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Evaluation of the germination of
No full textThis research assessed germination of Capparis spinosa L. and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum within a rural nursery located in Morocco's High Atlas uplands (Ait M'Hamed, Azilal region). Seeds were harvested locally and soaked in water prior to planting inside a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions (10°C at night, 25°C during the day, irrigation when required, peat substrate). In C. spinosa, soaking in hot water (50°C) facilitated the breaking of dormancy and significantly shortened latency by four days with a higher germination percentage (62.9% vs 51.4% in control). By contrast, in A. pyrethrum much longer soaking at room temperature was more beneficial (germination beginning on the third day and a high final rate 90.0% compared with 67.9%). These findings showed that low cost, easily accessible, and ecological water treatments are effective in enhancing dormancy release and seed germination vigor of these both species especially for two emblematic species of the PAM from Morocco. Application of these treatments in village cooperatives could encouraged the domestication and cultivation of C. spinosa and A. pyrethrum, reduce pressure on wild collections, help to conserve biodiversity and increase income generation at local level. More studies of other treatments and seedling growth are required to validate these practices
Study of the effect of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and season on the regrowth of date palms (
No full textDuring its lifetime, and particularly before entering production, the date palm can produce several shoots at its base, up to thirty in total. In the absence of vitro plants of local varieties, these shoots remain the ideal method for regenerating plants that are consistent and faithful to the mother plant. Date growers adopt this technique in order to propagate the noble varieties of the Figuig oasis. Among them is the Aziza Bouzid cultivar, known for its difficulty in rhizogenesis. The objective of this work is to test the effect of the season and concentrations of 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of shoots from this cultivar in order to identify the most favourable seasons for transplanting shoots. And the recommended IBA concentration. Three concentrations of IBA were applied: C1 (0 ppm), C2 (150 ppm) and C3 (300 ppm). The study showed that spring and summer are the most favourable seasons for transplanting suckers, with a root regeneration rate of up to 100%. The use of IBA significantly increased the regeneration rate, breaking records, particularly for the two seasons already mentioned
Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on the Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Salvia verbenaca from Eastern Morocco
No full textThis study evaluates the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of two provenances of Salvia verbenaca (Chwihiya and Ain Almou, Eastern Morocco) subjected to different intensities of water and salt stress. Salt and water stress followed a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Morphological (plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf area), physiological (chlorophyll content), and biochemical (proline and soluble sugars) parameters were recorded for two months. The results showed that reduced water supply and increased NaCl concentration led to a significant decrease in vegetative growth, stem diameter and length, number of leaves and leaf area, as well as a decrease in chlorophyll content. At the same time, proline and soluble sugar contents increase significantly under stress. The Chwihiya provenance shows better morphological and physiological stability, combined with more efficient accumulation of soluble sugars, indicating greater tolerance to water and salt stress. These findings highlight the role of intraspecific variation in S. verbenaca resistance and underscore the potential of the Chwihiya provenance for conservation and cultivation in arid and saline environments
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controlled UPQC for Power Quality Enhancement in Renewable Energy Integrated Distributed Generation System
No full textThe growing integration of sustainable power sources into contemporary power distribution systems introduces various PQ issues, as well as, harmonic distortion, voltage fluctuations and reactive power imbalance. To mitigate these problems, in this paper ANFIS controlled UPQC. The UPQC for a DG network that integrates renewable energy is presented. The proposed UPQC- ANFIS architecture is implemented in a three-phase low-voltage hybrid system combining wind energy and PV sources. The ANFIS controller combines the power of artificial neural networks with fuzzy logic for more efficient reasoning and faster dynamic reaction, even when the load and source circumstances are changing. It also ensures precise compensation. The UPQC provides effective mitigation of voltage sags, swells, and current harmonics, while maintaining near-unity power factor and facilitating real power injection into the grid. The performance of system is analyzed through detailed MATLAB/Simulink simulations under dynamic and steady state conditions. The results demonstrate that the ANFIS- based UPQC exhibits superior voltage regulation, enhanced response of transient, and significantly reduced Total Harmonic Distortion compared to the conventional ANN-controlled UPQC, validating its capability to enhance overall power quality in renewable energy-based DG networks
A Comparative Analysis of MPPT Methods for SEPIC Converter Based Solar PV System
No full textAs the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources expands globally, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become an economically viable alternative to traditional energy sources. This work investigates and compares three distinct Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods namely Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), within a solar photovoltaic (PV) system that employs a Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC). The evaluation is carried out using simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and hardware implementation on a 10Watt solar setup. Performance metrics such as tracking efficiency and adaptability to fluctuating environmental conditions are assessed for each algorithm
Urban Energy Planning with Rooftop PV and Heat Pump Integration: A Case Study of Tashkent Districts
