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Synergistic effects of PGPR and amino acids on growth, productivity, and N availability of edamame (
No full textEdamame is a legume known for its efficient nitrogen utilization. This study aimed to analyze whether the application of amino acids derived from lemuru fish and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could improve plant performance and N availability in edamame plants. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with five levels of amino acids (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml/l) and two levels of PGPR (0 and 150 ml/l); inoculants isolated from edamame roots). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the results had a significant effect, a further DMRT test was carried out at a level of 5%. The results showed that the use of amino acids significantly differed in the observation of the total number of pods. The use of PGPR and amino acids can increase total N and C/N in the soil
Optimization of bioactive compound extraction from tobacco stem (
No full textTobacco stem represents an underutilized agricultural by-product rich in bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. Efficient recovery of these compounds depends on appropriate extraction conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal solvent volume and extraction temperature for maximizing the flavonoid content, phenolic concentration, and antioxidant activity of tobacco stem extract using RSM. A Central Composite Design was applied to evaluate the influence of solvent volume and heating temperature on total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract. The developed linear regression models demonstrated good predictive accuracy and non-significant lack-of-fit values, indicating model suitability. The optimization analysis predicted the optimal extraction condition at a solvent volume of 80 mL and a heating temperature of 65°C. This prediction was validated experimentally, yielding a total flavonoid content of 2.178 mg QE/mL, total phenolic content of 18.355 mg GAE/mL, and antioxidant activity of 71.159% inhibition. These results confirm that response surface optimization effectively enhances the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from tobacco stem, supporting its potential valorization as a natural antioxidant source
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of steamed brownies partially substituted with breadfruit flour
No full textSteamed brownies are one of processed foods that are favored by consumers because of its delicious taste and its soft texture. Generally, wheat flour was used to make steamed brownies. In this study, breadfruit flour was used in making steamed brownies by partially substituting wheat flour. This study aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit flour substitution on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of steamed brownies. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Breadfruit flour substitutions were BS0 (0%), BS1 (5%), BS2 (10%), BS3 (15%), BS4 (20%), and BS5 (25%). Physical analysis performed were texture, specific volume, color and yield. Chemical analysis performed were moisture content, ash content and crude fiber. Sensory test was hedonic test. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the difference between treatment was tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result indicated that partial substitution of breadfruit flour significantly affected (P>0,05) specific volume, water contents, ash content, fiber content and yield of steamed brownies. But it didn’t significantly affect the texture of steamed brownies. Partial substitution of 5% of breadfruit flour was preferred by panelist
Monitoring soil degradation and siltation using spectral indices in a semi-arid watershed: (Case of the Mohamed V dam in the Moulouya basin, (Morocco)
No full textWater erosion is a natural phenomenon that alters the characteristics of the Earth's surface and specifically impacts dams, water resources, and soil resources. The fight against water erosion has always been a major concern for human societies worldwide. This work aims to characterize the state of soil degradation and its impact on the Mohamed V Dam in the Moulouya basin. The methodology used relies on remote sensing(RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to delineate soil degradation due to water erosion and highlight its effect on the Mohamed V Dam over three distinct periods: 1985, 2020, and 2025. The approach is based on the extraction of indices related to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Difference Water Index (NDWI), and light intensity (BI) from the analysis of Landsat satellite images from the aforementioned years. The results show an increase in the area of severely degraded soils during the study period, while areas of slightly and moderately degraded soils gradually expanded. This soil degradation led to increased siltation of the Mohammed V Dam, resulting in a significant loss of its water storage capacity and necessitating its raising. This simple and rapid approach is a valuable decision-making tool, and its results are crucial for establishing priority zones for erosion control measures
Functional properties of mango seed starch (MOSETA) modified by heat-moisture treatment
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of Heat-Moisture Treatment (HMT) on the functional properties of mango seed starch (MOSETA). The modification was conducted at two temperatures, 90°C and 110°C, for 240 minutes. Native mango seed starch was used as a control. The parameters analyzed included yield, starch content, color characteristics (lightness L, redness a, yellowness b), swelling power, and solubility. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test to compare the two HMT treatments. The results showed that increasing the treatment temperature significantly affected most of the evaluated parameters (p < 0.05). The sample treated at 110°C exhibited lower swelling power and solubility than the sample treated at 90°C, indicating partial rearrangement of amylopectin chains and increased crystalline stability. However, a slight decrease in lightness and an increase in yellowness were observed with higher temperature, reflecting limited Maillard reactions and pigment changes during heating. These findings suggest that HMT at elevated temperatures enhances the structural integrity and modifies the functional properties of MOSETA, making it more suitable for specific food applications that require reduced swelling and improved stability during thermal processing
