending the shelf life of Monopterus albus by preserving tissue structure, reducing cellular damage, and moisture loss. This research would supply new insights into widening chitosan as natural preservative in aquatic product preservation
Solar Cooling Alternatives for Kuwait's Climate
No full textKuwait has a very hot climate; thus, air-conditioning systems are widely used in buildings. In a typical building, 60% of the total energy use goes to the air-conditioning, and it uses up to 70% of the electricity at peak hours. This high demand for energy leads to an increased carbon footprint, which harms the environment, and the rise of the peak load demand, which harms the power grid. Hence, there is an urge to replace the conventional air-conditioning system with a more energy-efficient and ecofriendly one. This study focuses on a comparative study between the two potential solar thermally driven cooling systems: the desiccant cooling system and the absorption cooling system. The numerical model of the systems developed comprises components that are validated empirically or experimentally. Modelling has shown that the absorption chiller refrigeration system provides better results in terms of maintaining the temperature in the building and power consumption. Even though the desiccant evaporative system is more thermally and electrically efficient, the system has to operate for longer periods to maintain a comfortable thermal environment than the absorption chiller system
Deep Learning and Blockchain for Smart Grids: Integration, Challenges, and Future Directions
No full textThe transition in the direction of sustainable power systems is limited by the rapid growth of global energy demand driven by population growth and urbanization. Recent market forecasts demonstrate high economic growth based on an increasing reliance on smart grid infrastructures. Despite the potential benefits, Smart Grids remain characterized by several consequential problems such as cyber vulnerabilities, complexities of big-data management issues, security considerations, and issues arising from centralized control architectures. The field of combining blockchain technology with AI and other emerging technologies is gaining high relevance. AI-empowered blockchain technologies offer blockchain-based solutions to data integrity, decentralization, and automation. This review paper surveys current developments in the integration of Smart Grids, Deep Learning, and Blockchain. The contributions of this paper are: Firstly, identifying and analysing recent literature from different perspectives. Then, examining the potential research areas along with their existing limitations. In addition, introduce a new systems-based architecture that provides a novel approach to the collaboration among key techniques smart grid, deep learning, and blockchain
Decarbonising Building Construction Using Bio-Digital Fabrication: An ISM Approach
No full textTo embark on a truly sustainable path to have a greener environment, instead of putting electric motors on the building facades, an inherently natural resource should be opted for. Decarbonising the building construction, which is an energy-intensive process, needs a shift toward biomanufacturing integrated with innovative genetic engineering technology. This paper aims to examine the potential role of living microorganisms in making building materials through bio-digital fabrication. These bio-manufactured materials are bio-degradable and self-healing living spaces. The present study identified eight key success factors of bio-digital fabrication in the Indian context. From government policies to public awareness and technological advancements in bio-digital manufacturing, cost and scalability-related factors were among the identified factors. Further, an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) based approach was used to evaluate the success factors that are interrelated and are part of a complex system. The results reveal that government policies and technological innovation are the root factors and independent factors.. Further, collaboration and education & training are the strongest strategic enablers on which all the structural and operational enablers depend. Reduced waste from construction demolition appeared to be a dependent variable, i.e., outcome variable. Overall, bio-digital fabrication is a promising solution toward decarbonising the Indian building construction industry