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Delineation of the Cibojong Fault based on Morphotectonic analysis and UAV imagery in the Pamulihan area, Southern Garut, Indonesia
No full textThe Cibojong Fault in Pamulihan, Southern Garut, is an active tectonic structure whose existence has not been well defined due to dense vegetation cover and rapid weathering processes. This study aims to delineate the fault using a combination of morphotectonic analysis, UAV-based photogrammetry, and fracture orientation measurements. UAV imagery acquired at the Ciarinem and Cisompang rivers provided highresolution topographic models that highlight geomorphic anomalies such as offset valleys, escarpments, and drainage deflections. Field observations and joint orientation analysis confirmed dominant NW-SE fracture trends consistent with a strike-slip stress regime, supported by fracture density measurements indicating localized deformation zones. These findings demonstrate that the Cibojong Fault cuts across stratigraphic units ranging from the Pliocene to the Holocene, indicating persistent tectonic activity into recent geological times. The integrated approach of morphotectonic indices, UAV mapping, and structural field data provides a more accurate delineation of the Cibojong Fault and contributes to understanding its role in risk mitigation strategies and hazard assessment
Strategies for achieving sustainable infrastructure through lean construction optimization in the Indonesia Dam Project
No full textDams are critical infrastructure that support water security, energy production, food resilience, and disaster risk reduction in Indonesia's rapidly developing regions. However, conventional delivery of dam projects still suffers from delays, cost overruns, and waste arising from fragmented planning and low workflow reliability. This study investigates how Lean Construction, particularly the Last Planner System (LPS) integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM), can enhance performance in the Tiga Dihaji Dam Project Package 4. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was adopted, combining document review, site observations, and structured discussions with project stakeholders, followed by quantitative evaluation of schedule and productivity indicators. The results show that collaborative planning, weekly coordination, constraint removal, and visual control through BIM support more reliable task commitments, reduce rework and waiting, and improve information flow. Lean implementation also decreased non-value-adding activities such as overproduction, excessive inventory, and unnecessary material handling on site. Overall, Lean-LPS implementation contributed to measurable performance gains, including significant schedule acceleration (Ra ≈ 96.7%; Ri ≈ 97.2%), while reinforcing sustainable infrastructure outcomes, organisational learning, and alignment with national dam development policies and Sustainable Development Goals targets. The findings provide practical guidance for scaling Lean practices to other Indonesian dam projects and large infrastructure programs
Land development directions based on buildings height in Semarang regency
No full textSemarang Regency experienced changes in land use from 2010 to 2020, marked by an increase in built-up areas of 3,681.16 hectares, equivalent to 3.61%. The area of built-up land in 2010 was 13,990.46 hectares, increasing to 17,671,62 hectares in 2020. On the other hand, based on data from the Semarang Regency Central Statistics Agency, the population of Semarang Regency reached 1,080,648 people. Along with the increase in population each year, the limited land area owned by Semarang Regency has led to an increase in demand for land, resulting in land changes. With the increase in built-up areas in Semarang Regency, it is necessary to control the use of built-up space through Land Development Guidelines Based on Building Height in Semarang Regency. The method used is a quantitative method with spatial analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The steps taken to produce Land Development Guidelines Based on Building Height in Semarang Regency are as follows: 1) Identification of Land Cover in Semarang Regency, 2) Identification of Settlement Spatial Planning in Semarang Regency, 3) Analysis of Residential Land Suitability in Semarang Regency, and 4) Land Development Directions Based on Height Buildings in Semarang Regency
Prototype of car body assembly robot based on outseal PLC and haiwell SCADA
No full textAs technology advances and industrial demands for efficiency grow, automation systems based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) have become essential. SCADA is particularly suitable for large-scale operations with high safety risks, such as the Car Body Assembly Process at the welding line. This study develops a prototype of an automated car body assembly system integrating an Outseal PLC and Dobot Robot with Haiwell SCADA via the Modbus RTU protocol using RS-485 and internet communication. The developed programs enable the PLC and robot to operate automatically and execute assembly tasks in real time. The SCADA system was configured by inserting binary and relay bits into the PLC program and linking input-output variables in Haiwell SCADA. Experimental testing confirmed the system operated successfully as designed. The prototype achieved a fastest cycle time of 1 minute and 19 seconds for producing one car body unit. However, minor inconsistencies occurred during roof installation, welding, and miniature car body pickup due to conveyor response delays affecting the Dobot Robot. Overall, the integration of PLC, robot, and SCADA demonstrated effective automation and monitoring suitable for industrial-scale car body assembly
Geochemical controls of parent rocks on bauxite quality in Melugai, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textThe lateritic bauxite deposits discovered in Melugai Village, West Kalimantan, occur within a lateritic belt zone characterized by extensive and high-quality bauxite occurrences. This study aims to examine the geochemical control of parent rocks influencing the ALCC content in lateritic bauxite deposits. The methods employed include geological mapping, petrographic and petrological analyses, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing. Geomorphologically, the study area is divided into two morphological units gently undulating hills and moderately undulating hills. The drainage pattern in the study area is classified as dendritic. Bauxite deposits are classified into two types based on their parent rocks, namely metatuff and meta-andesite. Bauxite derived from metatuff has an average AL-Ch content of 47.53% (range 44.86-50.06%), categorized as medium-grade bauxite with intense lateritization. In contrast, bauxite derived from meta-andesite has an average ALCh content of 32.25% (range 26.27-38.24%), classified as low-grade bauxite with weak to moderate lateritization. These results indicate that bauxite derived from meta-tuff exhibits a superior AL-Ch content compared to bauxite originating from meta-andesite. This finding suggests that meta-tuff-sourced bauxite contains a more abundant presence of gibbsite minerals, which subsequently controls the high AL-Ch concentration within the bauxite ore