The analysis of habitat characteristics of
No full textAnaphalis javanica is one of the protected plant species. However, over time, its existence has been threatened by several factors, including anthropogenic factors (illegal collection during hiking activities and socio-cultural events), fires (both natural and human-induced), and natural factors (volcanic activity producing ash). Kalipait Waterfall, which is part of the Ijen Geopark, features unique characteristics with its water flow originating from the Ijen crater, resulting in high sulfate content. This area has become an attractive tourist destination frequently visited by both domestic and international tourists. This study aims to understand the habitat characteristics of Anaphalis along the Kalipait Waterfall stream. This research serves as a foundation for the conservation of
A. javanica. A quantitative vegetation approach was employed using ten plots, each measuring 2 × 2 m. Data collection involved documenting the species identity and the corresponding number of individuals within every sampled plot. Abiotic factors encompass the measurements of elevation, slope, temperature, and humidity. The data were analyzed by calculating the Importance Value Index (IVI), followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted with PAST software. A total of 375 plants were found, which are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Phytolaccaceae. The species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) is Arundinella fuscata (47,71%)
Shelf life estimation of hanjeli flakes with eel flour using accelerated shelf life testing (ASLT) method and Arrhenius model
No full textHanjeli flakes with eel flour are flat-shaped biscuit cereals made from hanjeli flour and eel flour. Shelf life information about the product is needed to ensure that the product is still suitable for consumption. This research aims to estimate the shelf life of hanjeli flakes with eel flour based on variations in packaging at different temperatures and times using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing method Arrhenius model. This method was carried out at three storage temperatures, 15, 30, and 45oC, for 35 days and observed every seven days with water content, hardness, fracturability (crispness), and total mold. Based on the results of the research shelf life estimation of hanjeli flakes with eel flour, the best type of packaging is aluminum foil packaging because it can further extend the shelf life of the product compared to polypropylene packaging. These findings indicate that aluminum foil packaging can effectively extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of hanjeli flakes enriched with eel flour, which were 88.72 days (based on the water content parameter), 189.50 days based on the hardness parameter, 119.60 days based on fracturability (crispness), and 177.18 days based on total mold parameter
Monitoring drought-induced degradation of olive and citrus tree crops in the Tadla plain (Morocco) with multi-sensor remote sensing
No full textThe Tadla plain, located in central Morocco, has experienced ongoing drought episodes in recent years, causing significant degradation of citrus orchards and olive groves. This study aims to evaluate the changes in these crops from 2018 to 2024 using multi-sensor satellite data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) and a supervised classification algorithm, the Support Vector Machine (SVM). To characterize the vegetation and water conditions of the crops, several biophysical indices were extracted, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). These indices help assess vegetation vigor, biomass, and water stress. Combining optical and radar data improved the detection of degraded areas, especially in sectors exposed to high water stress. Applying the SVM classifier to the combined Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data achieved a high overall accuracy (OA) of 0.927, confirming the reliability of the mapping for monitoring the ongoing degradation of orchards. The diachronic analysis of cultivated areas shows a significant decline: citrus orchards lost about 38% of their area from 2019 to 2024, while olive groves decreased by 32%. At the same time, the reduction in vegetation and water indices indicates a decline in biomass, photosynthetic activity, and leaf water content, highlighting the combined effects of drought and groundwater overexploitation. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing with machine learning techniques for environmental monitoring and agricultural planning. They offer a strategic tool to predict the impact of water stress on perennial crops and support the development of sustainable water management practices in vulnerable regions
Preliminary screening of rhizosphere bacteria in shallot plants grown in organic field as antagonists against
No full textFusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Focc), is a devastating disease affecting shallot plants. This study aimed to screen rhizosphere bacteria isolated from healthy shallot plants cultivated in organic field and to evaluate their antagonistic potential against Focc. A total of 29 rhizosphere bacterial isolates were found from healthy shallot plants in Jember, East Java, Indonesia. These isolates exhibited considerable variation in morphological characteristics, including colony color, shape, and opacity. The bacterial density in the samples generally ranged from 107 to 109 CFU/ml, with colony numbers differing among isolates. The predominant colony colors were white and yellow, with morphological forms ranging from circular to irregular and serrated. Among these, thirteen isolates (RB1, RG1, RH1, RI1, RJ1, RF2, RA3, RB3, GC3, GD3, GRA4, GRC4, and GRE4) demonstrated strong antagonistic potential against Focc, with inhibition percentages ranging from 56.60 to 68.79%. These findings indicate that rhizosphere bacteria from shallot plants possess antagonistic properties and hold potential as biocontrol candidates against Fusarium wilt. However, further in vitro antagonistic assays and molecular identification are required to confirm the bacterial species involved and to determine their efficacy in suppressing Fusarium wilt while promoting shallot growth