No full textTashkent, Uzbekistan needs a fast way of urbanizing, which requires sustainable energy sources that will curb carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency. This paper will examine how rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system and heat pump can be incorporated into residential and commercial areas of Tashkent to maximize energy planning in urban areas. We evaluate the decentralized renewable energy systems using the GIS-based solar potential mapping and energy demand modelling. Our results show that there is a lot of potential in the PV generation in roof tops, especially in the low-rise residential plots, and heat pumps are very effective in heating and cooling. Some of the policy suggestions will be to incentivize the use of PV, updating grid infrastructure, and introducing district-level energy management systems
Intelligent Digital Twin Framework for Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring and Optimization of Mechanical Systems Using Reinforcement Learning
No full textThis paper presents an Intelligent Digital Twin (IDT) framework designed for real-time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and optimization of mechanical systems. The proposed approach integrates high-frequency sensor data with a physics-based digital model to provide accurate, continuous assessment of structural integrity. Sensor inputs from vibration, strain, and temperature measurements are preprocessed and transformed into damage-sensitive features, which are assimilated into a high-fidelity finite element digital twin using Kalman filtering for precise state estimation. An anomaly detection module evaluates residuals between measured and predicted responses to identify potential faults, while a reinforcement learning (RL) agent operates within the updated digital twin to learn optimal maintenance and control strategies that minimize structural degradation and operational costs. The framework is implemented and tested on a scaled mechanical testbed subjected to dynamic loading. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements compared to conventional SHM methods, achieving 96.8% detection accuracy, 95.6% precision, 96.1% recall, and a 14.7% optimization gain, along with reduced response latency of 135 ms. These outcomes highlight the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with RL-driven decision-making to create adaptive, proactive, and efficient SHM systems suitable for long-term industrial deployment
Decentralized Blockchain-Based Fund Management System for Transparent and Secure Medical Transactions
No full textThe healthcare industry continues to have issues regarding the transparency and trust of the financial transactions, and especially in case of handling of insurance claims and the funding of the patient. Intermediaries and centralization is generally accompanied by inefficiencies, delay and lack of accountability. To eliminate these problems, in this paper, Medicare Chain is proposed as a decentralized blockchain-based fund management system in order to ensure the secure and transparent medical transaction. The system utilizes smart contracts of the Ethereum network to automate the process of transfer of funding between the patients, doctors and donors without the need of centralized authority in the process. Data and transaction logs of nurses is set into the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to ensure integrity and prevent any kind of tampering. Django-based web interface allows users authentication, access control and access to the blockchain network. By introducing a framework for auditable, secure and efficient management of medical funds using the concepts of decentralization, the proposed framework shows the possibilities of decentralized systems to create more reliability and trust amongst the healthcare ecosystems
Optimizing Building Insulation Thickness for Environmental Sustainability
No full textEnergy consumption is steadily increasing worldwide, and climate change is increasing pressure to improve efficiency in the built environment. One of the best methods for drastically lowering heating needs and emissions is to insulate exterior walls. Nevertheless, choosing the optimal insulation thickness is complex, as it depends on climatic factors, material thermal performance, and cost. The study investigates the best external wall insulation in two Uzbekistan regions, Jizzakh and Kashkadarya, using basalt fibre as the reference insulation material. The analysis combines the heating degree-day approach and a life-cycle cost approach, and assesses CO2 and SO2 emissions from natural gas and coal as heating fuels. Findings indicate that the colder climate in Jizzakh requires a slightly thicker layer of insulation than in Kashkadarya, and that natural gas always produces fewer emissions than coal. Besides the lower operational cost, the maximised insulation thickness offers enormous environmental advantages through alleviation of greenhouse effect and acidifying emissions. These results indicate that well-planned insulation initiatives are a cost-effective approach to energy conservation, improved environmental outcomes, and compliance with Uzbekistan’s national climate objectives and overall sustainability obligations
Computational analysis of GEO satellite communication performance
No full textThe paper is a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of Bit Error Rate (BER) behaviour of the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation across the Geostationary satellite communication links in the Earth Orbit. The paper examines performance characteristics of uplink and downlink based on extensive simulation taking into account of the realistic system parameters such as path loss, antenna gain, noise figure, and propagation delays. The simulation confirms theoretical performance of BER with real-world performance of link budget constraints in a standard GEO satellite at an altitude of 35,786 km. The findings indicate that there is a substantial variation in uplink and downlink Eb/N0 ratios (-43.25 dB and -179.55 dB respectively) among the differences in system parameters, and this result discerns the problems of design satellite communication links. The Monte Carlo method is useful in giving insights on end-to-end BER, and close results are presented with the theoretical performance BPSK curves in AWGN channels. This study will help address the knowledge gap in the area of satellite communication system design, optimization to achieve reliable data transmission, and clear mapping of the system parameters to end-to-end reliability in space-based networks of realistic space-to-ground constraints