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The Quality Characteristics of Probiotic Ice Cream with The Addition of Tempoyak Durian Lai
No full textDurian lai (Durio zibethinus × Durio kutejensis) is an endemic fruit of East Kalimantan resulting from a cross between local durian and lai. It has distinct characteristics such as golden-yellow flesh, a sweet taste, mild aroma, and soft texture. However, due to its seasonal availability and perishable nature, further processing is required. This study aimed to develop probiotic tempoyak from durian lai and diversify it into ice cream. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor was used, applying tempoyak at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, each replicated five times. Parameters tested included sensory quality (hedonic and hedonic quality), physical properties (melting time and overrun), and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Results indicated that tempoyak addition significantly affected hedonic quality, overrun, and total LAB, but had no significant effect on hedonic value and melting time. The 75% treatment produced the best results, with a yellow color, strong tempoyak aroma, sour-salty taste, and soft texture. Other attributes included the highest overrun (86.12%), the longest melting time (11.66 min), and the highest LAB count (8.11 log CFU/ml). Thus, durian lai tempoyak ice cream shows potential as a probiotic-based functional food
Systematic investigation of dipole bands in neutron-rich Ag isotopes
No full textThe negative-parity dipole bands built on the configuration in neutron-rich Ag isotopes have been systematically investigated using the self-consistent tilted-axis cranking model within the frame of covariant density functional theory. The calculated energy spectra and the relation between spin and rotational frequency agree well with the available experimental data. The predicted deduced B(M1) strengths decreases with increasing spin, which is consistent with the characteristics of shears mechanism. The calculated deformation parameters show a shape evolution from slightly triaxial to small oblate deformation (near spherical) as the neutron number increases. The geometry of angular momenta further demonstrates that these dipole bands can be interpreted as stapler bands, in which the shears mechanism plays an increasingly important role in the structure of the stapler band in Ag isotopes as the neutron number increases
Analytical solution for QCD
No full textWe present an analytical solution for the evolution of parton distributions incorporating mixed-order QCD QED corrections, addressing both polarized and unpolarized cases. Using the Altarelli–Parisi kernels extended to mixed order, we solve the DGLAP equations exactly in Mellin N-space and derive the associated Wilson coefficients for the polarized structure function Our analytical approach improves computational efficiency and enhances the precision of theoretical predictions in observables sensitive to QED corrections, with relevance for current and future phenomenological applications
Equipartition field strength on the sunspot boundary. Statistical study
No full textA recent case study of a long-lived sunspot confirmed earlier observational indications that the outer boundary of sunspots is defined by an invariant value of the magnetic field strength. This property is also found in magnetohydrodynamic sunspot simulations, which show that this invariant value corresponds to the equipartition field strength.
We investigated a large sample of sunspots throughout their evolution to statistically assess the magnetic field strength at their outer boundaries, determine whether it systematically reaches an invariant value, and evaluate possible dependences on sunspot size and evolutionary phase.
We automatically processed nearly 1000 active regions observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and identified and tracked 312 unique sunspots. The outer boundary of each sunspot was defined using a continuum-intensity threshold. For all evolutionary stages, we computed the mean magnetic field strength along this boundary and its standard deviation.
Across the sample, the mean magnetic field along the boundary decreases during formation, reaches a minimum during the stable phase, and increases again during decay. For sunspots with a fully developed penumbra, this minimum is remarkably consistent, with a value of 605 ± 27 G. The standard deviation of the magnetic field exhibits a similar temporal evolution, and its minimum provides an additional diagnostic of penumbral maturity: fully developed penumbrae correspond to σ_ łessapprox 200 G, whereas higher values indicate either forming or decaying structures. For sunspots with fully developed penumbrae, the mean Bamp value at their boundaries varies weakly with sunspot size; larger sunspots tend to have stronger Bamp.