Social causes of the issue of death in philosophy: (Death cases encountered in road transport accidents)
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization, road traffic accidents cause approximately 1.35 million deaths worldwide each year, making them the eighth leading cause of death across all age groups and the primary cause of death among individuals aged 5 to 29 years. Mortality rates are disproportionately higher in countries with lower standards of living, particularly in Africa. Of the 30 countries with the highest road traffic fatality rates, 25 are African nations. Liberia recorded the highest mortality rate in 2018, with 35.9 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, largely attributed to poor road infrastructure and inadequate or delayed medical services following accidents. In contrast, Western European countries exhibit the lowest fatality rates globally. Excluding very small states, Switzerland and Norway report the lowest mortality levels at 2.7 deaths per 100,000 population. Within Europe, Russia represents the most disadvantaged case, with a mortality rate of 18, followed closely by several post-Soviet states such as Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, and Ukraine. These disparities highlight the strong influence of infrastructure quality, healthcare systems, and socioeconomic conditions on road safety outcomes
Temperature wall function boundary condition in lattice Boltzmann method for indoor thermal turbulent flow
No full textThis work introduces a straightforward thermal wall boundary framework for the lattice Boltzmann method, incorporating a wall function model for temperature. Accurate heat flux transfer near the boundary is achieved by evaluating the non-dimensional distance of near-wall grid points and dynamically modifying the wall temperature. The proposed boundary condition was validated through large- eddy simulation based on LBM (LBM-LES) applied to an indoor natural convection turbulent flow. Results demonstrate that the new wall treatment markedly improves the prediction accuracy of both mean and fluctuating temperatures, especially under coarse grid conditions. This approach shows strong potential for LBM-LES applications in building thermal fluid simulations by enhancing temperature accuracy— particularly near walls—while reducing grid dependency
The Cutting-edge Environmental Design and Performance Verification at HD Hyundai Global R&D Center (GRC)
No full textThis is an example of a large-scale office building built by HD Hyundai in Seongnam city, South Korea. The young population in South Korea is expected to decline, and there is a need for an attractive work environment to secure human resources (Wellness). Energy consumption per person is increasing (Energy). There was a need to consolidate 17 companies dispersed across various regions (Communication). The concept of “Geometric Design” is shown, which creates various synergistic effects by integrated design concept of CUBE/VOID/GRID. This report explains the cutting-edge environmentally friendly design through integration of architecture and building services, and its actual performance in regard to IEQ and energy savings proven by post completion commissioning. The purpose is to spread the message not only in South Korea but also widely by showing best practices by fact data
Optimization Control of Building Facilities Using Deep Rein-forcement Learning Comparison with Dynamic Programming
No full textIn recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing worldwide and is being applied in many fields. While its utilization is also expected in the building energy, we need to quantitatively evaluate its effectiveness for full-scale practical implementation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of controlling a photovoltaic power generation system including storage batteries using AI on its power cost reduction by comparing it with a theoretically optimal solution obtained by mathematical programming. More specifically, a comparison was conducted between charge/discharge control using Dynamic Programming (DP) and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). SAC is a reinforcement learning algorithm known for its high performance in problems with continuous action spaces. In contrast, DP is a method that can obtain a mathematically optimal solution under discretized variable settings based on the principle of optimality. The results showed that SAC-based control achieved a 7.0% to 11.2% reduction in electricity cost compared to the case without utilizing the energy storage system. However, when compared with the theoretical optimum obtained by DP, a maximum cost reduction gap of up to 18% was observed. This may be attributed to the fact that DP considers future demand, whereas SAC focuses solely on the present
Analysis of electricity, water, and hot water consumption in NZEB apartments
No full textThis study examined electricity, water, and hot water consumption in an apartment building that has been retrofitted to meet Net Zero Building (NZEB) standards. The building, originally constructed in 1990, underwent insulation and equipment upgrades, and retrofitting was completed in September 2023. Measurement systems were installed in selected units to monitor consumption in both private and common areas under real living conditions. Data were collected from May 2024 to February 2025, during which the occupancy rate remained stable. The analysis revealed seasonal and time-based consumption trends. Electricity use increased in winter and decreased during intermediate seasons, with peak usage occurring between 18:00 and 22:00, especially at 20:00. Water consumption remained stable throughout the year and was unaffected by outdoor temperature. In contrast, hot water consumption increased in winter and decreased in summer, following a time-based peak pattern similar to that of electricity. This study successfully captured real-world utility usage patterns in a retrofitted NZEB apartment building. These findings provide valuable insights into electricity, water, and hot water demand behaviors, thus contributing to the development of more effective energy-saving strategies in residential buildings