The results demonstrate that fully developed sunspots systematically reach an invariant magnetic field strength value, namely the equipartition field strength, at their outer boundary. The temporal evolution of the mean field and its spatial variability along the boundary provides a robust diagnostic of sunspot formation, stability, and decay
Comparing next-generation detector configurations for high-redshift gravitational wave sources with neural posterior estimation
No full textThe coming decade will be crucial for determining the final design and configuration of a global network of next-generation (XG) gravitational-wave detectors, including the Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). In this study, and for the first time, we assessed the performance of various network configurations using neural posterior estimation (NPE) implemented in Einstein Dingo-IS ---a method based on normalizing flows and importance sampling that enables fast and accurate inference. We focused on a specific science case involving short-duration, massive and high-redshift binary black hole mergers with detector-frame chirp masses . These systems encompass early-Universe stellar and primordial black holes, as well as intermediate-mass black hole binaries, for which XG observatories are expected to deliver major discoveries. Validation against standard Bayesian inference demonstrates that NPE robustly reproduces complex and disconnected posterior structures across all network configurations. For a network of two misaligned L-shaped ET detectors (2L MisA), the posterior distributions on luminosity distance can become multimodal and degenerate with the sky position, leading to less precise distance estimates compared to the triangular ET configuration. However, the number of sky-location multimodalities is substantially lower than the eight expected with the triangular ET, resulting in improved sky and volume localization. Adding CE to the network further reduces sky-position degeneracies, and the better performance of the 2L MisA configuration over the triangle remains evident. M d
Optimization of glycerol concentration and drying temperature on the characteristics of moringa leaf vegetable leather (
No full textMoringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) contain bioactive compounds with strong potential for functional food applications, yet research on their product development remains limited. Hence, this study formulated and optimized Moringa leaf vegetable leather by adjusting glycerol concentration and drying temperature. The work used a Response Surface Methodology and a Central Composite experimental design. The research was conducted with the following variables: glycerol concentration (2-4%) and drying temperature (45–55°C). The study evaluates the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity (IC50), and sensory quality of vegetable leather. Higher glycerol increased moisture content and IC50, while higher drying temperatures reduced moisture and affected the antioxidant stability. The optimal conditions were 3.715% glycerol with a drying temperature of 48.506°C. Verification results showing a moisture content of 12.98%, ash content of 6.40%, crude fiber of 4.80%, solubility of 68.62%, and an IC50 of 1920.79 ppm. The conduct of sensory evaluation indicates good acceptance with preference scores within 7.07 < μ < 7.49. The optimized product met stable physicochemical characteristics, maintained bioactivity, and acceptable sensory quality of vegetable leather, indicating promising potential for the industrial-scale development of moringa leaves as functional foods
Ising spin glass: developments and challenges
No full textIn this review, we briefly discuss the complexities in having a theory of Ising spin glasses. We further discuss the applications of Ising spin glass physics in the inference problems, annealing in transverse Ising spin glass models and problems relating to social sciences
Unified study of
No full textWe perform a unified description of the experimental data of the invariant mass spectra of , the and invariant mass spectra of , and the ratio of branch fractions . The strong final state interactions between the two pseudoscalars are taken into account using a parametrization fulfilling unitarity and analyticity. We find that there is universality in the coupling constants for and processes. While the couplings of are about half of magnitude smaller than the couplings of , which indicates that the X(3872) is different from a pure charmonium state. Furthermore, we find that the plays an important role in the and the processes, though the phase space of is small. Also we predict the ratio of branch fractions and the invariant mass distribution of
Early-reverberation imaging functions for bounded elastic domains
No full textFor the ultrasonic inspection of bounded elastic structures, finite-duration imaging functions are derived in the Fourier–Laplace domain, where efficient computational tools exist for solving problems in linear elasticity. The signals involved are exponentially windowed, so that early reflections are taken into account more strongly than later ones in the imaging methodology. Applying classical approaches to the general case of anisotropic elasticity, we express the Fréchet derivatives of the relevant data-misfit functional with respect to arbitrary perturbations of the mass density and stiffnesses in terms of forward and adjoint solutions. Their definitions incorporate the exponentially decaying weighting. The proposed finite-duration imaging functions are then defined on that basis. As some areas of the structure are less insonified than others, it is necessary to define normalized imaging functions to compensate for these variations. Our approach in particular aims to overcome the difficulty of dealing with bounded domains containing defects not located in direct line of sight from the transducers and measured signals of long duration. In this preliminary and methodological work, we demonstate the potential of the proposed approach on a two-dimensional test case featuring the imaging of mass and elastic stiffness variations in a region of a bounded isotropic medium that is not directly visible from the transducers. The results show that the early-reverberation imaging (ERI) method allows for mapping anomalies in masked regions of a structure with reasonable computational efforts
The interdependence between density PDF, CMF, and IMF and their relation with Mach number in simulations
No full textContext. The initial mass function (IMF) of stars and the corresponding cloud mass function (CMF), traditionally considered universal, exhibit variations that are influenced by the local environment. Notably, these variations are apparent in the distribution’s tail, indicating a possible relationship between local dynamics and mass distribution.
Aims. Our study was designed to examine how the gas PDF, the IMF, and the CMF depend on the local turbulence within the interstellar medium (ISM).
Methods. We ran hydrodynamical simulations on small star-forming sections of the ISM under varying turbulence conditions, characterised by Mach numbers of 1, 3.5, and 10, and with two distinct mean densities. This approach allowed us to observe the effects of different turbulence levels on the formation of stellar and cloud masses.
Results. The study demonstrates a clear correlation between the dynamics of the cloud and the IMF. In environments with lower levels of turbulence likely dominated by gravitational collapse, our simulations showed the formation of more massive structures with a power-law gas PDF, leading to a top-heavy IMF and CMF. On the other hand environment dominated by turbulence result in a lognormal PDF and a Salpeter-like CMF and IMF. This indicates that the turbulence level is a critical factor in determining the mass distribution within star-forming regions